What is the introduction of Du Fu's thatched cottage?

Du Fu, with beautiful words, was born in Gongxian County (now gongyi city) in July12. At the age of twenty, I roamed wuyue and Zhao Qi. In 746, he went to Beijing to take an exam, and then lived in Chang 'an for ten years. After the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out in 755, he fled to Fengxiang and went to Su Zongbai to take the left. The deceased was called Du. Later, because he offended Su Zong, he was exiled to Huazhou. In 759, he abandoned his official position and made a Western Expedition. He entered Shu by way of Tianshui, and built a small house beside Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu. He lived for four years before and after, and wrote more than 240 poems, including the book of fragrance and the autumn wind breaking the thatched cottage. For a time, he was the foreign minister of the Ministry of Industry, so he was called Du Gongbu. In 765, he took his family out of Shu by water and lived in Kuizhou for another two years. After leaving the Three Gorges, I drifted to Jing and Xiang, taking the boat as my home. He died on a boat in Xiangjiang River in 770 at the age of 59.

Chengdu Du Fu Cottage is now called the holy land in the history of China literature. After Du Fu left Chengdu, the thatched cottage was destroyed. In Shu five dynasties ago, the poet Wei Zhuang discovered the original site of the thatched cottage and rebuilt it. It was rebuilt in the Song Dynasty, and Du Fuxiang was painted on the wall, which became a sacred place.

Since then, the thatched cottage has been revived and abandoned repeatedly. The biggest two renovations were in the 13th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1500) and the 16th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 1 1), which basically laid the foundation for the scale and layout of the thatched cottage today. 1952, Du Fu Caotang was completely renovated and officially opened to the public. Du Fu Memorial Hall was established in 1955, and was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council in196/0/.In 1984, it was renamed as Du Fu Caotang Museum. The thatched cottage has a total area of more than 240 mu, and its architecture is in Qing Dynasty style. The garden is a very unique "mixed" China classical garden. The zhaobi, the main entrance, the main hall, the museum of poetry and history, the Chai Men and the shrine of the Ministry of Industry are arranged on a central axis, with symmetrical cloisters and other ancillary buildings on both sides. There are flowing water, small bridges and bamboo forests, which are solemn, simple and elegant, deep and quiet, beautiful and clear. On the east side of the shrine of the Ministry of Industry is the tablet pavilion of Shaoling Caotang, which symbolizes Du Fu Caotang and has become a famous landscape in Chengdu.

"Chai Men" was originally the courtyard gate built by Du Fu when he built the thatched cottage. Because of its simplicity and low height, the poet gave it such a veritable name. In addition, just like calling his residence "Caotang", it also shows the significance of his seclusion in cloth. In Du Fu's thatched cottage poems, we can often read sentences related to "Chai Men". For example, "the wild old hedge belongs to the river bank, and Chai Men doesn't open it by the river." (Wild Old Man) This refers to the Chai Men built by the poet that year, which runs along the river instead of facing Huanhuaxi. Another example is "My road is full of petals-I swept it for no one else, and Pengmen (that is, Chai Men) will open for you from today." It can be seen that poets generally live in seclusion behind closed doors, and only when friends or close relatives visit will they open Chai Men to welcome guests. There is also "Baisha Cuizhujiang Village at dusk, sending Chai Men a new moonlight." ("South Neighbor" wrote about the exchange of visits with neighbors, the mutual affection between the host and the guest, the harmonious atmosphere, and the feeling of leaving Chai Men. Here, Chai Men is the difference between a poet and a Fukien. From these poems, we can easily see that Chai Men, though simple, added a lot of fun to the poet. Because of this, the reconstruction of the Qing dynasty specially created this unique, simple, beautiful and quiet building, and gave such a name.

Compared with other buildings, today's thatched cottage Chai Men is really simple, but it is much more magnificent than what the poet built in those years. The plaque on the door was inscribed by the famous painter Mr. Pan Tianshou. On the post in front of the door hangs a couplet written by Yu He, a famous person in the Ming Dynasty: "There is great light, and I believe there are earth-shattering articles; Thousands of years of admiration, you are still in Jianggan. " This couplet comes from Du Fu's poem "An article scares the sea, horses and chariots are stationed in the river" ("Bin Zhi").

The first part changed "Qi" to "Faith", and the second part changed "Jude" to "Man", which turned the poet's self-mockery into the praise of later generations, which was very subtle and wonderful. Indeed, it is precisely because Du Fu left us an immortal chapter that he achieved great things and shook the world. For thousands of years, it has won the respect and admiration of countless descendants, and pays tribute to his former residence, Caotang. Chai Men will no longer be closed, but will open its mind and welcome thousands of tourists from Qian Qian.

The four characters "Shaoling Caotang" are vigorous and graceful, which is what Prince Guo said before. Why is Du Fu Caotang called "Shaoling Caotang"? This is because Du Fu once lived in Ling Du Jingzhao (Chang 'an). Ling Du is located in the southeast of Chang 'an, which was Du in ancient times and Du County in Qin Wei today. After the tomb was built here, Emperor Xuan Di of Han Dynasty changed its name to. In the southeast of Ling Du, there is a small tomb, also called Shaoling, which is the graveyard of Queen Han Xu. In his poems, Du Fu often calls himself Ling Du Buyi and Shaoling Night Old. Therefore, later generations also called Du Shaoling, and Du Fu's Cottage was Shaoling Cottage. The pavilion is backed by the lotus pond, surrounded by flowers and trees, and the scenery is beautiful and pleasant. At the end of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, the Ming people built a grass pavilion in the temple of the Ministry of Industry, named "Gankun-Caotang", which was intended to symbolize the thatched cottage of Du Fu's Caotang in those days in memory of the poet. This trick has been mentioned before. Today's pavilion is also thatched, so people regard it as a symbol of the thatched cottage in those days, and often worship there and take pictures as a souvenir.

Maowu Scenic Area was rebuilt in February 2006. Surrounded by streams, the whole scenic spot is a freehand scenic spot carved by Yi Du's poems, such as "The Qingjiang River embraces the village stream, and all is silent in the village under the Yangtze River" ("Jiangcun"), "I am from the north, and I am from the south, and I see a gull day after day" ("Kezhi"). The stream is paved with pebbles, the water is dotted with sand, and plants are planted on the shore.

Cabin is a typical teasing structure. The layout of rural residential buildings in western Sichuan, with bamboo fence walls and thatched roofs, shows a slightly changed "I" shape at both ends, which embodies the traditional practice, that is, the hall in the middle, the bedroom around, and the kitchen in the east (as evidenced by Du Fu's poem "A fool doesn't know the ceremony of his father and son, so he is called angry and wants to eat the door east"), and the whole building tries to embody Du Fu's poem "Dare to be beautiful and be strong in consciousness". Pavilions and pavilions compete for each other, and once they are opened and cleared, the middle of Sichuan will be clear ("Message to the Caotang outside the River").