Teaching plan of social development law in senior high school political compulsory course.

Teaching objectives of the teaching plan of the law of social development, a compulsory political course in senior high school.

Connecting with social reality shows that social existence plays a decisive role in social consciousness. Connecting with the reality of China's adjustment of production relations, it shows that production relations must be suitable for the law of productive forces.

Emphasis and difficulty in teaching

The basic contradiction between the two societies. The relationship between social existence and social consciousness.

teaching process

Teaching design

First, social existence and social consciousness.

Dialectical materialism holds that matter determines consciousness, and consciousness has a dynamic reaction to matter. Applying this relationship to observe the problems in the field of social history is manifested in the relationship between social existence and social consciousness.

1, the reason why the previous social history theory fell into idealism.

/kloc-when talking about the origin of private ownership, Rousseau, a French enlightenment thinker in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, thought that some people occasionally had selfishness and surrounded a piece of land with wooden stakes driven by selfishness and announced it in public? This is mine? . Because people believed his story, private ownership was born. What happens if a wise man pulls out a stake and yells at his peers? Don't trust this liar? Private ownership will never occur. Does Rousseau think that the emergence of private ownership is inevitable here? How did it come into being? Not necessarily. What if a wise man pulls out a stake and shouts at his peers? Don't trust this liar? Private ownership will never occur.

Rousseau believes that private ownership is an accidental whim of someone and a product of personal subjective will. ) How did private ownership come into being in history? The development of productive forces leads to the emergence of surplus products, which are in the hands of a clan and tribal leader, so there is a class with opposing economic interests, and private ownership comes into being. People's private concept is the product of the development of social productive forces to a certain stage. The transformation of human society from public ownership to private ownership in primitive society is not determined by people's ideological motivation, but by the material factors of social life and productivity.

Before the emergence of Marxist philosophy, people can understand the laws of nature and explain nature by materialistic methods. Why can't people understand the laws of social development and explain human society materialistically? This is because everything in nature is unconscious, and their development and changes are completely spontaneous. Social history is the result of people's conscious and purposeful activities. This creates an illusion that social history is determined by people's motives and purposes. Historical idealism holds that the development of human society is either determined by people's subjective will, especially the ideological motivation of a few outstanding figures and emperors. Either it is determined by fate, God or absolute spirit.

In the past, social and historical theories only investigated the ideological motivation of people's historical activities at most, and could not be traced back to the material factors behind the ideological motivation, thus falling into idealism. Why can Marx discover the law of social development? Marx investigated the ideological motivation of people's historical activities and the material factors behind social existence (practice), thus finding the key to solving the mystery of social history. )

2. The relationship between social existence and social consciousness.

The phenomenon of human society is rich and complicated, but it can be divided into two basic aspects on the whole. Social existence refers to the material aspects of social life, including the natural environment, population factors and the mode of production of material materials. But the most important and basic content is the mode of production of material data. If we want to make a difference, we must live first. Life needs food, clothing, housing, transportation and other things, and needs material materials, so it is necessary to carry out production activities of material materials, in which a mode of production of material materials has been formed.

Once this activity stops, human beings cannot continue to survive and develop. The mode of production of material data is the basis of the existence and development of human society. The mode of production of material data determines the nature and appearance of society and the change and replacement of social form. Social consciousness refers to the spiritual level of social life, including political and legal thoughts, art, morality, religion, philosophy, science, customs, social psychology and so on. Do the following items belong to social existence or social consciousness respectively? Production relations, Marxist philosophy, natural geographical environment, Dai water-splashing festival, the idea that human rights are above sovereignty.

P87, think about it. What is the relationship between the world depicted by religion and the real world? The world depicted by religion is a distorted and illusory reflection of the real world, and its content comes from the real world. Buddhism has a grandfather with a big belly. Who is he? Which bodhisattva is holding the vase? The palace where the legendary Jade Emperor lived is most similar to whose residence? In the real world, we can find the archetypes of things depicted by religion, and human beings created God according to their own archetypes. What is the relationship between many unrealistic ideas and real life? These thoughts and ideas of people all come from real life and are detached and illusory reflections of real life.

People dream that they can fly freely in the sky, just out of admiration for birds flying freely in the air in real life. People's pursuit of immortal dreams stems from the pursuit of something relatively eternal in nature. Social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness is the reflection of social existence. ) The poor never have the trouble of losing money by opening an exchange. The kerosene king can't know the bitterness of the old woman who picks up cinders in the north. Hungry people in disaster areas always don't plant orchids, just like the rich old man.

Why is the social consciousness of the poor and the hungry so different from that of the kerosene king and the rich old man? People's consciousness is closely related to social status, education and occupation. Especially in class society, people's social consciousness is class to varying degrees. What kind of social consciousness. The feudal society in China was an unequal hierarchical society, which was gradually formed? You are a minister, a father is a son, and a husband is a wife? what's up Three classes? Say, the feudal rulers let it go? Three classes? Of course, always right.

But when did the Revolution of 1911 in China abolish the emperor? Are you a minister? The concept of gradual dilution. After the founding of New China, monogamy was promoted because of equality between men and women? Is the father a child and the husband a wife? This concept has basically disappeared. ? Three classes? Why did you gradually fade out of the historical stage of China? There is no eternal social consciousness. Generally speaking, with the change of social existence, people's social consciousness will change sooner or later, fast or slow, big or small. The change and development of social existence determines the change and development of social consciousness. )

Since the change and development of social existence determines the change and development of social consciousness, do social existence and social consciousness necessarily change at the same time? The development of social consciousness and social existence is not completely synchronized. ) The American Declaration of Independence (1776) was clearly stated at the beginning. All men are created equal? What's this called? An inalienable right granted by God? . However, when the concept of equality became the foundation of the United States, it did not become a universal social consciousness in the United States. From the founding of the United States to the Civil War, black slavery still existed in many parts of the United States. Black slaves cannot participate in elections and national political activities like ordinary citizens. During this period, why did black slaves in many parts of the United States, which emphasized equality very much, still not get equality? During this period, in addition to the mainstream capitalist mode of production, American society still retained the remnants of the old society-the slave mode of production in the southern plantation.

The social consciousness of the old society can survive in the new society because the new society also includes the social existence of the old society. The existence of backward and decadent ideas in socialist society is because it contains the remnants of the old society; Capitalist society can produce advanced social consciousness because it contains the seeds of new society in the future. What does this make social consciousness? Relative? Independence and social consciousness sometimes lag behind social existence, and sometimes develop and change before social existence. ) In 2003, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council proposed? Revitalize the old industrial base in Northeast China? As a national policy. Northeasters will not leave the rich black land easily unless there are special reasons.

The lives of two cows, their wives and children in an acre of land are very moist, what's more? Pheasants fly into rice cookers? Good living environment. I didn't know how to drink less until I got to the northeast. Visitors need to drink, and those who don't want to drink drink themselves; Drink red things and white things; Of course you have to drink if you have money, but you can borrow if you have no money. Great things can't be done, and small things are shameful; You can't make big money, but you don't care about making small money. You have to talk big. Have you found the reason why Northeast China is backward? The backwardness of ideas leads to the lag of economy. Social consciousness can react to social existence. Social consciousness of different nature has different responses to social existence. What kind of social consciousness does society need? Advanced social consciousness can correctly predict the direction and trend of social development and play a positive role in promoting social development, while backward social consciousness plays a role in hindering social development. )

Second, the basic social contradiction movement.

The contradiction between productive forces and production relations, and the contradiction between economic base and superstructure are the basic contradictions that run through human society from beginning to end. These two pairs of contradictions involve productivity, production relations (economic base) and superstructure, covering the basic fields of social life, namely economic life, political life and cultural life.

These two pairs of contradictory movements have formed the basic law of the development of human society, that is, the relations of production must adapt to the law of productive forces and the superstructure must adapt to the law of economic foundation.

Social ideology)

1, production relations must adapt to the law of productivity.

Does private ownership belong to the category of productive forces or relations of production? (the category of production relations. ) Which aspect of the relations of production does it belong to? (The relations of production are composed of the ownership of the means of production, the relationship between people in production and the distribution of products. It belongs to the ownership of the means of production in the production relations. What does the emergence of private ownership show about the relationship between productivity and production relations? (Productivity determines relations of production. The status of productive forces determines the nature of production relations, and the change and development of productive forces will lead to the change of production relations sooner or later. In the mode of production, productivity is the most revolutionary and active factor. )

1958 In March, small cooperatives were merged into large cooperatives in rural areas all over China, and people's communes including the production and life regimes of workers, peasants, soldiers and businessmen were established. Some places appear? Communist commune? 、? Collective farm? , which set off a vigorous nationwide? People's commune? Exercise. Members of the people's commune hand over all their private plots and give private livestock, trees and other means of production to the commune. In distribution, a food supply system is implemented, and all members of society, regardless of the number of laborers in their families, provide food free of charge according to the population. So each production brigade organized a public canteen with the production team as the unit, and put forward? Farmers eat for free? 、? Let go of your belly and eat? Wait for the slogan. This trend did not stop until after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party. ? People's commune? What was the reason why the cultural movement was finally cancelled? (? People's commune? The modernization movement emphasizes the importance of one university and two universities, which transcends the development of productive forces, changes the relations of production, disrupts the national economic order and hinders the development of social productive forces. The relations of production are counterproductive to productivity. When the relations of production are suitable for the development of productive forces, it promotes the development of productive forces; When the relations of production do not adapt to the development of productive forces, it hinders the development of productive forces. )

2, the superstructure must be suitable for the law of economic base.

Economic base refers to the sum of production relations, which determines the superstructure, politics, legal system and facilities of a certain society, as well as various ideological views and social ideologies of that society.

Superstructure reacts on the economic base. When the superstructure adapts to the economic base, it promotes the consolidation and improvement of the economic base; When it is not suitable for the economic base, it will hinder the development and reform of the economic base. When the superstructure serves the advanced economic foundation, it will promote the development of productive forces and social progress; When it serves the backward economic base, it restricts the development of productive forces and hinders the progress of society.

Third, the general trend of social and historical development.

The general trend of social development is upward, and the process of development is tortuous. The development of human society is realized in the contradictory movement of productive forces and relations of production, economic base and superstructure, and in the continuous solution of basic social contradictions. These two pairs of contradictory movements are the fundamental driving force for the development of human society. In class society, class struggle is the direct driving force for the development of class society. In socialist society, reform is the direct driving force for the development of socialist society.

The basic contradiction between class society and socialist society is the contradiction between productive forces and relations of production, economic base and superstructure, so what is the difference in the nature of contradictions between them? What are the different ways to solve these contradictions? (In class society, the basic contradiction of class society is antagonistic contradiction. The solution of basic social contradictions is mainly achieved through class struggle. Mode: The class struggle between the exploited class and the exploiting class forced the ruling class to adjust certain economic and political relations, which eased the basic social contradictions to a certain extent, thus more or less promoted the development of productive forces and social progress (social improvement).

When the old relations of production seriously hindered the development of productive forces, only by opposing the revolution of the reactionary class through the advanced class can we overthrow the rule of the reactionary class, establish new relations of production, liberate productive forces and promote social development (social revolution). In socialist society, the nature of the basic contradiction (non-antagonistic contradiction) in socialist society determines that it can only be solved through socialist self-development and self-improvement, that is, reform. Mode: change the links and aspects of production relations that are incompatible with productivity and the links and aspects of superstructure that are incompatible with economic base. What is the purpose of solving these contradictions? Whether it is improvement, revolution or reform, it is to adapt the relations of production to the development of productive forces, and the superstructure to the development of economic base is to liberate and develop productive forces. )