What are the main achievements of cross breeding of plum blossom?

More than 3,000 years ago, there were records of plums in Shennong Herbal Classic, an ancient book in China, and the benefits and medicinal effects of plums on human health were also discussed. And plum blossom is more elegant ... Plum can regulate the body, eliminate phlegm and astringent essence, stop vomiting and dysentery, and treat heat and hangover. It is a very beneficial family snack and medicine. ..

In recent years, the research field of plum blossom in China has been continuously expanded, and new achievements have been continuously introduced. Researchers have made all-round progress in seven aspects: germplasm resources, breeding, propagation and cultivation techniques, physiology, molecular biology, plum cultivation, plum application, plum and its processing, and made gratifying progress.

Although Li has been used in China for more than 7,000 years and cultivated for more than 3,000 years, it was not until modern times that the research on Li became increasingly active. Dr. Li, an associate professor at the School of Landscape Architecture of Beijing Forestry University, made a comprehensive summary of plum blossom research in China since 2003 and in recent years, and published it a few days ago.

It is known that in the study of plum germplasm resources, Li's "northward advancement" and regional test of plum varieties are particularly eye-catching. Experts discussed the possibility of plum blossom "going northward" from the aspects of origin and origin, archaeology and history, breeding achievements, germplasm infiltration, cultivation and plum blossom art, genetic diversity of grafting and climate warming, and discussed the importance and urgency of "going northward" from the aspects of history, culture and environmental greening. It is gratifying that Academician Chen Junyu and others have carried out regional experiments on cold-resistant plum blossoms in Taiyuan, Yan 'an, Shenyang, Lanzhou, Changchun and Beijing in the "Three North" areas. The results show that Yan Xing, Hou Feng, Feng Xiaohou, Song Chun and Ren Mei can be applied. Relevant researchers divided the suitable areas of cold-resistant plum varieties in the "Three North" area, and defined the northern boundary of planting and application of the most cold-resistant plum varieties in China with Chifeng in Inner Mongolia as the center. In Shenyang, which is cold in winter, Meiyuan is under construction. In order to cultivate a new plum blossom variety with cold resistance and typical plum blossom fragrance, Chen has carried out cross breeding and embryo culture experiments of plum blossom for four consecutive years, and has made important progress. Zhou Jie and others bred four plum varieties with strong cold resistance. After nearly 10 years of seedling selection in Qingdao Meiyuan, Zhang Jun and others cultivated five new types, such as "after getting rich", "dancing after getting rich", "jumping branches after getting rich", "weak after Qingdao" and "Xiaoxingmei", which were superior to the female parent in ornamental and stress resistance.

It is understood that researchers in China have also made remarkable progress in the field of physiological and ecological research of plum blossom propagation and cultivation. A gratifying breakthrough has been made in asexual propagation, tissue culture, flowering regulation, plum blossom cultivation and physiological research on leaf color and flower color. The cultivation and processing of plum is one of the focuses of researchers. Through research, the low-yield transformation technology of plum blossom was put forward, and the influence of different pruning amount of plum blossom branches on winter growth and fruiting was found, and new discoveries were also made in the prevention and control of plum blossom diseases and insect pests.

In view of the problems existing in plum industry and processing application technology, researchers have conducted in-depth research. Some have studied the best formula and production technology of fresh plum health drink, some have put forward the idea of development, utilization and deep processing of plum, some have developed new plum health jelly, and some have studied the medicinal value and biological characteristics of plum.

The research on molecular biology by researchers from Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has promoted the establishment and optimization of plum genome system. They identified 167 plum varieties according to the relevant technical system and the obtained DNA fingerprint data.

The study of Mei culture is deepening. Some experts have studied the gender characteristics of plum blossom artistic conception in female literature in Song Dynasty, and some experts have also discussed the beauty and aesthetic value of plum blossom. In the study of Mei culture in the new period, the participation of Wu Guanzhong, Guan Shanyue, Chen Junyu and others has brought new vitality to the study of Mei culture from the aspects of poetry, painting, decorative arts and photography.

Researchers have studied the effects of plum blossom on human health from two aspects: psychological reaction and physiological reaction to floral fragrance, and made beneficial attempts in aromatherapy and gardening treatment. In the application of plum blossom plant landscaping and plum blossom bonsai, many achievements have been remarkable.

When talking about Li's future research, the doctor thinks that wild plum resources should be further investigated, especially in Guizhou and Chongqing. For wild plum trees, the combination of in-situ protection and ex-situ protection is implemented to establish a gene bank of wild plum trees; Plum blossom varieties in plum blossom distribution and cultivation center should be further investigated and sorted out in order to find new varieties. Dr. Li also believes that it is necessary to step up the cultivation of cold-resistant plum varieties with typical plum fragrance that can be cultivated in the open field in the north, and cultivate shrub-like "Durmei" and plum varieties with excellent flowers and fruits that are suitable for cut flower cultivation. The main breeding approach is still distant hybridization. The regional test of cold-resistant plum blossom should be further popularized. Plum blossom promotion experiments can also be carried out in the United States, Canada and other countries.