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Music art is vivid, ethereal and abstract; It can not only give people a direct feeling without the help of interpretation and translation, but also make people feel profound, confused and indescribable. Therefore, this widely circulated art is often said to be "incomprehensible", especially some instrumental works. Why is music so touching? How does it express itself? What are the distinguishing clues of complex category styles? To solve these problems, we need both emotional accumulation and rational grasp. Exactly: what you feel may not be well understood; Only what you know can you feel it better.

Music-a work carefully created by a composer, which is presented to the audience after being carefully sung and played by the performer and felt by the audience, is actually a concrete sound process, an active, flowing and well-organized sound process, which combines various elements and contains certain life content, thoughts and feelings. It continues to flourish, acting on people's hearing, triggering people's various corresponding life and emotional experiences and associations. From this summary, we briefly analyze the main artistic characteristics of music from four aspects.

First, music is the art of sound; As the material of music art, sound is a special sound system that transcends the natural prototype.

This is the root of the particularity of music, which is different from other arts, and also the root of many artistic characteristics of music. Music is different from ventriloquism, and it is also different from "sound effects" in drama and film and television. Music is an expressive and unique art form. First of all, this is because the matter it exists is not ordinary sound; It is some special sounds left by people after repeated choices and processing in various ways in the long historical practice. They originate from nature and social life, but they go beyond the attribute of "natural things". For example, in terms of height, the notes that are too high and too low to be clearly heard and accurately controlled have been eliminated one after another, and the basic music that can be used is the 88 notes that can be played on the piano now. These 88 sounds each have a fixed pitch; Arranged from low to high, it becomes an "acoustic train". According to the multiple relation of vibration frequency, the sounds in the sound series are divided into several "groups". Each group-that is, each octave-is divided into 12 semitones at equal distance, of which 7 are called "pitch" (such as white keys on the piano) and the other 5 are called "tone sandhi" (such as black keys on the piano), and the 7 pitches are given fixed names-C and D respectively. Tone sandhi is called "rising" and "falling" according to the basic tone. Such as c "(# c) (# c), d" (b d), d "(# d), e" (be) and so on.

For the convenience of singing, each sound is also called "roll call", namely: "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, si". The formation of "sound train" is only the initial organization of sound at high and low levels. The distance between the sounds in the series is equal, and each sound has the same meaning, but these mutually equivalent isolated sounds cannot express the thoughts and feelings of music. Therefore, it needs to be further organized: take a certain tone as the steady tone, and several other tones are connected with the steady tone according to different tendency relations, forming a system-mode.

There are many modes, and the widely used modes are: western major and minor; China Han five-tone mode, other national modes, etc. The tone in the mode system is called "mode level".

Modal tones are named according to their respective grades-second, third, fourth and fifth tones. ........................................................................................................................................................

The relationship between tones in modal system is no longer just a simple pitch relationship, but a relationship between melody and interval. On the basis of the stability and instability of modal tone level, melody and interval are further combined in vertical and horizontal directions to form multi-voice parts-harmony and polyphony ... These are the selection and treatment of some high and low voices. At the same time, the length is processed to form a rhythm and beat system; Select and process the sound quality and timbre to form various subsystems with different meanings, such as music type, sound type, voice part and musical instrument group. The degree of sound optimization, beautification and operability of the overall system of "music sound" formed by the selection and processing of these aspects; Stability and instability, balance and imbalance, tension and relaxation in sports, etc. , is the internal motivation and logic, color, strength, etc. -a set of performance, not only have, but also improve and strengthen. Mastering and using it can more and more reflect people's conscious wishes and requirements. Such a sound, and only such a sound, has become the material material of music art.

Second, music is the art of time; The exhibition of music art should be completed in a certain process.

Music art is particularly vivid and active, especially with the appeal of "touching" and "deeply rooted in people's hearts". Why? Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher and aesthete, once thought: Why is the expressive force of music so much greater than the color? The conclusion is-because it is temporal. Things exist in sports, people live in sports, people's feelings and understanding of things have a process, and people's thoughts and feelings are deepened and developed in the process. Therefore, the music art expressed through the sound movement process has special adaptability for reflecting moving things and expressing developing and deepening thoughts and feelings. Turning around, this "special adaptability" of music in the process of appreciation is transformed into a special appeal. For example, enjoy a photo or painting "Dawn": a vast close-up view, a distant sky, golden and crimson light smearing the morning glow and spreading to the earth. The composition is concise and lively, and the image is vivid and beautiful. From the outline of the building, the cleanliness of the road, the flowers and plants along the road, and the brow of the characters, we can see the vitality and prosperity. However, how the earth wakes up in the morning light, and how it is full of vitality ... To further truly feel these things, the viewer needs to use his imagination, put himself in the environment, and make everything on the screen active to appreciate. But appreciating music works is different. For example, listen to the first song "Chao Jing" in the first suite (Op.46) of Pearl Gold by Norwegian composer Grieg: the flute plays a four-bar phrase in the middle and high-pitched area, with 68 beats soft, bright in E major and clear melody lines ... The clear timbre and euphemistic melody are particularly sweet against the backdrop of the woodwind leader's voice. Then this melody is played in the alto by lowering the oboe by 8 degrees, and the background sound is changed to the string group. Subsequently, these two sentences were moved up three degrees and repeated in # G major. After a short pause in B major, this melody is played by the whole string group in E major. The extension of melody, the expansion of range, the extension of texture, the transformation of harmony and tonality, etc. All of them are integrated and injected into people's hearts. Therefore, what people feel is not a static picture of "the morning glow is all over the sky", but a changing process. "Light" is changing, "color" is changing, and "temperature" is also changing. From the "dawn" of the sun to "generate" and then to "Ran Ran rising", the vitality is also from germination and accumulation to surging habits ... These feelings are from.

Music art has a power to attract people to "intervene". This is because the rhythm and fluctuation of music will naturally induce the change of human motion mechanism and correspond to it. A team got together and set off. No one shouted "12 1", and everyone's footsteps naturally didn't match. If there is military music playing at this time, its rhythm is clear and powerful: please look at the back, people's footsteps have been uniform with the progress of this music. People have this experience: in the process of listening to music, not only the attention is focused on it, but also the muscles, limbs, throat, jaw, circulatory system and respiratory system will relax. The activities and changes of body movement mechanism directly affect emotions, making them excited and fluctuating. Therefore, there is no art like music: it can excite many people with the same intention in a short time and reach such a strong level. For this reason, any country and army should engage in military music, military songs, marches and other music that can unify the pace and boost morale. In recent years, a prominent problem in China's social music life is the imbalance of categories. I hope that there will be more and better music works and performances that reflect the people's endeavor and the construction of the "four modernizations", which will be aboveboard, inspiring and inspiring. This is the call of the masses, the call of the people and the call of the times.

Third, music is the art of expression; The so-called "musical image" is an image formed in the mind, which is emotional and personalized.

Performance art is relative to reproduction art, both of which reflect life and express thoughts and feelings. The difference is that to reproduce art reflects life, it is necessary to imitate and reproduce the form of objective life, create an artistic image that is "visible and tangible", and express feelings through concrete images. Performance art is a direct revelation of thoughts and feelings from objective life. Music is a typical performance art, and the sound of music is the direct carrier of feelings. Music with emotional content gives people a direct feeling, which can also be called "intuition". When people directly get the corresponding feelings from the sound of music, they will have all kinds of imaginations, which may emerge as concrete "pictures", "pictures" and "situations" ... vivid imagination, which in turn can strengthen their own musical feelings, but music itself does not and cannot provide any tangible visual image. For example, when you appreciate Chopin's piano work Etudes in C minor (op.10 no. 12), you can hear: after the strong and angry introduction of eight bars, the left hand plays a fast and continuous sound stream, like a raging wind; The right hand plays a fast and powerful melody with a dotted rhythm, conveying intense and unrestrained emotions, which is magnificent. With the development of music, the mood is getting higher and higher, and the strong artistic appeal shakes people's heartstrings. If the audience who listens to this piece of music knows something about Chopin's lofty patriotic character and passionate national feelings, and knows that this piece of music was written after the failure of the Polish uprising in 183 1, then his appreciation activities will be more active, and then more things will be captured and more "sparks" will be collided. Of course, we will have a deeper feeling of the heroic character, pain, anxiety, anger and excitement of the artistic heroes in the works, and the generous spirit of struggle against the tragedy of the motherland. However, no matter how positive the audience's appreciation process is, artistic heroes are not really presented on the stage. The pianist who plays this piece is not the hero's "role", he is just playing, transforming the emotion of the author and the work into his own, and showing it directly and heartily to the audience.

Fourth, music is an art of re-creation; The performance of music is both stable and deductive.

Songs and music scores are symbols for recording music. Music recorded by symbols needs to be sung and played, which is called "second creation". The second creation can be carried out countless times, and each singing and performance is not a "retelling" or "replay" of the original work or previous performance, but a re-creation of the work. Re-creation is positive, including performance and the singer's re-understanding of the work; Re-understanding the author's artistic expression intention, re-processing and re-playing in technology and art, therefore, music performance is regarded as "interpretation of works" and "expression of works"; Therefore, excellent singers and performers are called "performing artists".

The most important thing in art is originality, and the second creation is also a unique treatment. They are all Beethoven's violin concertos in D major (Op.6 1). The performances of two world-famous violinists, Heifetz and David Austera, are quite different in timbre, dynamics and some details, reflecting the different playing styles of the two musicians. Whether it is more hearty and bright (the former) or more intense and affectionate (the latter), people get high artistic enjoyment and satisfaction. Therefore, people will never choose one over the other or prefer one over the other because of different performances. On the contrary, people will regard them as two versions, two equally precious examples.

The same is true of the band's performance. Dvorak's Symphony No.9 in E minor (New World, Op.95) is conducted by toscanini, karajan and or Li, which has obvious artistic differences and unique interest and value. So people can find a phenomenon: art connoisseurs and collectors are distinguished by holding the original and the original, but not proud of holding various copies; On the contrary, music connoisseurs and collectors have rich audio products, with many famous bands, conductors and singers. The reason is that copying is copying; The latter, although the works are integrated, everyone and every performance are a kind of re-creation; Each edition has its own uniqueness and artistic value. Judging from this feature of music, most of the widely circulated music works are not or have never been "original" or "original" in a strict sense.

Music art can continuously inject new wisdom, talent and creativity in the process of people's continuous secondary creation, so it has eternal vitality. Music art is particularly lively because it is spread on the basis of continuous recreation and enrichment.

The above are the four basic characteristics of music art. Following this clue, we can understand how music and sister art are interrelated and how they are different from each other. Music's unique means of expression, techniques, rules, methods and so on are rooted in this.