What tests are needed for nipple discharge?

Nipple discharge is also a relatively common breast disease. What are the main examination methods? In addition to detailed medical history, comprehensive physical examination and observation of the nature of discharge, currently commonly used diagnostic methods are: 1. Ultrasound imaging. Imaging examination: mainly used to determine whether there are changes in the breast ducts; whether there are lumps in the breast, and to identify whether the lump is cystic or substantial. Cystic masses can sometimes undergo needle aspiration under the guidance of ultrasound imaging. If the fluid is aspirated, surgery may not be necessary. 2. Mammography: Mammography can detect duct A in situ, which is mainly characterized by thickening of the duct shadow and tiny calcifications; selective breast ductography can detect duct ectasia or breast cystic hyperplasia. It has diagnostic value for breast disease and intraductal papilloma. 3. Other imaging diagnostic methods: CT and MRI examinations are helpful in diagnosing the cause of nipple discharge, especially for intraductal papilloma and intraductal A with high accuracy; this examination can be used as a basis for mammography Supplementary, but not as a routine inspection method. 4. Breast duct endoscopy: Breast duct endoscopy is the main examination method for breast duct discharge. It can directly observe whether the breast ducts are expanded, the duct epithelium and various conditions in the duct lumen, such as: breast duct ducts Wall stiffness, partial disappearance of whorl-like folds, lumen stenosis or even atresia, tumor surface bleeding, and characteristic manifestations of duct A. During breast ductoscopy, various treatments can be performed based on judgment, and the tumor lesions in the ducts seen can be directly located, sampled, and biopsied. 5. Fine-needle aspiration cytology: Patients with nipple discharge and breast tumors should undergo fine-needle aspiration. Puncture biopsy can be performed under imaging positioning, and corresponding surgery can be performed based on pathological diagnosis. 6. Exfoliative cytology examination: Exfoliation cytology examination is feasible for patients with nipple discharge, especially bloody discharge or single-duct discharge. Exfoliation cytology examination is helpful in diagnosing the cause. However, the diagnostic accuracy is low. 7. Biopsy tissue resection: For nipple discharge with tiny lesions, dye can be localized under imaging positioning or local injection of dye into the discharge duct, and the tissue or gland segment can be removed for pathological diagnosis.