How do American officials explain the question "We have never landed on the moon"

July 24th, 33 years ago, was a big day, because American astronauts returned to Earth after their first landing on the moon on July 20th. However, it has always been said that humans have never landed on the moon, and the photos and images of astronauts walking on the moon and planting American flags are all "moon landing scams" made by NASA. They even claim to have found out who is behind the scenes! Whether it is true or not, the debate has not stopped.

Ever since astronaut Armstrong landed on the moon for the first time on July 20, 1969,/kloc-0, conspiracy theories have been popping up, questioning that the moon is fake. It is just a desert in Nevada in the western United States or a scene of Disney Film Factory. The light and shadow on the surface of the moon are just the lights of movies, etc. All the scenes about landing on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s were "lunar scams" issued by NASA.

The national flag will move without wind.

In recent years, the term "moon landing scam" has been heated up again, and famous writers and TV programs have taken it as a topic. Even the American fox network filmed a special program on it last year to explore whether American astronauts really landed on the moon, making the "moon landing scam" a hot topic again.

Supporters of the conspiracy theory of "moon landing scam" raised many doubts, which once stunned the outside world because of their noses and eyes. However, in order to excuse the human landing on the moon, some people refute it point by point.

One of the most famous doubts put forward by conspiracy theorists is that the American flag planted by astronauts on the moon will swing for a long time after letting go, indicating that there is wind at the scene, that is, there is air, indicating that astronauts are on the earth.

But the retort explained that it was an L-shaped flagpole made of aluminum and gold. When astronauts plant the flag, because the moon is hard in geology, they have to twist hard to plant the flag, so this twisting, coupled with the vibration caused by the elasticity of the flagpole itself, will cause the flag to swing.

According to the first law of Newton's mechanics, "the mover is always moving, and the static is always static", the national flag can swing for a long time without the buffer of air in a vacuum environment.

The high temperature does not hinder taking pictures.

Conspiracy theorists also questioned the collapse of the moon landing photos, because the astronauts' shadows were different in length, and the objects reflected strong light at close range, indicating that there was more than one light source at the scene.

They said that because there is only one light source on the surface of the moon, and it is not illuminated at close range, the other light source must have come to take a selfie spotlight, on the grounds that landing on the moon is fake. However, this statement was denied, and the rebuttal explained that the uneven surface of the moon formed shadows of different lengths.

They also questioned the impossibility of shooting on the moon, because under direct sunlight, the temperature of the moon can be as high as 250 to 280 degrees Fahrenheit (about 12 1 to 138 degrees Celsius), and the film has already dissolved. However, they didn't know that the astronauts used special film.

In fact, the arguments put forward by conspiracy theorists are often based on their limited understanding of photography as a medium and their little knowledge of the moon landing plan, so all their other questions are refuted one by one.

The Soviet Union will expose it.

Professionals said that the "moon landing scam" was not credible, because the United States and the Soviet Union were sworn enemies at that time, and the Soviet Union had been closely monitoring every step of the Apollo program. If it finds something wrong, it will immediately expose the United States.

Huang, assistant curator of the Hong Kong Space Museum, pointed out: "At that time, the United States and the Soviet Union were in the cold war. If the United States fakes it, the Soviet Union will definitely take the opportunity to expose it, and the Soviet Union has unmanned spacecraft on the moon. If it is a scam, the Soviet Union can't have missed it! "

Another ironclad fact is that the United States really brought the moon rocks back to Earth. "The moon rock was handed over to scientists all over the world for research. If it was fake, it would have been destroyed. " Some "conspiracy theory" refuters said: "These absurd remarks are an insult to those who gave their lives for the human landing on the moon!"

The father of deception wrote books and made statements.

One of the driving forces behind the "moon landing scam" is Bill Cassin, known as the "father of the moon landing scam". He and an English photographer, David Percy, wrote a book "We have never landed on the moon".

Bill Cassim 1957 worked for Rockdyne, one of the manufacturers of the lunar module. Although he left before the start of the 1963 Helios project, he claimed to be familiar with the details of the Helios scam. However, the questioning of photo fraud shows that he is completely a layman in photography. In order to strengthen the credibility of his work, he claimed that he had invited many anonymous experts to help.

In addition, photographer David Percy, a member of the Royal Photographic Society, pointed out the flaws in the photos of the moon landing as a photography expert. However, David has also been criticized by outsiders for not knowing photography skills. Other supporters of the moon landing scam include the astronaut who claimed to have filmed Apollo 1 1, the journalist Bart Sebrell who made fake footprints on the spaceship, and the self-taught engineer Ralph Rene.

Get rid of doubts one by one

Support the statement of "moon landing scam"

1. After the astronauts let go, the national flagpole still swayed for a long time.

2. In the TV transmission picture of Apollo 17, two astronauts entered the camera at the same time, but the two shadows were different in length and orientation, which proved that there were different light sources at the scene.

3. When Apollo 16 astronaut john young stood on the moon and saluted the national flag, he couldn't photograph the stars in the background, and he had no shadow.

There seems to be a C on a stone in the close-up of the photo, which is obviously a movie prop.

5. In the transmission images of Helios 14 and 17, the astronaut's visor reflects strong light, which is the reflection of spotlight, proving that the scene is just a set.

Refuting the theory of "moon landing scam"

1. Astronauts twist hard when inserting the flag, coupled with the vibration generated by the elasticity of the aluminum flagpole itself, and twist together, which will cause the flag to swing. In a vacuum environment, the national flag can swing for a long time without the buffer of air.

The surface of the moon is uneven, so the shadow length is different. Hasselblad camera with 60mm Bio-Gon wide-angle lens used by astronauts will also distort the original balanced shadow.

3. No star is the problem of film exposure. If you want to photograph the stars, everything on the moon will be overexposed. There is no shadow because john young is not standing on the ground, but jumping in the semi-real air, so the shadow is only a few feet away from his body.

Looking closely under the microscope, the letter C is just the shadow of a hair or clothing fiber on photographic paper.

This reflection is caused by some permanent glassy substances on the horizon of the moon.