What are the rules of formal beauty?

The law of formal beauty is an experience summary and abstract generalization of the law of formal beauty in the process of creating beautiful forms and beauty. It mainly includes: symmetrical balance, simplicity and uniformity, harmony and contrast, proportion, rhythm and diversity. Studying and exploring the laws of formal beauty can cultivate people's sensitivity to formal beauty and guide people to create beautiful things better. Mastering the law of formal beauty can make people more consciously use the law of formal beauty to express the content of beauty, and achieve a high degree of unity between the form and content of beauty.

aesthetic division, also called golden section, was first seen in ancient Greece and Egypt. The golden section is also called golden ratio and Chinese-foreign ratio, that is, a line segment is divided into two sections, A and B with different lengths, so that the ratio of long line segment A to total length (a+b) is equal to that of short line segment B to long line segment A, and the formula is A: (A+B) = B: A, and the ratio is .618339 ... This ratio is more pleasing to the eye in modeling, therefore.

The golden section rectangle itself is composed of a square and a golden section rectangle, and these two basic shapes can be divided infinitely. Because its own proportion can stimulate people's vision moderately, its length ratio just conforms to people's visual habits, so it makes people feel pleasing to the eye. The golden section is widely used in architecture, design, painting and other aspects. ?

In the development of photography technology, the essence of other art categories has been borrowed and integrated to varying degrees, so the golden section has become the most sacred concept in photography composition. The simplest method applied in aesthetics is to arrange the series 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 according to the golden section rate of .618, and from this, the ratios of countless groups such as 2: 3, 3: 5, 5: 8, 8: 13, 13: 21 can be obtained. The ratios of these numbers are all approximate values of .618, and these ratios are mainly applicable to: The trisection (also known as the well-shaped segmentation method) commonly used in photographic composition is the evolution of the golden section. The length and width of the upper square picture are divided into three equal parts, and the whole picture is divided by the well-shaped. The intersection of the well-shaped segmentation is the best position of the main body (visual center) of the picture, which is the most likely visual beauty point to induce people's visual interest.

Formal beauty is a relatively independent aesthetic object. There is a qualitative difference between it and the form of beauty. The form of beauty is the kind of free perceptual form that embodies the essential content of regularity and purpose, that is, the perceptual form that shows the essential strength of human beings. The major differences between formal beauty and beautiful forms are as follows: First, the contents they embody are different. The form of beauty embodies the beautiful content of the thing itself, which is definite, individual, specific and concrete, and the relationship between the form of beauty and its content is unity of opposites and inseparable. Formal beauty, on the other hand, embodies the content contained in the form itself, which is divorced from the content of the beauty of things that the form of beauty wants to express, but presents the vague and broad meaning contained in the form alone. Secondly, formal beauty and formal beauty exist in different ways. The form of beauty is an indispensable part of the organic unity of beauty, and it is the perceptual appearance of beauty, not an independent aesthetic object. Formal beauty is an independent aesthetic object with independent aesthetic characteristics.

The components of formal beauty are generally divided into two parts: one part is the perceptual materials that constitute formal beauty, and the other part is the combination law between the perceptual materials that constitute formal beauty, or the law of composition and formal beauty. The perceptual materials that constitute formal beauty are mainly colors, shapes, lines and sounds. The physical essence of color is light with different wavelengths, and the light that can be perceived by human visual organs is electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between 39 and 77 nanometers. Because of the different degrees of absorbing and reflecting the electromagnetic waves of light, various objects present very complicated color phenomena such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple. Color not only has hue, lightness and purity attributes, but also has chromatic differences. Color produces specific stimulating information to people's physiology and psychology, has emotional attributes and forms color beauty. For example, red usually appears warm and unrestrained, lively and enthusiastic, and excited; Blue is quiet, heavy, melancholy and sad; Green looks calm, smooth and refreshing; White is pure, white, elegant and sad; Yellow is bright, cheerful, etc. As the basic elements of the spatial image of things, shapes and lines also have distinctive emotional expression. For example, the straight line has the meaning of strength, stability, vitality and hardness; The curve is soft, smooth, light and graceful; The broken line has the meaning of softness, suddenness and turning; Square has the meaning of justice, generosity, stubbornness and rigidity; Triangle has the meaning of stability and smoothness; The inverted triangle is dangerous, turbulent and uneasy. The circle has the meaning of softness, fullness and closure. Sound is the sound produced by the movement of objects, and its physical property is vibration. Its height, strength, speed and other regular changes can also show some meaning. For example, the high-pitched voice is passionate and high-pitched, the low-pitched voice is dignified and deep, the strong voice is inspiring and enterprising, and the light voice is soft and kind. Combining color, line, shape and sound according to certain composition rules will form formal beauty such as color beauty, line beauty, shape beauty and sound beauty.

The laws of the combination of perceptual materials that constitute formal beauty, that is, the laws of formal beauty mainly include uniformity and unevenness, symmetry and balance, proportion and scale, golden section, master and slave and emphasis, transition and care, stability and lightness, rhythm and rhythm, penetration and hierarchy, texture and texture, harmony and contrast, diversity and unity, etc. These laws are summed up by human beings who are constantly familiar with and master the characteristics of various perceptual material factors in the activities of creating beauty, and abstract and summarize the relations between formal factors.