Protection, Development and Utilization of Agricultural Biological Resources in Sichuan Province

Natural resources only include material resources, that is, under certain socio-economic and technological conditions, the sum of natural materials and natural energy that can produce ecological value or economic value, thus improving the quality of life of human beings at present or in the foreseeable future. Natural resources are divided into biological resources, agricultural resources, forest resources, land resources, mineral resources, marine resources, climate and meteorology, water resources and so on. With the increase of population, the land occupied by housing and industrialization has also increased correspondingly, and the relative quantity of agricultural resources has become less and less. China is a typical agricultural country with a population of 654.38+300 million. In fact, agriculture should not only feed more and more people in a limited growth space, but also meet people's growing demand for quality. Therefore, the protection, development and utilization of agricultural resources are related to the peace and stable development of China and even the world.

Agricultural resources are the general name of agricultural natural resources and agricultural economic resources. Agricultural natural resources include natural environmental factors such as land resources, water resources, climate resources and biological resources that can be used for agricultural production. Agricultural economic resources refer to social economic factors and social production achievements that directly or indirectly affect agricultural production, such as the quantity and quality of agricultural population and labor force, agricultural technical equipment and agricultural infrastructure including transportation, communication, culture, education and health. This paper focuses on the biological resources in agricultural natural resources, and through introducing the protection, development and utilization of several agricultural biological resources in Sichuan, looks forward to the development and utilization prospect of agricultural biological resources in Sichuan.

I. Development and Utilization of Agricultural Biological Resources in Sichuan Province

1. Multiple cropping system of crop resources has a long history in Sichuan. In recent decades, multiple cropping system has played an important role in the continuous increase of grain production in China and has become the main body of planting system. Sichuan is an advantageous area for agricultural production in China, with abundant crop resources and high multiple cropping index. By 2000, the average multiple cropping index in Sichuan was 1.80%, which was 45 percentage points higher than the national average index. With the improvement of breeding level, there are more and more crop varieties with high quality and short growth period. The total output of main crops in Sichuan province accounts for 18.6% of the national total output (including rice 14.8%), oil 15.3% (rape 14.6%) and sugar 20% (including sucrose). The utilization of agricultural resources in Sichuan is mainly reflected in structural adjustment and variety structure optimization. According to the advantages of resources and market potential, Sichuan has recently identified eight kinds of agricultural products, such as high-quality rice, "double-low" rapeseed, corn, citrus, commercial vegetables, sericulture, tea and cotton, as the dominant agricultural products for key support and development. Eight national dominant crop producing areas, such as citrus, "double low" rape and cotton, and five characteristic and large-scale dominant crop producing areas in the western region, such as high-quality rice, forage corn, commercial vegetables, tea and sericulture, will be built 16. The layout of crop production has been comprehensively and rationally planned, and regional characteristic agriculture has been strengthened.

2. Horticultural Resources There are many kinds of horticultural plants in Sichuan Province, which are rich in resources and have considerable output. Collecting wild and cultivated horticultural plants has always been one of the main sideline projects of farmers in mountainous areas, which provides a rich material basis for prospering the economy in mountainous areas and improving people's lives. Among them, vegetables and plants are widely distributed because of their great economic value and rich reserves. Sichuan is a special origin center of vegetable germplasm and fruits, which mainly originated from bamboo shoots, water chestnut, lotus root, water bamboo, pepper, Typha latifolia, mustard and lettuce. The original fruit trees mainly include pear, autumn pear, peach, mountain peach, China cherry, Pinellia ternata, jujube, jujube, ginkgo, walnut, pecan, sweet orange, broad-skinned orange and so on. At present, the Sichuan provincial government mainly encourages and supports the development of owners by giving play to the guiding role of government investment, and absorbs social funds to invest in agricultural infrastructure. On the idea of agricultural infrastructure construction, we should focus on improving the level of agricultural equipment, optimizing the agricultural development environment and improving people's quality of life, adhere to the principle of taking benefit as the center, combine infrastructure construction with adjusting agricultural structure, developing characteristic economy and comprehensive agricultural development, and strive to achieve the unity of economic, social and ecological benefits. At present, the vegetable base in Mengyang Town, Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province is the largest green vegetable intercropping production base in the western Sichuan Plain, which mainly produces green vegetables, garlic bolts, eggplant, autumn lettuce, winter lettuce and celery. Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province is one of the five vegetable bases in China, forming a large-scale production base of green celery, garlic bolts, cauliflower, round Ye Bo vegetables and lettuce, with the total vegetable output accounting for nearly 60% of the city.

As we all know, countries south of 28 degrees north latitude do not produce deciduous fruits, and countries north of 28 degrees north latitude mature later than Sichuan. In addition, the unique landform and climate in Sichuan Basin are particularly beneficial to the growth of some fruits. Therefore, deciduous fruit is the main export destination of Sichuan Province, the farthest export destination is North America and Canada, and the most important sales destination is Southeast Asia. Sichuan has become one of the largest citrus export bases in China.

Wild peony and peony distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet in China are recognized as precious flower resources in the world. In view of the special climatic conditions in Sichuan, the Sichuan provincial government has formulated a market-oriented policy, giving full play to the advantages of China's climate, varieties and labor force, highlighting key points, rationally distributing products, actively adjusting product structure, and implementing moderate scale operation; By means of scientific and technological innovation, we will intensify the cultivation of new flower varieties, speed up the development and protection of flower germplasm resources, build national flower brands, cultivate fist products, and improve product quality and export earning capacity; Focus on formulating and improving supporting policies, regulations and standards, speed up the construction of quality supervision system, strengthen the management of standardized industries, and guide and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the flower industry in the province. At present, our province mainly uses the advantages of Sichuan orchids, rhododendrons, osmanthus fragrans, ebony and peony to cultivate new flower varieties with long flowering period, rich colors, different colors, strong fragrance, good stress resistance and strong ornamental value. Introduce and screen a number of multi-color, multi-form and multi-purpose urban garden flower varieties and high-grade potted flower varieties suitable for the development of our province, and develop new technologies for large-scale seedling raising and industrial supporting cultivation. Collect 320 local characteristic flower germplasm resources, and establish characteristic precious flower variety resource bank or seed gene bank. Constructing the evaluation and utilization system of flower resources. Improved or bred new varieties 12 ~ 20, with a demonstration and promotion area of 6200 mu. The largest Rhododendron wild resource protection base in China was established, and exotic species were widely introduced. The largest flower exhibition base in Sichuan was established in Wenjiang District, Chengdu. In addition, a large flower market has been established around Chengdu.

3. Livestock and poultry breed resources The ecological environment in Sichuan is complex and the climate is very different. Long-term natural selection and artificial selection have created a large number of excellent local livestock and poultry breeds for Sichuan. 1995 to 1999, under the organization of the national animal husbandry and veterinary station, 70 excellent local livestock and poultry breeds (populations) were sorted out through investigation and excavation. Among them, there are ecological varieties adapted to specific ecological environment, such as kurama, Jianchangma, Hequma, Sichuan Donkey, Jiulong Yak, Maiwa Yak, Tibetan Sheep and Tibetan Pig. , including rare breeds with unique genetic qualities, such as Jinyang Silk Chicken, tibetan chicken, Jiuyuan Black Chicken, etc. Miyi chicken, Jianchang duck and Liangshan pig with special economic characters, Sichuan white pig I line and Meigu Bapu goat with high reproductive performance. Tianfu Meat Duck, Nanjiang Yellow Sheep, Sichuan White Goose and Steel Goose have good meat performance, while Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep, Danba Black Sheep and Chengdu Mayang have good wool and skin performance. Among them, Neijiang Pig, Sichuan White Goose, Jiulong Yak, Nanjiang Antelope and Tianfu Meat Duck are famous for their unique production traits and performance.

II. Measures for the Protection, Development and Utilization of Agricultural Biological Resources in Sichuan Province

1. According to local conditions, classified management is a relevant policy formulated by the Sichuan provincial government for different regions and different growing environments. In the work of protection, development and utilization, livestock and poultry breed resources are divided into three categories, and different protection, development and utilization measures are taken according to different types. Implement the black-necked crane protection project in the western plateau area of Sichuan Province; In Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, the golden monkey population and habitat protection project and the habitat protection of pheasants and other endemic pheasants have been completed. In terms of product development, the largest demonstration pig farm in the province's supply and marketing system was built and put into operation in Dazhou, Sichuan, the largest lean pig farm was built in Shuangliu County, Chengdu, and the largest pork producing area was built in Qionglai, Chengdu. Taking excellent local pig breeds and existing foreign pig breeds as breeding materials, a set of specialized strain cultivation techniques based on cross breeding and molecular breeding techniques was formed. A high lean pig mating line 1 suitable for processing and export and a high-quality flavor pig mating line 1 suitable for fresh food sales were cultivated. The standardized production technology of moderate scale breeding of pigs with high lean meat rate and the supporting production technology of high quality flavor pigs 1 set were put forward.

2. Comprehensive utilization of resources and innovative mechanism to improve the "seven systems" of agriculture. The construction of "seven systems", such as improved seed system, agricultural science and technology innovation and application system, animal and plant protection system, agricultural product quality and safety system, agricultural information and agricultural product market system, agricultural resources and ecological protection system, and agricultural socialized service and management system, is to build a solid and powerful modern agricultural support and guarantee system as a whole. We should seize the opportunity, innovate the mechanism, increase investment, integrate resources and speed up construction. It is necessary to deepen reform, vigorously mobilize industrial and commercial enterprises, professional associations, cooperative economic organizations, farmers and other social forces to participate in the construction of the "seven major systems", and gradually form a new agricultural system that combines state support with market guidance and combines paid services with free services.

In practice, various localities and departments have come up with many feasible methods, such as brand packaging the traditional Pixian watercress and establishing Pixian watercress group; Taking Pixian watercress as the core, build China Sichuan cuisine industrialization base; Supported by the base, it will drive tens of thousands of acres of vegetables, edible fungi and other bases around. In this way, the large-scale land not only provides low-cost and high-quality raw materials for China Sichuan cuisine industrialization base, but also enables farmers to become industrial workers in intensive production, thus forming a benign interaction between agricultural industrialization and industrialization.

To sum up, the development of agricultural resources in Sichuan has promoted the market competitiveness of agricultural products in our province, and made positive contributions to ensuring food security in our province, optimizing the quality structure of agricultural products and highlighting the "advantages of Sichuan". However, we should clearly realize that there are still some outstanding problems in the current utilization of resources: first, the ability of technological innovation is insufficient; Second, the allocation of resources is not reasonable, and the input of talents, funds and other factors is scattered; Third, the system problems are more prominent, lack of enterprise main body, lack of close integration of Industry-University-Research, lack of interdisciplinary and inter-unit cooperation, integration of breeding, reproduction and promotion, and low degree of industrialization of improved varieties.

(Tonglian: Chengdu Vocational College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 61130)