What is the modern weather forecast?

The development of modern science and technology provides advanced equipment for modern weather forecasting. Advanced meteorological satellites, radar station networks all over the country, and powerful supercomputer systems that can calculate complex weather models have greatly improved the accuracy of weather forecasting.

in the late 197s, Japan used meteorological satellites, which not only collected all kinds of meteorological data from high altitude, but also greatly improved the working efficiency of meteorological departments and the accuracy of forecasting. The weather forecast of TV stations has thus become vivid and vivid: the typhoon eye and its surrounding clouds, range of activities, direction and speed, as well as the movement of rain and snow areas, can be seen at a glance.

The United States has a vast territory, and its weather forecasting system is even larger. In order to know the weather around the world, four meteorological satellites provide meteorological information. There are two TV and infrared observation satellites, whose orbits pass over the north and south poles of the earth. The TV photography on the satellite spreads the shape and moving direction of the cloud, and the infrared photography indicates the height of the cloud and the moisture contained in the water vapor. The other two synchronous meteorological satellites are located in the air-to-ground stationary orbit on the equator and take pictures of the earth at fixed points.

In addition, there are hundreds of small data collection devices installed on airplanes, ships, buoys or helium-filled balloons. The sensors of these collection devices will automatically measure the wind speed, temperature, humidity and air pressure in various places. There are more than 7 radar stations all over the country to track thunderstorms and cyclones.

A Doppler radar system is an advanced meteorological detection equipment. This system emits beams in all directions with a radius of 2 kilometers around, and measures the wind speed and direction on various horizontal planes parallel to the ground by detecting the movements of water drops, grass seeds, dust and insects in the atmosphere. Its weather forecast is very specific: where, when and how many millimeters of rain will fall. The Doppler radar system can also make a fairly accurate forecast if there will be a sudden airflow change in local areas within a few minutes.

another kind of laser Doppler radar-"Lida" is a new device to monitor the ground meteorological conditions. It is installed on a polar orbiting satellite and can measure the wind speed twice a day. If there are two satellites equipped with "Lida", it can monitor the atmospheric conditions of the whole earth. After adopting "Lida" system, the medium-range weather forecast for 7-1 days can be as accurate as the current 24-hour forecast. Airlines can also benefit from "Lida", because the pilot has a detailed airflow map at that time, so he can use the fast wind to avoid the head-on wind, which can not only save time and fuel, but also ensure the safety and reliability of flight.

in recent years, a major breakthrough in meteorological engineering is the application of wind direction simulation system. The simulation system uses a radar beam to continuously measure the wind direction and wind speed within the range of 1.6 ~ 14.4 kilometers, and takes wind speed and wind direction data every 1 meters in the vertical direction, and can collect hundreds of data per square kilometer. It is displayed on the monitor screen: some colorful arrows, with color, length and direction, represent the height, wind speed and wind direction respectively. The computer quickly compared the data input a few hours ago with the satellite data, and showed the movement of local small airflow on the screen, which improved the accuracy of forecasting local microclimate to an unprecedented level.

The computer weather model located in Maryland is based on meteorological data transmitted from all over the world, including wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity and air pressure. Meteorological data were collected from the high-altitude weatherometer of 65 meteorological balloons in China, all of which were sent to the working satellites in geostationary orbit, and then sent back to the satellite ground receiving station from space, and then sent to the meteorological center from the ground station. After a few minutes, the information recorded by buoys or airborne collection devices in various places will be collected in the center, and many computers will process all kinds of data quickly, thus forming a mathematical description of the weather situation at that time. The meteorological center in the United States sends 2 such reports to major forecasting centers every day, and then transmits them to local institutions through them. Local meteorological stations publish local weather forecasts in combination with the latest satellite images and data measured on the ground and their own experiences. This forecast is quite accurate.