On the Relationship and Difference between Cartography and Geographic Information System

According to Neo-Confucianism, cartography should actually be called cartography and geographic information system. From the engineering point of view, it should be called cartography and geographic information engineering.

Geographic information system or geographic information system (GIS) is sometimes called "geographic information system" or "resource and environment information system". It is a specific and very important spatial information system. With the support of computer hardware and software system, it is a technical system that collects, stores, manages, calculates, analyzes, displays and describes the relevant geographical distribution data of the whole or part of the earth's surface space (including the atmosphere). Geographic Information System (GIS) deals with and manages all kinds of geospatial entity data and their relationships, including spatial positioning data, graphic data, remote sensing image data, attribute data and so on. It is used to analyze and deal with various phenomena and processes distributed in a certain geographical area, and to solve complex planning, decision-making and management problems.

The physical shell of geographic information system is a computerized technical system, which consists of several interrelated subsystems, such as data acquisition subsystem, data management subsystem, data processing and analysis subsystem, image processing subsystem and data product output subsystem. The quality and structure of these subsystems directly affect the hardware platform, function, efficiency, data processing mode and product output type of GIS. GIS is closely related to surveying and geography. Geodetic survey, engineering survey, mine survey, cadastral survey, aerial photogrammetry and remote sensing technology provide various positioning numbers with different scales and different accuracy for spatial entities in GIS; The use of modern surveying and mapping technologies, such as electronic speedometer, GPS global positioning technology, analytic or digital photogrammetry workstation and remote sensing image processing system, can directly, quickly and automatically obtain digital information products of space targets, provide rich and more real-time information sources for GIS, and promote the development of GIS to a higher level. Geography is the theoretical support of geographic information system. Some scholars assert that "geographic information system and information geography are the main tools and means of the second revolution of geographical science." If the rise and development of GIS is a key to the information revolution of geographical science, then the rise and development of information geography will be a door to the information revolution of geographical science and will certainly open up a brand-new world for the development and perfection of geographical science. "GIS is called the third generation language of earth science-describing spatial entities in digital form.

It consists of computer system, geographic data and users. Through the integration, storage, retrieval, operation and analysis of geographic data, it generates and outputs various geographic information, thus providing new knowledge for land use, resource management, environmental monitoring, transportation, economic construction, urban planning and administrative management of government departments, and serving for engineering design, planning and management decision-making.

Cartography is a branch of surveying and mapping, and it is a subject that studies maps, their compilation and application. It studies the spatial distribution, interrelation and dynamic changes of various phenomena in nature and human society with map graphics, and has the duality of regional discipline and technical discipline. Also known as cartography. Traditional cartography consists of cartography overview, map projection, map compilation, map decoration and map printing. Map projection is a mathematical method to study the problem of describing the longitude and latitude lines on the ellipsoid of the earth on a plane. The main contents include: the general principle of map projection, exploring various methods of map projection, the transformation of map projection and the discrimination of map projection. Map projection has developed into an independent discipline. Also known as mathematical cartography. Cartography is related to many disciplines, especially surveying, geography and mathematics. The survey provides the ground control results and the original map of the measured terrain for map drawing. Geography provides the basis for understanding and reflecting the geographical environment and its spatial distribution law for map drawing. Map projection of cartography uses mathematics as a tool to illustrate its principle and method; The concepts of mathematical statistics and probability theory have been applied to the selection index of each element of map content; Computer-aided drawing needs more applied mathematics. In addition, cartography is also related to physics, chemistry, chromatics, aesthetics, remote sensing technology and computer science.

Generally speaking, it is a major in geography, resources and environment, urban planning and management, geographic information system theory, system science and engineering. I think the most likely is the exam of geographic information system. Please organize yourself, hehe.