The harm of residual chlorine in tap water to human body?

Chlorination, as an effective sterilization method, is still adopted by more than 80% water plants in the world. Therefore, a certain amount of residual chlorine must be kept in municipal tap water to ensure the safety of microbial indicators of drinking water. However, when chlorine reacts with organic acids, it will produce many carcinogenic by-products, such as chloroform. More than a certain amount of chlorine itself will cause great harm to the human body, and there is an unpleasant smell, commonly known as "bleaching powder smell." Now, most experts have reached a consensus that the use of chlorinated water and chloride in drinking water does have a certain relationship with the risk of cancer.

Researchers at Wisconsin Hospital in the United States found that free residual chlorine and its derivatives "carcinogens and mutagens such as chloroform and carbon tetrachloride" in tap water not only enter the human body through drinking, but also enter the human body through washing face, washing hands, gargling, skin, pores and hair. It is reported that more than 80% of residual chlorine and its toxic and harmful substances in water enter the human body from the skin. Therefore, the residual chlorine, impurities, pipelines and water tanks in the water have seriously affected human health.

1974, Rook in the Netherlands and Belier in the United States first discovered the existence of chloroform (THMS), chloroform and other disinfection by-products (DBPS) in pre-chlorinated and chlorinated water, which are carcinogenic and mutagenic. In the mid-1980s, another chloroacetic acid (HAAS) was discovered, which has a greater risk of cancer. For example, the carcinogenic risks of chloroform, dichloroacetic acid (DCH) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) are 50 times and 100 times respectively. Up to now, with the progress of science and technology, 222 1 organic pollutants have been detected in water sources, and 65 kinds have been found in tap water, including 20 kinds of carcinogens and 56 kinds of mutagens.

Dr. Martin, an American health and nutrition expert, said: If human beings can be protected from chlorine-containing water, their life span can be extended by 20-30 years. Every family should follow the same draft and water use standards. Draft is as important as water use, and families with conditions should have a set of family central water purifier (system).

Using chlorine-containing disinfectants to disinfect tap water has the advantages of low cost, obvious effect and convenient operation, which is very popular and universal in the world. But chlorine has a good killing effect on bacterial cells, and also has a serious impact on other biological cells and human cells.

After the tap water is boiled, the carcinogen chloroform will increase by 3-4 times compared with cold water, so the coffee, tea or soup we drink every day will be heated and boiled. Our bodies have increased carcinogens by 3-4 times.

Harm of chlorine in tap water to human body

Drinking tap water in daily life must first thoroughly remove residual toxins (residual chlorine in tap water).

Chlorine is an inorganic volatile chemical substance, which was used as toxic gas in World War I, and it will directly combine with protein of skin and hair, destroying its natural electrolyte reaction; Chlorination of tap water is suitable for washing clothes, but it is definitely not suitable for drinking water or bathing.

Adding chlorine to the water will make the hair dry, split and bifurcate, and it will also make the skin white and peel off the skin layer, resulting in extremely itchy tinea allergy. Studies have proved that it will have a direct negative impact on children and the elderly or people who are allergic to chlorine for health reasons. Even if it is used in more hair care and skin care products or drugs to wipe allergic skin, the effect is not directly to remove the "chlorine" in water, but directly effective.

Tap water should be convenient and safe drinking water. In order to inhibit bacteria in water, chlorine is added in the process of water treatment. Recently, however, scientists have found that after chlorine is added to water, it will combine with organic substances in water to produce chloroform, a carcinogen. The dirtier the water, the more chlorine is added, and the more chloroform is produced. This compound cannot be removed after boiling.

When we drink tap water every day, we drink harmful substances that may be contained in it into our bodies. Recently, enterovirus is rampant, and there is a cancer every 10 minute. More than 50,000 people are infected with cancer every year in Taiwan Province province. These are not just problems of drinking tap water.

Chlorine in tap water for external use is more directly harmful to any oxidized surface with pores such as skin, nostrils, mouth, lungs, hair, eyes, meat, fruits and vegetables. Because chlorine is easily and quickly absorbed by the above objects. The baby's tender skin and hair are most sensitive to this. Scientific research has proved that chlorine can not only be absorbed by food, but also have an impact on human body, including bladder cancer, liver cancer, rectal cancer, heart disease, arteriosclerosis, anemia, hypertension and allergies, all of which are related to chlorine. Since chlorine is widely used for disinfection of public water, the best solution is to choose a bath water purifier that can remove chlorine and impurities to protect health.

Harm of chlorine to health:

Chronic poisoning is mainly manifested as neurasthenia syndrome, liver injury, digestive dysfunction, osteolysis of limbs, skin injury and so on. This product is a carcinogen, which can cause hepatic angiosarcoma.

Digestive system: loss of appetite, nausea, hiccup, abdominal distension, constipation, etc. Hepatomegaly, abnormal liver function.

Skin changes: dry skin, chapped skin, papules, acne, or keratosis of palms, thinning of nails, etc.

Carcinogenic effect: Hepatic angiosarcoma caused by vinyl chloride has been listed in the national legal occupational disease list.

Chlorine is a highly irritating yellow-green gas, twice as heavy as air, easily soluble in water (the volume ratio of water to chlorine is 1:2.5) and easily absorbed by activated carbon. Liquefied into liquid chlorine at room temperature and six atmospheric pressures, with a specific gravity twice that of water. Chlorine is widely used, mostly for self-disinfection of water, pulp bleaching, bromine production, bleaching powder (calcium hypochlorite), bhc, rubber, ink pigments, grease, polyvinyl chloride, hydrochloric acid, pesticides and so on. Chlorination treatment in metallurgical industry, chlor-alkali industry and so on also has a large amount of chlorine gas emissions. For every ton of liquid chlorine produced, one kilogram of chlorine will be discharged from diaphragm electrolysis and 18-72.5 kilograms from mercury electrolysis.

The human stomach contains five thousandths of hydrochloric acid, which helps digestion and kills germs. Chlorine is a very active element, which can be directly combined with almost all ordinary metals and nonmetals except carbon, nitrogen and oxygen (it does not react with iron in the absence of water, so liquid chlorine is filled in steel cylinders). Low concentrations of chlorine (hydrogen chloride) in the atmosphere can irritate eyes, nose and throat; Air containing one tenth of chlorine will seriously affect people's health. Inhalation of chlorine can poison respiratory tract and skin mucosa. In mild poisoning, there are burning and oppressive feelings, itchy laryngitis, dyspnea, stinging eyes and tears. High concentration of chlorine (hydrogen chloride) can cause chronic poisoning, leading to rhinitis, bronchitis, emphysema and so on. Some may be allergies, dermatitis, eczema, etc. Chlorine is highly volatile, and water vapor in the air can react with it to generate hydrochloric acid mist and hypochlorous acid, which corrodes articles and harms people, animals and plants everywhere. Therefore, the production and use places of chlorine gas should be strictly managed, and the process equipment should be improved to prevent chlorine gas leakage and comprehensive utilization. For chlorine-containing waste gas, when the concentration exceeds 65438 0%, carbon tetrachloride or sulfur monochloride can be used as absorbent to absorb and concentrate, and then desorb and recover; Chlorine with diluted concentration can be absorbed by water, alkali liquor and iron-containing compounds, but attention should be paid to secondary pollution.

Why does chlorine cause cancer?

According to the meeting of American Chemical Society held in Anaheim, Southern California, USA in September 1986, it is pointed out that taking a long hot bath is harmful to health. When taking a bath, the human body is in direct contact with toxic chemicals (chlorine), which evaporate from the water and are directly absorbed by the skin. The chlorine inhaled during bathing is as high as 6 to 100 times, and its content is much higher than that inhaled into human body.

Residual chlorine in tap water combines with organic matter in water to produce carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethanol, chloroform, etc. Trichloro (chlorine, bromine, iodine) and methane (hydrogen), so it is called chloroform. Its main products include CHCl3 (chloroform), CHBrCl2 (bromodichloromethane), CHBr2Cl (bromochloromethane) and CHBr3 (bromoform).

Chloroform in water:

Trihalomethane will be absorbed immediately after entering the human body, producing carbon dioxide, chloride ion and carbonyl chloride (toxic gas), damaging central function, liver and kidney, causing teratogenesis and cancer.

If the tap water is boiled, and the cover is opened and boiled continuously for 15 minutes, trihalomethane can be reduced, but when the boiling point reaches 100 degrees, it is completely ineffective for other carcinogens, and even the concentration increases, and there are about 60 other carcinogens, so whether it is "drinking" or "using"; Residual chlorine in tap water must be removed first to maintain health.

Maybe you will ask, even if chlorine is absorbed into the human body through the skin, the liver itself has the function of detoxification. What about inhalation? Of course, this statement is not wrong. Just ask, when will our liver have a chance to breathe when water accounts for 70% of human body weight?

In fact, chlorine in water is equivalent to candy wrapped in candy paper. We all know that we must tear off the candy paper when eating candy, so of course we should remove chlorine when using water. In fact, scientific research has also proved that chlorine can affect human body not only through food intake, but also through skin absorption, including bladder cancer, liver cancer, rectal cancer, heart disease, arteriosclerosis, anemia, hypertension, allergies and so on. Since chlorine is widely used to disinfect public water, the best solution is to choose a special water purifier, which can remove chlorine and impurities and protect your health.

Many reports have proved that chlorine is the root of all diseases. Imagine that in so many countries in the world, their eating habits, lifestyles and even living environment are not necessarily the same, but the incidence of cancer is the same. Think about it. Besides putting chlorine into the waterworks to disinfect drinking water at the same time, what is the reason for human beings to face the harm of civilized diseases at the same time?

Active oxygen products are used to completely remove residual chlorine in water. At the same time, if we can't find a better water suitable for human use, what is the difference between its value and other water purifiers on the market? So we put forward small molecular water, because small molecular water will be the mainstream of products in the future water market, and it will also open another bright and healthy window for people who are generally troubled by modern civilization diseases.

What kind of water is healthy water:

1, which does not contain any substance that is toxic, harmful or smelly to human body (or life).

2. Water easily absorbed by human body (or life)

3. The hardness of water is moderate, between 30 and 200mg/L..

4, the human body (or life) needs the right amount of minerals.

5. The PH value is weakly alkaline (pH value is between 7.0 and 8.0).

6, dissolved oxygen in water is less than 7 mg/L.

The World Health Organization announced seven international standards for healthy water:

1, clean and pollution-free, harmless to human body. Water does not contain impurities, bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, organic compounds and other pollutants harmful to human body. The secondary pollution of urban pipeline tap water in China is very serious, and the above harmful pollution exists more or less.

2. Small molecular groups (composed of 5-6 water molecules). What human cells need for absorption and physiological activities is small molecular water. In 2003, Peter Agre, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, photographed the stereo photo of aquaporin on the cell membrane with special photomicrography, which confirmed that only small molecules of water can be absorbed by cells and play the carrier functions of substance metabolism, energy metabolism and information metabolism. Otherwise, drinking macromolecular water will first lead to cell dehydration, premature cell death, and then lead to the decline of body fluid carrier function. Because the medicine is not completely absorbed, it becomes garbage in the body, and the meridians are blocked, which leads to the overall decline of viscera function and causes various diseases over time. Tap water becomes macromolecular water due to pollution, which does not meet the needs of human cells and physiological activities. Therefore, when consumers buy drinking fountains, they should pay great attention to whether tap water can become small molecular water.

3. The PH value of water must be weakly alkaline between 7.0 and 8.0. Drinking water is to replenish human body fluids. The body fluids of healthy people are weakly alkaline, which can neutralize acidic wastes, acidic deposition wastes and toxins metabolized by cells in vivo and excrete them. With the discharge of metabolic waste, the weak alkaline body fluids of human body are lost at any time, so the phenomenon of body acidification will occur, and at the same time, a large number of precious alkaline nutrients, such as potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium, will be consumed, which will lead to the decline of human immunity and resistance, delayed development of children, osteoporosis of the elderly, acidification of sub-health constitution, and a large number of free radicals will be produced in the body, eroding healthy cells of human body, leading to blockage of human meridians. Causes hypertension, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, arthritis, heart disease, obesity, acne, constipation and other diseases. Therefore, drinking weakly alkaline water is very important for people's health.

4, the dissolved oxygen of water should reach. Acid wastes metabolized in human body are produced, so reactive oxygen radicals are also produced. In order to eliminate free radicals in time, drinking water must have the function of dissolving active oxygen free radicals, which depends on whether there are high-energy negative charges around small molecular water, because these negative charges can combine with positively charged free radicals, making them lose the ability to corrode normal cells. At the same time, sufficient dissolved oxygen in water can make red blood cells in blood fully supply oxygen to cells all over the body.

5. The hardness of water is moderate, based on the content of calcium carbonate (50mg/L-200mg/L). Too high calcium carbonate content in human body fluids (too hard water) will lead to the formation of a large number of stones, and too low calcium carbonate content (too soft water) will lead to the decline of human immunity, so the hardness of drinking water should be moderate.

6. Water must contain mineral trace elements needed by human body. Minerals and trace elements in human body are the material basis for the normal operation of cells, viscera and organs, and their components and proportions are consistent with the natural water phase existing in nature. People can only get 80%-95% of the nutrition from food and nutrition at ordinary times, and it is impossible for everyone to get it completely. Therefore, only drinking healthy water can ensure the balance and integrity of human nutrition.

7. Meet the needs of human physiological activities. The functional requirements of human physiological activities for water include osmotic power, emulsifying power, dissolving power, metabolic power and diffusion power. Small molecular water has high-energy negative charge, and has strong permeability, diffusion and dissolution, while large molecular water does not have these functions; Weak alkaline water has strong dissolving power, emulsifying power, washing power and metabolic power, while acidic water does not have these functions.

How to choose a household water purifier?

It sounds unsanitary to turn on the tap and drink tap water directly. "Installing a water purifier on the faucet is no less than the pure water you drink every day." A word from Professor Ma Fang, director of the Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Municipal Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, dispelled the concerns of people who want to try water purifiers.

The household water purifier adopts a way similar to pure water production filtration to remove a large number of particulate impurities and heavy metals (such as lead, iron, mercury and copper). ) and residual chlorine in tap water, inhibit bacteria and prevent hard scale. The water quality is no less than that of bottled pure water, and the cost performance is very high. Turn on the tap and you can drink it directly.

Household water purifiers are generally divided into the following categories: first-class filtration water purifiers, mainly activated carbon, and the filtered water is best heated and boiled for drinking, and the price is generally around 100 yuan. Multi-stage filtration water purifier, its fine filtration mostly uses hollow fiber filter element, and the filtered water can be directly drunk, and the price is generally around 300 yuan. Reverse osmosis pure water machine has three-stage pre-filtration, which does not contain bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, organic matter and minerals. It's pure water. You can drink it directly. It belongs to high-grade water purification products, and the price of each set is between 3000-5000 yuan. The water machine activated by quantum energy technology is a kind of water quality activated filter device that removes pollutants in water by physical and chemical technology (oxidation-reduction method). Its filter element adopts patented materials developed by American Active Spring Tech Company, which can effectively realize quantum energy conversion. Patented, exquisite and practical appearance connection design makes this product more applicable and popular. In this equipment, the built-in filter element adopts two materials with different functions and functions, commonly known as AST treatment medium. Namely metal ion conversion materials and platinum ion activation materials. The filtered water can be purified by 1 (chlorine removal and heavy metal removal), weakly alkalized (PH value pulling), mineralized (beneficial mineral supplement) and activated (water supply and electrification, small molecular water clustering). The filtered water can be directly drunk, such as "Dr. Zinc Water Living Oxygen Water Machine", 6 Dragon 79 Buckle 57 Lu 8 Wine.

In addition, the choice of water purifier should also consider the water quality. The hardness in northern China is high, and the calcium and magnesium ions in limestone areas in southern China are high, which is easy to scale. You should choose advanced filtration water purifier and ion exchange resin filter element. For tap water with chlorine, heavy odor and more organic matter, you can choose a household water purifier with more activated carbon load. Because activated carbon has a strong adsorption effect on residual chlorine and odor in water, it has obvious removal effect on organic matter. At the same time, don't forget to check whether the manufacturer has a health license issued by the health supervision department and the appraisal by the technical supervision department.

Experts remind that it takes some steps and time for the water purifier to treat tap water, so try not to let the water flow too much when turning on the tap. Pay attention to the maintenance of the filter element of the water purifier, and take it out and clean it irregularly to prevent impurities from blocking the filter element. It is best to replace the filter element once a year.

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Related event playback:

Event replay1:On February 15, 2002, the chlorine in Spanish swimming pool exceeded the standard, and nearly 100 children were admitted to hospital.

At least 89 children and 6 adults were hospitalized for chlorine poisoning due to excessive chlorine disinfection in the swimming pool accident in the northeastern Spanish city of Savadel 15.

At the time of the incident, nearly 100 children aged 2 to 8 were taking swimming lessons. They suddenly felt tingling in their throats, eyes and skin, and developed symptoms such as nausea, red eye and difficulty breathing. They were immediately taken to the hospital by the police and medical staff who arrived. At present, most children have been discharged, but at least 18 children and 6 adults are still hospitalized, among which 1 5-year-old children are seriously ill.

The preliminary investigation shows that the cause of the accident is that the swimming pool manager added excessive cleaning and disinfection chlorine agent to the pool water, resulting in the formation of toxic chlorine fog, which spread to the swimming pool, locker room and other areas through the ventilation system.

Event 2: On July 14, 2003, four citizens in Taijiang, Fuzhou were poisoned by chlorine while swimming in the swimming pool.

I want to swim and stay healthy, but I don't want to suffer from chlorine poisoning. Yesterday, four citizens, including two adults and two children, suffered from mild chlorine poisoning at Taijiang Swimming Pool in Fuzhou. Then he was sent to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University for treatment. As of press time, adults are safe and two children are under observation.

A pungent smell.

Yesterday at noon 12, Mr. Zhuang and his party went swimming in Taijiang Swimming Pool. According to Mr Zhuang, there were more than 20 people in the swimming pool at that time. They swam in the water for about 10 minutes when a staff member came in. The worker poured a bag of things into a bucket. Suddenly, a pungent smell filled the whole swimming pool, and swimmers rushed to the other end of the swimming pool. Many people cough. "After smelling that smell, I feel chest tightness, itchy lungs, coughing as soon as I breathe, and bitter in my mouth." 12-year-old Hui Hui (a pseudonym) told reporters lying in a hospital bed. After that, four swimmers who were unwell were sent to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University for treatment.

Yang Qingzhen, the chief physician of pediatrics in the hospital, told the reporter that the hospital suspected that the patient was chlorine poisoning according to the patient's symptoms. The hospital has treated patients according to the general poisoning treatment plan, and two children are under further observation. The reporter met two adults. They told reporters that the chest was still a little tight and worried that there would be sequelae.

A bucket of disinfectant

Yesterday, in the office of Taijiang District Sports Bureau, the reporter met the staff member Chen Jianbo. According to him, the package is bleach.

The competent unit of the swimming pool is Taijiang District Sports Bureau. Yesterday afternoon, Director Lin of the swimming pool was interviewed by a reporter. He said: "According to the regulations, the swimming pool is disinfected twice a day. For this reason, the swimming pool specially set aside a room for preparing disinfectant, but I didn't expect Chen Jianbo to prepare disinfectant directly next to the swimming pool for convenience. " Director Lin promised reporters on the spot that he had sent staff to investigate the matter. If the symptoms of four patients are caused by the preparation of disinfectant, they will bear the responsibility, and at the same time, they will learn from them and strictly standardize the procedures for the preparation of disinfectant.

illegal operation

According to Chen Jinhua, an investigator from the Second Division of Fuzhou Epidemic Prevention Station who rushed to the scene afterwards, "This was caused by improper operation of the staff when preparing disinfectant. The chlorine content of bleaching powder concentrated solution is about 60%, which will give off strong chlorine when it comes into contact with water. Chlorine gas is toxic and irritating, which will seriously damage human respiratory tract and eye mucosa. But in this case, not much chlorine is inhaled. It will be fine, there will be no sequelae. "

Chen Jinhua told reporters that the correct operation method should be to prepare disinfectant outdoors or in a special room. When preparing, staff should wear masks and gloves. First, put bleaching powder or bleaching powder essence into a bucket, add a little water, stir it into slurry, and after precipitation, take out the "supernatant" on the upper layer. If the swimming pool staff operated according to the regulations, the above incidents could be completely avoided.