Come if you can!

The seven sons of Jian 'an refer to seven famous poets except Cao Shi and his son during the Jian 'an period in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. They are Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Liu Zhen. The name of "seven sons" began with Cao Pi's Dian Lun Paper: "Today's literati include Lu Kongju, Guangling Chen Zhang, Wang Shen, Beihai Xu, Liu Chen Ruan Yu Yuan Yu, Runan Xingyang Delian, and Dongping businessman Liu Zhen. People who have given birth to seven children have nothing to learn and nothing to write. "

Jian 'an Qizi

Kong Rong

( 153-208)

Kong Rong, a family member, the 20th grandson of Confucius, was born in Qufu, Shandong Province. When he was young, he gave a big pear to his brother and took a small pear himself, so he was a fairy. This is the story of "Kong Rong gives pears". In his early years, he joined the crusade against Dong Zhuo and later worked for Cao Cao, but he was executed for discouraging Cao Cao from attacking Liu Bei.

As the eldest son of Jian 'an, he is rich in literary talent. The only existing works are prose and poetry. Prose, such as "Recommend a Balance Sheet" and "On Xiaozhang Sheng with Cao Gong", are flowery and full of lovers' flavor; Humor in Talking with Cao Cao about Prohibition. His second poem, Miscellaneous Poems, describes the bereavement in simple terms, which is sad and moving.

Actually, Kong Rong has a family history. He was the twentieth grandson of Confucius, a native of Lu Qufu, and was later used by Cao Cao.

Lin.Chen

(? - 2 17)

Chen Lin (? -Kong Zhang, a native of Guangling (now Jiangdu, Jiangsu Province), was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, and was a minister who was good at playing tricks. Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave is his masterpiece. Taking the story of Qin building the Great Wall as an excuse, it is particularly profound to expose the suffering brought by heavy corvee to the people.

RoyceWong

( 177-2 17)

Wang Canzi Zhong Xuan, a native of Gaoping, Yang Shan (now Zouxian, Shandong), was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, with the highest achievement. His Seven Wounded Poems and Ode to the Building best represent the spirit of Jian 'an literature. One of the Seven Wounded Poems (Xijing Rebellion is nothing) describes the scene of starving women abandoning their children on their way to Chang 'an to avoid Jingzhou Rebellion, which profoundly reveals the terrible scene caused by the warlord scuffle at the end of the Han Dynasty and the profound disaster of the people, making people dumbfounded. Ode to the Building was written when I was in Chengtou, Maicheng, Jingzhou. It mainly expresses homesickness and sadness of failing to satisfy my talent. It is full of touching power and is a famous lyric poem.

Xu Gan

( 17 1-2 17)

Xu Gan, a native of Beihai (now Weifang City, Shandong Province), was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. The main work is Zhong Lun, and Cao Pi praised this book for its elegant writing, which can be handed down to future generations. "("Book with Wu ") and his love poem" Thinking Room "are also written with passion.

Ruan Yu

(? -2 12)

The word Yu, named Chen Liuwei (now Kaifeng, Henan), was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. The secretary of Zhang Biao is excellent, and his masterpiece is Writing for Tsao Gong and Sun Quan. The poem "Drive Away from the Northland" is more vivid in describing the pain of orphans being abused by their stepmother.

Yang Ying; Angelababy

(? -2 17)

Angelababy (? -2 17 years), born in Runan (now southeast of runan county, Henan Province), was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. He is good at writing poems, with dozens of essays, and his masterpiece "Poems of Zhang Taihe Standing on Five Sides" has a sad tone.

Serina Liu

(? -2 17)

Serina Liu was born in Dongping (now Dongping County, Shandong Province), one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. There are fifteen poems today, three of which are representative works. They are concise, easy to understand and good at comparison and comparison.

The Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties refer to the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Namely, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in the Tang Dynasty. Mao Kun, an anthologist in Ming Dynasty in China, compiled their works into Eight Banknotes of Tang and Song Dynasties, hence the name, and became famous for the wide spread of this anthology.

Han Zongyuan Ouyang Su Xiu Xun

Su Zhe Wang Anshi Zhe

The so-called eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties refer to Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Ceng Gong, Wang Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe in Song Dynasty. Their achievements are mainly in prose, so they are also called "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Their articles not only shocked the Tang and Song literary circles, but also set a good example for later prose.

The "ancient prose movement" advocated by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan has become a trend in the literary world with the call of getting rid of the disadvantages of elegant carving since the Six Dynasties, writing flashy works and establishing a new style of writing. European writers in Song Dynasty, such as Zeng, Wang and Su, inherited the tradition of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty and opened up the field of prose creation. Therefore, it can be said that the ancient prose works of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" represent the highest achievement of the prose in Tang and Song Dynasties.

Li Bai is famous for his poems.

The four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty refer to Luo, Yang Jiong and Lu. They were all talented poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. The four gifted scholars became famous early, and gained the reputation of "four outstanding poets" in their youth.

In the history of Tang poetry, they are pioneers who dare to reform the poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties. Tang Taizong likes palace poems, and his poems are mostly romantic, with obvious traces of Qi Liang's palace poems. Shangshuling Shangguan Yi also inherited the legacy of Sui Chen, and his works were all the rage, and scholars rushed to follow suit, which was called "Shangguan Style" in the world.

When Qi Liang's formalistic poetic style was still dominant in the poetic world, the "Four Masters" stepped forward. Wang Bo first stood up against this unhealthy trend in the early Tang Dynasty, and then the other three also stood up in response and joined in the creative activities against "Shangguan Style".

They tried to break through the cage of the legacy of Qi and Liang Dynasties and the "official style", and moved poetry from a narrow court to a vast market, from a narrow pavilion to a vast border of mountains and rivers, which opened up the theme of poetry, enriched the content of poetry, endowed poetry with new vitality, improved the ideological significance of poetry at that time, showed a new poetic style, and promoted the development of poetry in the early Tang Dynasty towards a healthy road. Generally speaking, the contribution of the four outstanding poets to the development of Tang poetry is mainly manifested in the following two aspects:

First of all, it is manifested in the theme and content of the works, including poems describing history and things, as well as landscape poems, such as Wang Bo's Wang Tengge. Or express the feelings of parting, such as Wang Bo's "Send Du Shaofu Shu Biography", which is a famous article that has been told through the ages; And Luo's "Yu Yishui gives away". Some people praise recruiting people to be stationed in remote areas, some describe recruiting husbands and thinking about women, and some express sympathy for unfortunate women. All four people are talented and have low status, which makes them closer to social reality, so poetry is often used to expose some social phenomena.

Four outstanding poets changed the bad poetic style left by Qi Liang with their own creative practice and achieved certain results.

Secondly, the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty laid the foundation for the five-character poem and made it mature. Five-character method appeared before the "Four Great Masters". Wang Ji, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, made some efforts, but his works were not many. It was not until the "four great masters" that the five laws were fully developed and gradually fixed in their works. The "Four Masters" laid a good foundation for the later metrical poems of Shen Quan and Song Dynasty because of their large number and high quality.

Five-character ancient poems flourished after the Three Kingdoms period, while seven-character ancient poems did not prosper until the Tang Dynasty. The four masters (Yang Jiong without seven-character poems) pushed the seven-character ancient poems to a mature stage with a large number of excellent works. Therefore, the achievements of the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty in the development of poetic forms are worthy of full recognition. Among the four people, each has its own emphasis. Wang and Yang are good at five laws, while Lu and Luo are good at seven ancient times. They played an important role in the history of literature. Du Fu, a great realistic poet, highly praised "Cao Jie".

Cao Cao and Wei Wudi are good at classical poetry. They are ambitious and far-sighted.

Cao Pi Wei Wendi Jian 'an Literati

Cao Zhi and Chen's representative works "Luoshen Fu" and "White Horse"

"Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou" is the general name of a group of painters and calligraphers with similar styles who lived in Yangzhou in the middle of Qing Dynasty in China. They are also called Yangzhou School of Painting. There are eight people in Yangzhou Eight Monsters. They are Jin Nong, Li, Li Shan, Huang Shen, Zheng Xie, Gao Xiang and Wang. Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics are mostly middle and lower intellectuals. Some of them are dismissed state and county officials, some are scribes who have not achieved fame, and some are poor painters who make a living by painting. They either grew up in Yangzhou or came here to live for other provinces, and each had a bumpy experience. They have gathered in Yangzhou to sell their paintings and calligraphy works in Yangzhou's prosperous painting and calligraphy market.

"Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" are a group of intellectuals with a sense of justice. They all know the corruption of officialdom and the extortion of wealthy businessmen. Faced with the difference between the rich and the poor in real life, combined with their own experiences, they have a strong dissatisfaction with society. They often show deep sympathy for the suffering people and make angry voices on their behalf. However, because they were educated by feudal culture, and the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday, their feelings and dissatisfaction could not break through the barriers of feudal thought. Among them, officials worked hard to build a number to let the people live and work in peace and contentment in order to maintain feudal order. If you have no intention of officialdom, you will lead an honest and clean life, which is not customary and flaunts that you have lofty ideals. And they can't get rid of the economic dependence on landlords, officials and businessmen, so they are often in extreme pain of ideological contradictions and have to compromise to survive outside cynicism. Zheng Xie, the representative of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou, left many comments, which can be described as a thinker among the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou. The contradiction in Shan Li's works is the most painful and intense, and he has become the main target of attack.

The most prominent feature of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" in artistic view is its emphasis on individual expression. They advocate original style and "independence". They openly declared that their works were for selling money to make a living, tearing the veil that literati and painters once regarded painting creation as "elegant things". On the theme of their works, on the one hand, they inherited the tradition of literati painting, taking plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine and stone as the main description objects to show the lofty, aloof and vulgar painters. On the other hand, they also use symbolism, metaphor and metaphor to write poems, which endows their works with profound social content and unique ideological expression. For example, Li's "Wind Bamboo Map" symbolizes stubborn and unyielding character with strong bamboo that is not afraid of strong winds; Huang Shen's "Seeking a Picture" and Luo Pin's "Selling Cattle Songs" show their careful observation of the real society, which directly or indirectly shows social injustice. In terms of painting style, Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics mainly inherited the freehand brushwork techniques in previous paintings, and further developed their expertise in ink painting, shaping objects in a highly concise way, not sticking to the shape of branches and leaves. In pen and ink, they are unconstrained and unconstrained, galloping freely and expressing their feelings directly. Because their works are contrary to the subtle and elegant style of flower-and-bird painting popular at that time, they are often severely criticized by critics and called "strange".

Although the art of "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou" was only popular in Yangzhou and its surrounding areas at that time, it had a far-reaching influence on inheriting and developing the traditional ink and wash freehand brushwork in China.

Most of the interests of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" are integrated into poetry, painting and calligraphy, and will never whitewash peace. They use poems and paintings to reflect people's sufferings, vent their inner anger and anguish, and express their pursuit and yearning for beautiful ideals. This is the case with Zheng Banqiao's Fierce Class, The Road of the Master and Escape from the Wilderness.

In that era when the feudal system was extremely cruel and the literary inquisition flourished, they dared to be different and unconventional. No wonder a governor shook his head and called it "strange, strange".

Deng Tuo once wrote that "the strange names of Yangzhou were blown by the Song Dynasty, and Lan Zhuying was accompanied by the sound of books", which can be regarded as a summary of their "strange" characteristics.

Jin Nong (1487- 1764), whose real name is Shoumen, whose real name is Dongxin, a native of Hangzhou, is called the head of the Eight Monsters. He is well-read and versatile. He began to paint after the age of 50 and was poor all his life. He is good at flowers and birds, landscapes and figures, especially at ink painting and plum blossom. His paintings are simple and simple in shape, elegant in layout and novel in conception. His works include Meme Map and Moon Flower Map. He created a kind of official script, calling himself "lacquer script", which has another interest.

Huang Shen (1687— 1768) was born in ninghua, Fujian. When I was a child, my family was poor and I benefited a lot from learning Huai Su's calligraphy. He painted in cursive, created his own style, was good at freehand brushwork, and had the highest attainments in figure painting. Most of the works are based on immortal Buddhism and Taoism, and there are also many works that reflect the life of the lower classes. His works include Drunk Sleep and Su Wu Pastoral.

Li Shan (1686— 1762), a native of Zongyang, was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu. He liked painting since he was a child and became famous when he was sixteen. He used to be the magistrate of Tengzhou, Shandong Province. Influenced by Xu Wei and Shi Tao, his painting style is extensive, eclectic, dripping with ink and elegant in color, so that "ink and wash blend into interest". His works include "Okra Map" and "Jade Map of Pine and cypress".

Li (1695— 1755) is a native of Nantong, Jiangsu. He served as a county magistrate and magistrate for about 20 years. Be friends with Jin Nong and Zheng Xie, and be good at painting pines, bamboos, plums and orchids. In his later years, he painted plums as a metaphor. He wrote in the poem: "This plum blossom is ordinary and there is no pen to read. The painter doesn't understand the customs at any time and is furious. " His works include Fish Tour Map and Xiaoxiang Wind Bamboo Map.

Gao Xiang (1688— 1753) was born in Yangzhou and Xitang. Gaoxiang lived a hard life and was aloof. He admired Shi Tao all his life. He is good at painting landscapes, flowers and birds, and likes to paint plum blossoms with sparse branches. His works include "Finger-flick Pavilion".

Wang (1685— 1759) was born in Xiuning, Anhui. My family was poor when I was a child. I live in Yangzhou and sell paintings for a living. I am poor and happy, studying art and good at painting plums. Together with Jin Nong and Gao Xiang, he is also known as the "Four Great Painters of Plum Blossoms", and his works include The Picture of Mei Mei.

Luo Pin (1733— 1799), whose real name is Xunfu, was originally from Shexian county, Anhui province, and moved to Yangzhou. He is a disciple of Jin Nong. He is the youngest of the eight eccentrics, but he has a high level of knowledge and extraordinary writing style. He has been an official all his life, selling paintings for a living and being down and out all his life. His works include Ghost Fun Map and Drunk Zhong Kui Map.

Zheng Xie (1693— 1765) was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu. He is a scholar of Kangxi and Yongzheng, and he is a scholar of Qianlong. He used to be the magistrate of Fanxian County and Weixian County in Shandong Province. He offended his boss by opening a warehouse to help the victims, resigned angrily and lived in Yangzhou to sell paintings for a living. He is particularly active in thought, quite original, highly accomplished in poetry and painting, and good at painting bamboo, orchids and stones. He also created a six-and-a-half-part calligraphy style that integrates original works, cursive script, official script and seal script. People call it "a street paved with stones". He is a painter with strong people's character. When he was a magistrate in Wei County, he drew a bamboo picture for the magistrate. The inscription reads: "Zhai Ya is lying listening to the drizzling bamboo, which is suspected to be the voice of the people's suffering. Some small officials in Caozhou County always care about their feelings. "

Four Great Talents in Jiangnan

Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming, Xu Zhenqing!

Zhu Yunming (1460- 1526) was a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, whose name was Xizhe and whose name was Shan Zhi. Because his right hand had an extra finger, he gave birth to his own finger. Changzhou (Suzhou), Jiangsu, was born into a Kuiru family of seven generations of officials. Together with Tang Bohu, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen).

(1470 ~ 1559), whose first name is wall, the word Ming, and the later word Zhong, Zhiyun, is a layman in Hengshan, posthumous title. Changzhou (now Suzhou) people. One of the founders of Wu Pai. Together with Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan and Xu Zhenqing, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen). It is also called "Ming Sijia" with Shen Zhou, Tang Bohu and Chou Ying. At the age of 54, at the age of 54, Gong Sheng tried to be an official. He was awarded a letter to imperial academy, so he called it a letter to be served.

Tang Yin (1470 ~ 1523), alias Bohu, was originally from Suzhou. Famous painters and writers in Ming Dynasty. Painting is as famous as Shen, Shen and Shen, and is called "Ming Sijia" in history. Poetry and prose were given to Wen Zhiming, Zhu Yunming and Xu Zhenqing, and they were called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as Wumen Four Talents), ranking first among the four talents in Jiangnan.

Xu Zhenqing (1479-151year) is called Long Valley and Guo Chang. A native of Meili Town, Changshu, he moved to Wuxian (now Suzhou). Ming dynasty writers. Together with Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan and Wen Zhiming, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen). It is praised by people because of the quatrain that "every family in Jiangzuo is rich in jade and Yangzhou is full of flowers and trees".