Suffix name of children's photography shop

I'm not sure. For your five points, the information I specially checked is quite complete. Just have a look, hehe. ..

The Russian full name consists of three parts: first name, father name and surname. The difference between men and women is generally manifested in the change of suffix. Besides, there are all kinds of nicknames, nicknames, nicknames.

First of all, the name of Russia

In ancient Russia, any word could be used as a name. People regard names as an inseparable part of themselves, and think that happiness or success, illness or death, strength or weakness are often associated with names. At that time, people's names were more Hun Ming and posthumous title, which were varied. Some names reflect parents' emotions and their feelings for their children. For example, "Ritan" comes from the word "equal", which means "looking forward to children";

"Miriya" comes from the word "dear", which means "lovely child". Some names are taken according to the appearance of children, such as "Kudyashi"-a child with curly hair, and "Loban"-a person with a high or wide forehead. Some names indicate the birth order of children or their status in the family, such as "Belvska"-the first child, "Tauriac"-the second child, "Oginez"-the only child.

"Balsak"-the eldest son, "Mensak"-the youngest son. If a child is born in spring, he will often be named Vishnu, because this season is when cherry blossoms are in full bloom; Children born in winter are often named "Moros", which means cold. Some names are related to a person's occupation, such as "Keremiaka", which means that the person is a cobbler. Some names are related to the names of plants and animals. Some names are associated with bad and ugly things, which is derogatory. For example, "Grieznuha" comes from the word "dirty" and "Zahwoki" comes from the word "sick". These ugly names are preventive and protect children from evil and death. Ancient Russians believed that evil spirits were not interested in children with such names and would not harm them. These ugly names can even scare some evil gods and protect the safety of children.

/kloc-at the end of 0/0 century, Gulos, a descendant of the Orthodox Church. Archduke Vladimir married the Byzantine princess and made the Orthodox Church the state religion. Since then, Russia has begun an era of orthodox rule. At the same time, the custom of the church taking the Christian name during baptism also spread to Russia. That is to say, according to the regulations of the church, the child must be named when he is baptized, and the name he takes is the name of God celebrated on this day or within a few days between birth and baptism. This Christian name is recorded in the church calendar, so it is also called the calendar name. Other names are declared as nonstandard names and are not allowed to be given to children. Therefore, from the end of 10 century, church names gradually replaced the old Russian names. By the end of 17- 19 century, the old Russian names had been completely forgotten and were no longer used. In this way, before the October Revolution, all children in Russia took their Christian names. Therefore, in the past, it was not free for Russians to name their children, and the scope of naming was quite narrow. Most children's names are taken from more than 200 most commonly used names. According to statistics, there are 240 boys named "Ivan" and 200 girls named "Maria" in every thousand people. These names come from languages such as ancient Greece, Rome, ancient Egypt and ancient Judaism.

In daily life, people don't attach great importance to the meaning and origin of names, but every name, like other words, has its own history and original meaning. Almost all the names from ancient Greece emphasize people's spiritual or physical advantages, such as "Andre"-brave, "yevgeny"-noble,

Gregory-energetic, Leonid-like a lion, yekaterina-pure, yelena-bright, Zoya-life, Irina-peace, Leilisha-Haiyan, Tatiana. Most Latin names also indicate good personal qualities, such as "winner".

Valentin- Health, Victoria Tarier- Vitality, Natalia- Nature, Marina- Ocean. The difference between ancient Jewish names and ancient Greek and Latin names lies in their attitude towards God, such as Daniel-God's court, Ivan-God's gift, Ilya-God's power and Ye Li Zaveta-worshiping God.

"Maria"-God's love. Russian and Slavic names also have their own common meanings, such as "Wajim"-rough, "Boris"-fighting for honor, "Rada"-lovely, "lyudmila"-loving people. In a word, Russian church names came from abroad and gradually became popular and used in Russia after the 10 century.

During tsarist Russia, a name category used by priests, especially monks, was formed, and priests and monks had to change their secular names to monks' names. The name kirill, the founder of Slavic alphabet, is the name of a monk, and his secular name is "Constantine". The names of such monks are gradually separated, and secular people almost no longer use them, such as Nikon, Andronik and Balacchi. However, monks' names use the same letters as secular names.

After the October Revolution, the church was separated from the state and schools, and parents gained the right to freely name their children. Most people don't pay attention to the content of children's names, as long as they sound good, and some are memorable names or names that parents earnestly hope and wish. As a result, some names that had not been seen before the October Revolution appeared. The emergence of new names is manifested in several aspects: first, parents began to form new names themselves, trying to reflect new events and new ideas, such as "Rev Mira"-world revolution, "Levjett"-revolutionary children, "Oktobrina"-October revolution, "Ninier"-Lenin and so on. Secondly, foreign names are widely used, especially for girls, such as Evelina, Eliza, Jonah and Diana, and of course, for boys, such as Tom, Eduarte and Emile. For example, the name "Juliet" comes from Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet. In 1930s, the fashion of giving children foreign names reached its climax. Third, some guslav names began to revive, such as stanislavski, Lyubova and Willistov. In short, giving children new names became a fashion at that time. Many people give their children names with specific meanings, and try to avoid meaningless letter combinations to make people understand their meanings. But in Russian, the tradition that names have nothing to do with meaning is deeply rooted, and many people are not used to new names. Not all children adopt new names, but most children still adopt traditional names.

What is the most common name in Russia? The most popular names are different in different regions and even different classes. Among farmers, the most common names are: gavrila, Yemenliyan, Tanga, Malhua, Derasim and Alina, which can be found everywhere in literary works. In the works of literary giants such as Necrasov and H.C. Turgenev, farmers are called in this way. Even now, you can see old people with such names in the countryside. However, in cities, such names are rare. This name is often associated with the image of oppression in rural areas in the past, so no one wants to give children this name now. However, names such as Nicholas, Alexander, Ivan, Peter, Anna and Maria do not bear the imprint of a particular class. All people, regardless of class, from princes and nobles to ordinary people, can be seen among farmers, citizens and workers and are widely used. The most common Russian name is Ivan, and one of the gods in folklore is Ivan Kupala. The summer solstice festival of Eastern Slavs is called Ivan's Day, which is a festival to pray for harvest, health and happiness. So Ivan is often synonymous with Russia. There are not many names commonly used by Russians, only dozens.

Russian names are gender-specific.

Russian names are equivalent to Chinese names and are official names. In addition, there are nicknames and nicknames. Nickname means caress, which is a kind of nickname, so it can also be called nickname to show love. The relationship between big names and nicknames is fixed, that is, what big names are, there are corresponding nicknames and nicknames. Nicknames are derived from nicknames. The same name can be added with different suffixes, so a name can have several nicknames and nicknames. Because nicknames often end in -α and-я, it is difficult to determine the gender of this nickname according to them. For example, "Yue Hua Su" and "Sasha" are nicknames for "Alexander" and "Alexandra";

"Vallia" is not only the nickname of "Valentina" and "Vallianli", but also the nickname of "Valentina" and "Vallianlia". Nicknames and posthumous title are sometimes mixed, there is no strict difference, depending on the relationship, habits and situation of both parties.

Nickname is a kind of casual and impolite address, which consists of a name or nickname followed by-ка (card), such as "Abrasa", called "Abraska", and so on.

Nicknames are not official names, but the names on passports, personal documents and household registration books are official names and big names. People should use celebrities in formal occasions.

Second, the father's first name and surname

(1) father's name

Father's name is part of a person's full name. This is one of the characteristics of Russian names.

The father's name consists of the male of-ич,-ович,-евич (transliteration:-Yiqi,-Ovich,-Yevich) and the female suffix. Such as Peter petrovich (son of Peter) and Petrovsky (daughter of Peter); Andre Andrevich (son of Andre), andreyev Na (daughter of Andre), etc.

In ancient times, suffix-ич refers not to the father's name, but to the young of an animal, which can be added after a common noun; Words ending with suffixes like as-ович are not the names of fathers at first, but common nouns of nobles and religious children. In ancient times, when people called their sons by their fathers' names, they could add suffixes-ич,-ович,-евич after their fathers' names. They just indicate that this is someone's son's letter, not the father's name in a completely modern sense.

(2) Last name

Everyone has a surname, which is passed down from generation to generation and should be used in all official documents. Therefore, the surname is the most important social symbol of a person and an important part of the name. But before14th century, Russians didn't have surnames. The spread of surnames in Russia has gone through a rather complicated and long process. The word "surname" is Latin, which was introduced into Russian by Peter the Great after studying Western Europe. In Russian, "surname" was originally used to represent "family", but it was not until19th century that "surname" gradually acquired a second meaning, and then became an inheritable family surname, which was combined with personal names. From14th century to16th century, Dagong and nobles began to use surnames. 16 ~ 17 th century, landlords and tycoons formed surnames, while ordinary people, except the famous rich people in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, did not finalize their surnames until the beginning of 19 th century, and even the surnames of monks were in 6544. So surnames are the privilege of the upper class.

Before surnames appeared, Russian ancestors widely used their fathers' names and nicknames. Later, the names and nicknames of these fathers evolved into various surnames, which were handed down from generation to generation in various families. Nicknames are names given to people for jokes, sarcasm and other reasons, which generally indicate some characteristics of this person's personality, appearance, actions and so on. Nicknames are informal supplementary terms between people who are familiar with each other in a narrow circle and are used in spoken English. So people who give nicknames are relatives, friends and neighbors who live and work with him. In Russia, everyone has a nickname. Even now, nicknames are still popular among children and minors. For example, a girl named Storrow Nikova may be nicknamed "Balalaika" because Balalaika is a stringed instrument with strings on it, and the sound made by the strings is "Storona", which is similar to the girl's surname; And a boy named yevgeny may be nicknamed "onegin", which is the protagonist in this literary masterpiece.

Russia also has a nickname, which can be used in three ways: the first is the name of an animal that lives with people, such as Salik (dog), Vasika (cat) and Vikhri (horse); The second is the pseudonym of some members of the secret organization; The third is an informal joke name that represents a person, that is, a nickname. Many Russian surnames are derived from nicknames. For example, a man with white hair was nicknamed "Beryake" (White Rabbit) by his neighbors according to his head. This person's children are often called Berek's children, and over time they became his surname-Berekov, which was passed down from generation to generation, although the hair of this surname may be dark brown now. For another example, some people are called "Petukh" (cock) because of their belligerence, while others are called "Juravle" (crane) because of their long legs. These nicknames gradually become surnames-Petuhoff, Zhuravlev, etc.

Russian surnames can not only be evolved from nicknames, but also various forms of names can be used as the basis of surnames, which makes Russian surnames more diverse. "Vassili" is a popular Russian name, which comes from Greek. This name and its various forms make up more than 50 surnames with different emotional colors, and the name "Ivan" can make up more than 100 different surnames. There are also many Russian surnames that are made up of father surnames.

The surnames of Russian clergy are quite distinctive. Some of them use the names of the churches they serve as surnames, such as Trotsky (Three Saints Church) and Bo Golov (Notre Dame Church). Many priests' surnames often end in-ский (й), which is an imitation of Ukrainian and Belarusian surnames, because at that time, many priests in Ukraine and Belarus were working in church management departments or teaching in church schools, and surnames ending in-ский were the most typical surnames of clergy. Some children already have surnames, but once they enter the church school, the original surnames are followed by-ский, for example, Ivanov becomes Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovsky; If the child has no last name, add-ский after the father's name. If his father's name is Fedoroff, his surname is Fedorowski. Sometimes the root of surname is translated into Latin, and-ский is added. For example, Nadeshkin originally meant "hope" and translated into Latin as "spero", so it became Laszki.

Surnames ending in-are usually derived from regional names. If someone was born in a village called Belozovo, his surname can be Belozovski. Many ancient archduke often took the territory under their jurisdiction as their surname. Some surnames ending in-ич were transformed from Belarus, such as Staseyevich and Matusheevich. Surnames ending in-цх and-ых, such as Cherleh and Lekikh, are very popular in Siberia.

You can often see foreign surnames in Russia. People in many other countries keep their foreign surnames after marrying Russian wives. In addition, many ethnic minorities who speak different languages have lived in Russia since ancient times. They live with Russians, and in many cases, they keep their own names and pass them down from generation to generation as surnames. However, with the passage of time, some foreign surnames have also been russized. For example, the Italian surname "Cecelli" became "Cecelin"; The Hungarian surname "Karash" became "Kara Schouw" and later became "Karachev". The surnames of ethnic minorities are similar, for example, the Tatar's first name "Mohan" evolved into "Mukhanov", and so on.

Serfs began to acquire surnames after liberation, so it can be considered that the late19th century is a new period when all Russian residents began to have surnames. At this time, some farmers were given the surname of the former landlord, and a surname appeared in the village; Some farmers get common surnames in their documents, that is, nicknames of the whole family; Some farmers changed their fathers' names to surnames. The whole process is extremely complicated, and many people don't have surnames yet. When all Russian residents registered in 1897, almost 75% of rural residents did not have surnames, and they were only content to take familiar so-called common surnames or nicknames for their best neighbors, relatives and friends. Until the 1920s and 1930s, almost half of the rural population did not have real surnames, and it was not until February, 1932, 1933, 1933 that they had surnames. It can be said that only in this way can the process of obtaining Russian surnames be completed.

It should be pointed out that the personal names of the protagonists in many literary masterpieces, especially surnames, have literary connotations, and their choices are not accidental. When the author gives the protagonist a name and surname, he usually injects some characteristics and presents different colors with the author's intention. For example, the name "Marcia Lin" in Gerry Bao Ye's Clever Mistake comes from the verb молчая (silence). Obviously, this character likes to be silent, saying nothing in front of the boss and trying to please him.

In his works, "Marcia Lin" became the embodiment of slave psychology to curry favor with the boss. The protagonist "onegin" in Pushkin's masterpiece "yevgeny onegin" evolved from the name of a river that flows through the north and flows into the White Sea. The author chose this name to emphasize yevgeny's rigorous personality, cold heart and over-rational wisdom. Therefore, the surname of the hero in literary works has special significance.

Although there are many surnames in Russia, there are not many commonly used surnames. According to the information of Moscow Address Information Office, among the 9 million people in the capital, there are more than 1 10000 people surnamed Ivanov, about 60,000 people surnamed Petrov and more than 25,000 people surnamed Sidoroff. These three surnames are also the most in Russia, while fewer people have other surnames. The shortest and rarest surname is a Russian letter "O" (O), and there is only one person in Moscow.

According to Russian custom, a woman usually takes her husband's surname after marriage. Of course, the surname should be feminine, and the first name and the father name should remain the same. However, some people still keep their original surnames, and a few people use their husbands' surnames with conjunctions in the middle.

Brothers and sisters of the same family have the same father's name, but due to different genders, their expressions are different, mainly in the change of suffixes. The male father's name is followed by a masculine suffix, most of which is "Vicky"; A female father's name is followed by a suffix indicating femininity, most of which is "Fu Na". The suffix of male surnames is mostly "Fu" and "Tian", while the suffix of female surnames is mostly "Baby" and "Kaya". For example, if a sibling's father is Ivanov, their father's first and last names are Ivanov (male) and Ivanovna ivanova (female).

Third, the use of names and aliases.

(A) the use of place names

The full name of Russian is used in formal occasions. The full name has three parts, and the order is generally: first name+father name+last name. Due to different situations, this order can be changed, and sometimes surnames come first, which is not uncommon in recent years. Each part of the full name has its own characteristics and scope of action. First names are used to distinguish people in acquaintance circles or families, surnames are used to help distinguish members of this family from members of another family, and fathers' names are used to express the relationship between children and fathers. Russians pay great attention to the use of names, and the way of using names varies with the nature and occasion of communication. Father's address is not always used, but only to show respect or emphasize the formality of the relationship between the speaker and the interlocutor when the traditional habits are strong. Nicknames or posthumous title can't be used with the father's name, for example, Mikhail Victorovici can't be said to be Misha Victorovici. Various usages are now described as follows:

First name+father name+surname, this full name form is used in very formal occasions. For example, on formal occasions, when strangers introduce each other, they usually use their full names; In official documents and various official documents, names must be written in full names, such as "Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy". In informal documents, under normal circumstances, the first name and the father name can be abbreviated, and only the first letter can be written, but the surname must be complete and cannot be abbreviated, such as "л H Tolstoy", and the parts are separated by dots. When translating, the first syllable is translated, that is, "Lieny Tolstoy". Abbreviations can be read without reading, and must be read through if necessary.

First name+father name, which is the formal form of addressing each other in Russian. In the work group, people who are friendly and familiar with each other can use their own names directly in their daily address, but if they have the nature of work, they should use a formal address, that is, the name is ten fathers; At school, students should call their teachers by their first names+their fathers' names; In family relations, young couples usually address each other's parents and grandparents by their first names plus their fathers' names (if the family does not stipulate the use of fathers' or mothers' names); For relatives who are far away, you should also use the first name+father name. In short, for superiors, elders, people with higher status, or married women, in order to show respect for each other, they are all called by their first names plus their father's names. This title can also mean polite or the relationship between the two parties is average.

First name+surname is a more formal title, which can be used in various occasions and is widely used. After a person becomes a celebrity, he has a certain social prestige, and generally uses his first name and ten surnames; In similar situations, such as posters, broadcasts, theater announcements, etc. , actors, writers, athletes' first names+surnames are commonly used; Journalists, writers, etc. Generally, you only sign your first name and surname on your own reports, photos, texts and other works.

Besides, when introducing ourselves to each other, we often only use surnames, such as "Let me introduce myself, my last name is Petrov, and I am an English teacher". College students only use first names, children only use first names, and most of them use nicknames. When adults introduce themselves to children, they usually only say their names according to their habits. Older people usually only use surnames to address young people, teachers to address students, officers to address soldiers, technicians to address young workers and so on. But if it is a formal address, the form of first name+last name is generally adopted.

Surname Mr. Jia, comrade, or used with words such as professional title and position, is a formulaic title, which has no meaning and is widely used. It can be used in some serious and formal occasions, such as meeting colleagues at work and making phone calls to emphasize the formality of interpersonal relationships. It can also be used in other informal occasions, such as on the street and on the bus. This title can also be used for people who are not familiar with their own names and their fathers' names. However, when surnames and positions are used together, they are mostly among unfamiliar people, or show some respect to people with more prestige, such as President Yeltsin. But name, first name+father name and full name cannot be used with words such as Mr. and Comrade. It was only in a certain period, that is, the revolutionary era, that the name Ten Comrades was used together to emphasize that this person belongs to the Party.

The father's address can be used alone, not his name. In this case, the speaker wants to emphasize the special relationship with someone, which is full of affection and love. For example, in Gorky's novel Mother, the heroine's name is Nilovna, which is not a name, but a father's name rather than a name. This usage has a long history in Russia, and there is a precedent in the ancient history book "Igor Expedition". Archduke Igor's wife's name is Yaroslavna, which is not a name, but a real father's name. In spoken language. People only call old people with life experience by their father's name, which has a special honorific color and an ancient taste. However, although students have great respect for their teachers, in terms of etiquette, they can't just call their father's name. Old people, especially those in rural areas, often only use their fathers' names to match each other, but this situation is mainly used in spoken English. You can't just call a young man's father by his first name, because it is equivalent to calling a young man's grandfather or grandmother, which is very ridiculous. Therefore, people should not call their father's name casually, but should use it appropriately.

Relatives and friends usually call each other by their first names, but young people rarely use their first names to match the old, but use their first names plus their father's names to show courtesy and respect.

Nicknames and nicknames are used between people who are closely related, and they are often mixed, depending on the relationship, habits and situation of both parties, and there is no strict difference. Old people often use nicknames, and young people use nicknames.

Nicknames are more casual and impolite names in daily life, which have different meanings with the relationship and tone of users. Among uninhibited friends, it is an informal title, indicating that the relationship between the two sides is extremely close and harmonious; Used between people who are not close to each other, it often shows a certain degree of contempt for each other.

(2) Alias

In life, for some reasons, some people have to hide their real names and use aliases. The word "alias" comes from Greek, which means pseudonym. But in fact, many pseudonyms are almost not pseudonyms now, but have actually become real names. The real name on the certificate is only true from the legal point of view, and the aliases widely recognized by the society are also real names. Boris Polevoi, the author of Real Men, whose real registered surname is Kampov, is only his pen name, but for readers, his real surname is Polevoi, not Kampov. Vladimir ilych Lenin, Lenin's surname is also an alias, and his real surname is Marijan Novo; Maxim Gorky is also an alias, one of many aliases used by Alexei Maxim Peter Skov when he started his literary career. These aliases are very famous at home and abroad, so there is often an interesting phenomenon that aliases crowd out real names.

The people who use aliases most often are writers and actors. Before the October Revolution, the nobles thought it was despicable to perform on stage, but the magic of the theater and the unusual career of the actors attracted young men and women from aristocratic families. In order not to lose face to their parents and family, they had to change their real names when they took part in theater work. Stanislavski, a famous drama artist, whose real name is Alexei, first used a pseudonym in a performance in June 1885. This habit of using aliases has been handed down for different reasons. A writer or poet, sometimes because of holding public office or other reasons, can't openly admit his authorship and has to publish his works under a pseudonym. For example, M.E. Saltikoff is a lieutenant governor. When he published his novel, he used the pen name Schederin. Most readers know his compound surname-Saltikoff Schederin. Many modern Russian writers and journalists also have aliases, especially journalists. It has become a tradition that they often publish more than two articles in the same journal under pseudonyms, and one of them often uses his real name. However, the creative group rarely uses pseudonyms.