Several knowledge problems about the Olympic Games

1. The rise of Olympic stars A, the improvement of people's living standards B, the state's attention and investment in the Olympic Games C, the efforts of athletes D, the impact of commercialization of e-technology in commercial organizations on the Olympic Games and the impact of the Olympic Games on life.

2. The Olympic flame first appeared at the Amsterdam Olympic Games in 1928. Of course, Coubertin put forward this idea, but it was limited to lighting the flame on the fountain tray near the stadium. This new thing did not attract people's attention at that time, and the media commented on it only a few words. German Carl Dimm is very interested in this. He participated in 1896 Athens Olympic Games and 19 12 Stockholm Olympic Games. He was not only a historian and scholar in ancient Greece, but also a member of the German Olympic Committee, and later served as the secretary-general of the Berlin Olympic Organizing Committee.

Starting from 1934, Coubertin and Count Henri de Bayette-latour, who succeeded him as the president of the International Olympic Games, expressed their support for holding the preparatory ceremony in Olympia. What is more satisfying is that they adopted Tim's idea and passed the Olympic flame lit here to Berlin through specially selected messengers. 1June, 935, Germany plans to publish it in five different languages. The Olympic torch has traveled 3050 kilometers and crossed seven countries. A total of 33,665,438+0 people participated in the torch relay. The first one to carry the torch was the Greek Konstantin Kondylis, and the last one was German1500m runner Fritz Schilgen. During the torch relay, there were many celebrations. As many as 20,000 people greeted the flame when it entered Germany. The Olympic flame continued like this.

The Olympic symbol consists of five Olympic rings nested from left to right, which can be single color or five colors of blue, yellow, black, green and red. These five colors were originally used to represent the national flags of members of the National Olympic Committee at that time. With the continuous development of the Olympic Movement, the five rings have been given a deeper meaning. Today, it not only represents the unity and friendship of athletes from five continents under the Olympic flag, but also emphasizes that all athletes should meet in a fair and frank sportsmanship.

4.1979165438+1On October 26th, the IOC announced in Lausanne that the decision made by the IOC Executive Committee in Nagoya in June 5438+07 to recognize the Chinese Olympic Committee as the national Olympic Committee was passed with 62 votes in favor and 17 votes against. China sports delegation used National Anthem of the People's Republic of China and the national flag at the conference. At the same time, in order to take care of the reality of Taiwan Province Province, the Taipei Olympic Committee will stay in the International Olympic Committee as a local organization in China in the name of "China Taipei Olympic Committee", but it must use songs, flags and symbols different from those used so far. So far, the relationship between the IOC and China has been settled.

China returned to the Olympic Games on 1984, achieving a breakthrough of zero gold medal in the history of China Olympic Games. By 1996, China has won 52 Olympic gold medals.

5. The great Homer epic describes the personified gods perfectly, and holds that Mount Olympus is the kingdom of God, inhabited by 12 giant gods, and maintains the order between heaven and earth. At that time, there were mainly Olympic Games dedicated to Zeus, Pisia Games dedicated to Apollo, Ismas Games dedicated to Poseidon, Nemea Games dedicated to Heracles and Hera Games dedicated to the goddess Hera. Because the Greeks believed that Zeus on Olympus was the Lord of the gods and had supreme power, the Olympic Games dedicated to Zeus eventually developed into a unified competition of the whole Greek nation.

6. The origin of the ancient Olympic Games

According to historical records, the earliest ancient Olympic Games came into being in 776 BC. But before that, the ancient Olympic Games already existed. From the 9th century BC to the 8th century BC, the clan society in ancient Greece began to disintegrate and gradually formed a slave-holding country called "city-state". The two most powerful city-states are Athens and Sparta. In the middle of the 6th century BC, Sparta in the south of the Peloponnesian Peninsula gradually united with most of the city-states on the peninsula to form the Peloponnesian League. In the middle of the 5th century BC, some city-states headed by Athens formed an alliance again. In the 6th and 5th centuries BC, the city-state regime prevailed. City-state slavery accelerated the development of politics, economy and culture in ancient Greece.

7. The birth of the modern Olympic Movement

/kloc-the rise of the Olympic movement in the 0/9th century was the result of many factors. /kloc-since the 0/4th century, three major ideological and cultural movements have occurred in European countries: Renaissance, Religious Reform and Enlightenment. From18th century to19th century, European countries successively implemented bourgeois industrial revolution, which cleared the ideological obstacles and laid the social foundation for the birth of modern Olympic movement. The direct motivation of the revival of the Olympic movement is the influence of ancient Greek sports tradition, the bourgeois education reform and the rise of modern sports in the world.

After experiencing the prosperity of literature and art in ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, Europe entered the Middle Ages known as the "dark ages". The feudal rule of the church and aristocratic lords imprisoned people's minds. The opposition between spirit and body and asceticism advocated by religious philosophers in the Middle Ages hindered the development of sports. The Renaissance in western European countries was the first to be tyrannized by feudal lords and churches. Under the slogan of Renaissance, European countries have also made great progress in art, culture and science. Renaissance is an ideological emancipation movement against feudalism and church theocracy in the transition period from medieval feudal society to modern capitalist society in Europe, and it is also the first ideological emancipation movement of modern human beings.

/kloc-the religious reform carried out by European countries in the 0 th and 6 th centuries was a new bourgeois movement against Roman church rule. This movement destroyed the spiritual dictatorship of the church and broke the situation that the church monopolized education. 17 ~ 18 th century Enlightenment is called the second ideological emancipation movement of modern human beings. The Enlightenment advocated replacing the autocracy, superstition and deception of churches and nobles with modern ideology and culture, and advocated freedom, equality, democracy and the rule of law. These three ideological and cultural movements have one thing in common, that is, to promote the educational thought of harmonious development of body and mind in ancient Greece, and its essence is to call for the revival of the ideals and spirit of ancient Greek sports and ancient Olympic Games.

The British bourgeois revolution of 1640, the French bourgeois revolution of 1789 and the European bourgeois revolution of 1848 made capitalism gain a dominant position in major European countries. /kloc-in the 1960s of 0/8, Britain began the industrial revolution in which the handicraft industry was replaced by the machine industry. By the end of 19, Europe had basically completed the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution has greatly improved the productive forces, not only fundamentally changed the production technology, but also greatly changed the social thought and people's lifestyle, and promoted the educational reform. The purpose of bourgeois education is to cultivate social activists and economic industrialists who are physically strong, knowledgeable and pioneering and pragmatic. One of the main tasks of education is to cultivate people's personality and morality. The education system in ancient Greece and the spirit of the ancient Olympic Games coincided with the idea of personality liberation advocated by educators since the Renaissance, thus playing an important role in the education reform.

The Olympic spirit is the essence of the Olympic movement, that is, the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, unity and fair competition. The Olympic spirit contains justice, equality and justice. It recognizes all advantages that conform to the principle of justice, spurns and denies all behaviors that do not conform to moral norms, and requires people to have indomitable enterprising spirit and heroic spirit to overcome all difficulties. It summarizes the purpose of the Olympic movement.

9. Olympic Movement and Modern Science and Technology

Olympic movement and modern science and technology are the products of bourgeois industrial revolution. Since the 20th century, modern science and technology have achieved all-round and high-speed development, which has greatly changed the face of all fields of social life and also had a wide and profound impact on the Olympic Movement. Great changes have taken place in the relationship between the Olympic Movement and modern science and technology around the Second World War. Before the Second World War, the new achievements and theories of modern science and technology were generally verified and applied in sports competitions through sports science. After the war, modern science and technology regarded the Olympic Games as an important place for their own development, and all aspects of sports became the direct research objects of modern science and technology. This change not only makes the athletes' performance improve rapidly, but also makes the Olympic Games no longer a contest of physical fitness between athletes, but a contest of science and technology between countries.

The functions of modern science and technology in the Olympic movement are mainly as follows: ① It has changed the face of the Olympic Stadium. Before World War I, athletes wore the same clothes as ordinary people and competed on the ground or cinder. Sports equipment is simply made of natural materials such as bamboo, wood, rubber and feathers, and there is no advanced detection method. Since 1950s, this situation has changed rapidly, from athletes' clothing, shoes and hats to all kinds of competition equipment. From the paving materials of the site, to the timing and ranging devices, and then to the advanced management methods of the Olympic Games, the crystallization of modern scientific and technological achievements is condensed.

② Training equipment and methods have been updated. The development of modern science and technology has made the era of selecting athletes by experience and winning by hard training a thing of the past. Under the observation of scientists, many high-level Olympic athletes often wear special sports shoes equipped with multiple piezoelectric crystal sensors, operate sports training equipment connected with testing instruments, and train in front of three-dimensional scanning photography or video recorders. From the computer and TV screen, we can directly get the mechanical analysis results of their movements and understand the changes of their physiological and psychological indexes. The wind tunnel and flume used in fluid dynamics research are not only used to develop javelin, kayak, sled, bicycle and other sports equipment, but also used to study the best sports posture of athletes.

③ Quickly improve sports performance. The glass fiber reinforced plastic pole vault appeared in 1963, and the improvement of pole vault performance in that year was equivalent to that in the previous 20 years. At the Tokyo World Athletics Championships in 199 1, the famous American athlete Lewis broke the world record of 100 meters with a time of 9.86 seconds. At that time, he only wore115g running shoes.

④ Enlarged the influence of the Olympic Movement. What has the greatest influence on the development of the Olympic Movement is the progress of mass media. The live TV broadcast not only makes millions of viewers from all over the world know more about the changes of the Olympic Stadium, not just the results of the competition, but also greatly improves people's attention to the Olympic Movement. Moreover, through various cultural activities in the whole process of the Olympic Games and the customs of the host country, people can understand the contents of Olympism and the Olympic Movement more comprehensively and vividly, thus rapidly expanding the influence of the Olympic Movement.

10. Emblems of previous Olympic Games /37954 10.html