U-shaped organizational chart?

M-type structure (Multidivisional structure), referred to as (M-form), the division system was first proposed by General Motors President Sloan in 1924, so it is known as the "Sloan model" , also called "federal decentralization", is a decentralized management system with a high degree of centralization. At that time, General Motors merged and acquired many small companies. The scale of the company expanded rapidly, and the product types and business projects increased. However, the internal management could not adapt to this rapid development and became very chaotic. Sloan, who was then the executive deputy general manager of General Motors, referred to the experience of DuPont Chemical Company and completed the reorganization of the original organization in the form of a divisional system in 1924, which made the integration and development of General Motors a great success. It succeeded and became a typical example of the implementation of the business unit system, so the business unit system is also called the "Sloan Model".

Almost at the same time, in Japan, the "God of Management" Konosuke Matsushita also adopted the business unit system in 1927. This management structure was regarded as an epoch-making organizational reform at the time, and was closely related to "lifetime employment." "System" and "Sequence of Annual Merits" are known as Panasonic's "three magic weapons" for success.

The U-shaped organizational structure is also called the "unitary structure". It was first proposed by Taylor. It divides management work into several departments according to functions. Each department has only a small degree of independence and centralized power. In the hands of the company's top decision-makers.

The H-shaped structure was proposed by Williamson based on Chandler's research.