What are the traditional cultural elements and characteristics of Jieyang?

Everyone is curious about the local traditional culture and the traditional cultural characteristics of each province. After a long history and years, the province has been developing and inheriting, and there are many rich folk cultural interactions, forming familiar local cultural characteristics. I sorted out the relevant contents, hoping to help you.

Jieyang Traditional Cultural Elements and Customs (1) Festival

1, Spring Festival

The first month of the summer calendar is a new moon, which used to be called "China New Year". Early in the morning, Chaoshan people will visit relatives and friends, which is called "Happy New Year". New Year greeting

As usual, bring "Daji" (that is, oranges are bigger than oranges, so they are called "Daji"), which is even auspicious. The host of the interview should also give back "Daji" as an auspicious sign, and say "Happy New Year" and "Congratulations on getting rich" to each other as auspicious signs. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, according to Jieyang tradition, most people have breakfast to show their respect and honesty to the Buddha. During the Spring Festival, entertainment activities such as lion dance, solve riddles on the lanterns, flag flying and Chaozhou gongs and drums were organized in both urban and rural areas. In addition, adults will also give lucky money to the elderly and children.

People won the festival.

The seventh day of the first month is a day for people, that is, people win festivals Q&A Custom by Dong Xun and Jin Ichiro, Nu Wa started the world, the first day was a chicken, the second day was a dog, the third day was a pig, the fourth day was a sheep, the fifth day was a cow, the sixth day was a horse, and the seventh day was a man. On that day, people cooked seven kinds of vegetables together into soup, which means eating seven kinds of vegetables (also called "seven kinds of soup"). These seven dishes are usually radish, Chinese cabbage, onion, garlic, leek, celery and spring vegetables. Because radish is "white"; Leek, commonly known as long dish, is "rejuvenated all year round" like spring dish; Onions are "smart"; Celery is diligent; Garlic, thick combination "everything is cost-effective"), can get wealth and profits.

Step 3: Go out of the garden.

In Jieyang Chaozhou-speaking area, all men and women aged 15 usually stop the ceremony of "going out of the garden" on the seventh day of July in the past summer calendar to show that they have grown up. Similar to the contemporary "Adult Festival". When leaving the garden, grandpa's family gave his grandson a "garden ceremony". Generally, there are red rooster, red tiles and fermented fruits. Prepare more cloth or meat and eggs for the neighbors. The Xi family set up a sacrificial ceremony to "worship the parents in-laws" (as usual, at four or five o'clock in the morning). On that day, children eat sweet pills, red eggs and sweet pork liver, which means they are full of energy. "Biting the head of a chicken" is an indispensable ceremony on the table when you leave the garden, which indicates that you have reached adulthood.

4. Mid-Autumn Festival

On the fifteenth day of August in the summer calendar, in the evening, families get together to eat moon cakes, eat fruits and enjoy the moon. There must be three kinds of folk Mid-Autumn Festival products in this area: moon cakes, taro and grapefruit. According to legend, in the early Yuan Dynasty, the rulers forced every Han family to have a Yuan soldier. Yuan activists were dissatisfied with their oppression, so they borrowed moon cakes to pass books and agreed to kill their "Fan Yuan" at some time on the Mid-Autumn Festival night, which was a success overnight. At that time, the Han people called Yuan Bing "Tartars", so peeling taro in Mid-Autumn Festival was called "peeling ghosts" and peeling grapefruit to eat meat was called "eating ghost meat". There are also activities such as "Yue Bai", swinging and burning tile towers.

5. Winter festivals

The winter solstice in the summer calendar is a winter festival, commonly known as "off-year". In the old winter festival, gods and ancestors should be sacrificed, and glutinous rice balls must be included in the sacrifice to show a happy reunion. There is a folk saying that "if you eat a round winter festival, you will be one year older." Sticking dumplings on utensils, pillars and cows to pray for a bumper harvest is also effective.

(2) Kung Fu tea art

Chaoshan kungfu tea has the characteristics of "harmony, love, precision, cleanliness and thinking", while Jieyang's tea art is mainly about making tea, with strict kung fu norms, which are called eight steps: taking tea, waiting for soup, brewing, scraping foam, pouring cans, scalding cups, washing cups and sieving points, that is, first starting a fire in the mud stove, washing water with a sand shovel and fanning the stove. Next, pour the tea paper and divide it into thickness. The thickest one is filled in the drip hole at the bottom of the tank, followed by the thin one, filled in the middle layer and sprinkled with slightly thicker leaves. Then, lift the hammer, scrape off the lid, pour the lid to catch up with the heat, and "beaker (commonly known as teacup) hot pot" before sprinkling tea. There are two formulas when sprinkling tea, which are called "Guan Gong patrolling the city" and "Han Xin ordering soldiers". When drinking tea, take the hot end, the rim of the cup is connected with the lips, the cup faces the nose, and the fragrance is all here. After drinking, smell the bottom of the cup, appreciate the lingering fragrance and appreciate its breath.

(3) Dragon Boat Race

Jieyang Dragon Boat Race has a long history. Jieyang, known as the water town, is surrounded by criss-crossing streams. Rongjiang, Lianjiang and Longjiang are good places to row dragon boats because of their long water depth, wide river surface and calm waters. Dragon boat racing has been going on for generations. Jieyang Dragon Boat is the longest and largest among the cities and counties in Chaoshan: the length is 32 meters, the width is 1.5 meters, the paddles are 25 pairs, and the rudder is 1 piece. Jieyang Dragon Boat is beautiful in appearance, magnificent in style, thin in neck, high in head, majestic and handsome. From construction to launching the dragon boat, launching the dragon boat and taking part in the competition, all kinds of ceremonies should be stopped, and the ceremonies should be steady and exquisite. In the old days, there was a common saying of "dragon boat gongs and drums play", which meant dragon boat racing, camping (swimming) gongs and drums, and doing big dramas. Every year before the Dragon Boat Festival, the dragon boat stops when it falls into the water, which is called "rowing test". Ding Richang, a former governor of Fujian in the late Qing Dynasty, suggested that the dragon boat teams in Chaoyang, Puning and Jieyang should host the event when he stayed in Jieyang in his later years, and invited them to stop the race in the South River of Rongjiang. As a result, Jieyang Red Cotton Boat won the championship, and Ding Richang awarded the red velvet banner of "Imperial Ding Shang".

(D) Chaozhou Opera

Chaozhou opera is a local opera in Chaoshan, which is sung in Chaoshan dialect. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Jieyang Chaozhou Opera had local unique repertoires such as Li Jing Ji and Su six niang.

Chaozhou Opera is distributed in eastern Guangdong, southern Fujian, Taiwan Province Province, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam and other countries where hipsters live together. The singing method combines the two systems of Qupai couplets and plate variants, and maintains the situation that one person sings together, two or three people sing together, and the song ends to help sing. Music is divided into light 36, heavy 36, lively 5 and contrast, with folk gongs and drums, temple fair music, folk tunes and so on. Musical instruments include suona, flute, Erxian, Huxian and dulcimer, and gongs and drums include big gong, small gong and Su gong. In the later period of foot color, there are seven corners, such as life, Dan, ugliness, appearance, stickiness, end and purity, which grow into ten ugliness, seven Dan, five life and three purity, among which ugly Dan performance is the most distinctive.

(5) Marriage

In the old days, Jieyang's wedding customs had to go through six rules, such as asking names, Najib, winning prizes, inviting parties, accepting levies and welcoming relatives, which were called "six rituals". In some places, there is a custom that daughters sleep on straw mats on the eve of marriage. According to legend, this custom originated from a stepmother's abuse and humiliation of her predecessor's daughter in the past year.

Let him sleep like this, but this woman is rich, and later generations are also rich. Since then, people have followed suit. There are other customs, such as "Uncle Tiaoyou" and "Do Four Sentences". "Uncle Jumping Friends" means that my brother will go to the man's house with five gifts on his daughter's wedding day, which is called "Uncle Jumping Friends". "Making four sentences" refers to various wedding ceremonies. The woman's family wants to hire an old woman who is like a guest in the play and sing four "greetings" to preside over the ceremony. The four sentences are agreed upon and written on the spot, mostly rhyming and humorous. There is also the custom of uncovering the city, which is rare in other areas. In case of family funeral (usually referring to elders), the men and women who are about to get married must get married within 100 days, otherwise it is feasible to get married three years ago.

(6) Paper film

Iron puppet, also known as paper film, is commonly known as monkey play. It has been introduced to eastern Guangdong for about 700 years, and paper movies are a wonderful work of drama art in Chaoshan area. Before the late Qing Dynasty, paper film was presented in the form of shadow, which was called bamboo window paper shadow. This is a dramatic situation. All kinds of figures are carved out of leather or cardboard and projected on the paper screen of the shed window by light. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the original leather or paper airplane sculpture had become a three-dimensional puppet. The puppet wore a wire on its back and hands for holding performances. Paper shadows were changed into puppets, but hipsters used to call them paper movies.

Paper movies are also local operas, all of which belong to Yin Chao, including orthographic operas and Yin Chao operas. During the paper film performance, there were only five or seven people on the stage, covering all kinds of performances and drum music, such as life, Dan, clean and ugly. Therefore, there is a popular saying that "drums are beaten by hand, gongs are beaten by feet, songs are sung by mouth, and the head is hit by deep waves".

(7) Square culture

1, the custom of herding pigs and sheep

Pasturing pigs and sheep is a customary activity for villagers in Shuolian Village, Xinheng Town, Jiedong County to worship Zhao Gongming, the God of Wealth and Guan Gong on the 16th and 17th day of the first lunar month. Ten natural villages under Shuolian Village (commonly known as Ten Societies) take turns to be responsible, and it is each natural village's turn to put pigs and sheep. Through this process, the villagers will stage a series of pig and sheep custom activities every year to celebrate the rich and healthy life in the past year, and pray for good weather, prosperous business, good luck and a complete life in the new year.

The custom of herding pigs and sheep in Shuolian Village originated in the middle of Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 500 years. Every year, the management organization begins to make preparations the year before, and raises pigs and sheep by itself. On the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, every household puts up lanterns and decorations, kills big boars and rams, and then puts them on the wooden frame in the shape of "Hui". The pig's mouth and sheep's mouth are stuffed with oranges, and the words "good luck" or "double happiness" are pasted on the pig's body and sheep's body to indicate good luck. Nearly 1,000 pigs and sheep in the village are placed in layers, which is very ostentatious and unsightly. During the event, there are also cultural activities such as lion dance, flag drum team, Chaozhou opera performance and lantern festival competition.

Step 2 sing and dance

Song and dance is a kind of folk square dance which combines dance, Nanquan routine and opera performance. The performance was magnificent and the air was strong. According to legend, song and dance began in the Ming Dynasty, based on the story of Water Margin, and the Lantern Festival in Iron Man brought disaster to Taifu.

Things. The dance team is divided into a front shed and a back shed. The front shed usually consists of 36 people, and the shed consists of 65,438+008 people. Everyone holds a pair of colored wooden sticks, and with the beat of gongs and drums and shouts, they wave the double sticks to flip and beat, dance while walking and shout step by step. Team changes or "long snakes advance", or "two dragons go out to sea", "four tigers drive together" or ". There are many people in the back shed, but no more than 72 people, dressed as various jugglers to perform with the front shed.

Jieyang song and dance has a history of more than 300 years, which is popular in Puning and Jiedong areas, among which Puning song and dance is the most famous, and is known as the "hometown of song and dance".

3. Touring God Championship

In Jieyang area, there are the most God of City God and God of Guandi. The old custom is that in the first month of each year, the gentlemen in the city and the person in charge of the museum first choose auspicious days to worship God. There are many kinds of wandering gods, the big ones are equipped with high-gloss colorful flags, lanterns, decorations, lion dance teams, big friends, big gongs and drums, flute sets, songs and dances, etc. The township is despicable, the village is out of date, and the establishment is similar. When you wander, you will be accompanied by a big drama called "Divine Drama". It is said that it is specially performed for immortals, so the stage is located in front of the temple. Most of the old customs competitions stop in September every year, but some of them stop on social celebration days in the village. During the sports meeting, villages worship the gods they believe in, and prepare "three sacrifices" and "five sacrifices" and various works of art extracted from food, such as all kinds of birds, exotic flowers and grasses, glutinous rice flour, etc., and list them one by one in front of the altar, which is not only a sacrifice to the gods, but also a competition to see who is skilled.

4. The burning dragon

Jieyang dragon burning began in the ancient bridge, the capital of Panxi in Ming Dynasty, that is, the west, east and south of Pandong today. It has developed into the largest folk art activity in Jieyang. According to its traditional custom, Youlong begins to welcome the spring from the second day of the first month of the summer calendar every year, and the dragon will be burned at the end of the tenth night. Colorful dragons are full of cooking flames and lifted by a group of young and strong men. When the dragon was burned, it jumped and danced with the sound of gongs, drums and firecrackers, spit out fireballs and sprayed cooking flames. It is colorful, smart, extremely strong and unsightly. In addition, it is still cold when the dragon is burned, and the dragon dancers only wear shorts and are coated with vegetable oil (Mars is easy to fall off). Under the fire, the whole body glowed red, which became another spectacle when the dragon was burned to death. Legend has it that the activity of burning dragons is to pray for good weather and good harvests in the past.

5, line color bridge

Caiqiao is a folk custom of praying for blessings in Jieyang with a long history, which is popular in Jieyang City and Jiedong County today. As usual, it falls between the 1 1 and the16th day of the first month of the summer calendar every year. Before the 11th National Day, it was the preparation stage, and people around us decorated all the bridges with banyan leaves, ribbons and colored lights. 1 1 day is called "Hangtou Bridge", 15 day is called "Hangtou Bridge", which is more ostentatious than Hangtou Bridge, and 16 day is called "Hangwei Bridge", which is the highest in this series. As an old saying goes, people who take part in the colorful bridge secretly pray for God's blessing. Everyone makes four sentences: "Pick banyan leaves and make a fortune every day" and "Go to the belly of overseas Chinese and marry Yamu next year".

6, unsightly lanterns.

Unscrupulous and unsightly lanterns are a folk entertainment atmosphere in Jieyang, usually around the Lantern Festival every year. Lantern Festival, also known as Shangyuan Festival, is a traditional festival in China with an early historical origin. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Jieyang County Records at the Age of Years", "Shangyuan Zhang Shudeng, setting off fireworks, pretending to be a human scene, dancing lions, solve riddles on the lanterns; A woman crosses the bridge, named Du E, or returns with a bottle, taking justice and giving birth to a man; The village set up a swing for the play, played the songs of the She nationality, and won only after singing the songs well. Tonight is a night of drinking. " Lantern Festival is very popular in Jieyang both in urban and rural areas. Before and after the festival, lanterns and drums are playing, and the city is drunk. There are lanterns everywhere, screen lamps, gauze lamps and gauze lamps.

7. The vertical lamppost rises to Cai Feng.

It is a unique habit in Chaoshan area that "the vertical lamppost rises to Caifeng" in Longsha, Jiedong County. Jiang (formerly known as Longsha) villagers in Jiedong County and its surrounding areas used it to commemorate their ancestors and patriots in the Southern Song Dynasty. "The vertical lamppost rises to Cai Feng" is a bamboo with a length of 10 meter, with bamboo leaves at the tail, and a five-color "Cai Feng" is hung above the lantern. Feng Wei and Feng are wearing red silk embroidered with gold thread, which reads "Geely" and "Happiness". Wind chimes hung under the phoenix, and the wind blew, "Cai Feng! In the daytime, a bamboo pole and a "collecting wind" are one after another, extremely strong and unsightly; Enjoy the night, lanterns and all kinds of flashing lights installed on the "Cai Feng" light up together, forming a colorful city of lights, magnificent and unsightly.

Introduction to Jieyang Jieyang City is located in the southeast of Guangdong Province, at the center of the geographical axis of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Haixi Economic Zone. 199 1 Establish a prefecture-level city to administer Rongcheng and Jiedong districts, Jiexi and Huilai counties, and manage Puning city. And set up Jieyang Industrial Park, Airport Economic Zone, Da Nanhai Petrochemical Industrial Zone, Yuedong New City and other economic functional zones, and build three major urban centers of Yuedong urban agglomeration, namely Jieyang Central City, Puning Main City, Jieyang Binhai New Area (Huilai) and Jiexi Ecology. The city has a land area of 5,240 square kilometers, a sea area of 9,300 square kilometers, a permanent population of 7.05 million, and nearly 6 million overseas Chinese, compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas folks. It is the largest and most populous prefecture-level city in eastern Guangdong.

Jieyang is the main battlefield of the east wing of Guangdong coastal economic belt. Jieyang Binhai New Area is a key platform of Guangdong coastal economic belt, which is planned and supported by Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and provincial government. It has settled in a number of major projects, such as PetroChina's annual output of 20 million tons of oil refining+2.6 million tons of aromatic hydrocarbon+65,438+200,000 tons of ethylene refining integration, Guodian's investment of 900,000 kilowatts of offshore wind power, CNOOC's integration of East Guangdong LNG, Jilin Petrochemical's annual output of 600,000 tons of ABS, Kunlun Energy LNG, GE offshore fan assembly base, and new energy comprehensive base. Relying on provincial support policies, it plans to build a new town in East Guangdong with China Merchants Group. The development framework of "one city and two parks" for Guangdong New City, Nanhai Petrochemical Industrial Zone and Huilai Lingang Industrial Park has been initially formed, and it is expected to build a new city center of Guangdong urban agglomeration and a trillion-dollar emerging industrial cluster near the port.

Jieyang is an integrated hub of the railway airport. Jieyang Chaoshan International Airport is a 4E-class trunk airport, which has opened 69 regular routes and reached 62 domestic and foreign cities. In 20 18, the passenger throughput was nearly 6.5 million, ranking 44th in China, and the traffic volume was at the same level as that of provincial capitals and sub-provincial cities. Jieyang Port is a first-class port open to the outside world, with 52 berths of various types (including 2 berths of 65,438+10,000 tons), and a number of newly-built wharves such as Qianzhan General Wharf and Nanhai Public Wharf and supporting port-dredging railways have been accelerated. Xiamen-Shenzhen High-speed Railway, Meishan Passenger Dedicated Line and Shantou High-speed Railway have set up five stations in Jieyang, which are seamlessly connected with the airport to build a transfer center. The density of expressways in the whole city is 6. 1 km/ 100 km2, ranking first in eastern Guangdong, realizing the "county-to-county expressway".

Jieyang is an important manufacturing base in Guangdong. Traditional advantageous industries such as hardware stainless steel, textile and clothing, shoemaking, medicine and jade have won the titles of China's hardware base city, China's textile industry base city, China's plastic fashion shoe capital, China's famous Chinese medicine city, Asia's jade capital, Sino-German small and medium-sized enterprise cooperation zone, national e-commerce demonstration city and China's express demonstration city, and other key industrial parks have been initially established. Large-scale professional markets such as International Clothing City, Commodity City and China Medical City, as well as innovative service platforms such as China Small and Medium Enterprise Center (Germany) and Rongjiang Laboratory in Guangdong Province are extending around the industrial chains of major projects such as green petrochemical and offshore wind power, and accelerating the construction of advanced manufacturing highlands in eastern Guangdong.