Who can introduce the knowledge and scenes of total solar eclipse and partial solar eclipse, as well as feelings and feelings? If I get the complete answer, I will get extra points!

Basic knowledge of total solar eclipse

The process of total solar eclipse can include the following five periods: initial loss, eclipse, eclipse, luminescence and last contact. Explanation of total solar eclipse

The first solar eclipse always starts from the western edge of the sun's circular surface, because the moon revolves around the earth from west to east. When the eastern edge of the moon just touches the round surface of the sun (that is, when the eastern edge of the moon is tangent to the western edge of the sun), it is called the initial loss. The first loss is the moment when the eclipse begins.

The eclipse begins with the initial loss, that is, the partial eclipse stage. The moon continues to move eastward, the part of the sun's circular surface covered by the moon gradually increases, and the intensity and heat of sunlight are obviously reduced. When the eastern edge of the moon surface is inscribed with the eastern edge of the sun surface, it is called eclipse. At this time, the entire circular surface of the sun is covered, so the solar eclipse is the moment when the total solar eclipse begins.

1. eclipse law

Eclipses occur up to five times a year. If it appears five times, it must be a partial solar eclipse. There are at least two eclipses on the earth every year. Only partial solar eclipse can be seen in the polar regions. Total solar eclipse occurs every 1 year and a half. Every eclipse starts at a certain point at sunrise and then ends at sunset along the eclipse belt. About half a circle around the earth from the starting point to the end point. The eclipse must happen in the new moon, which is the first day of the lunar calendar. At this time, the moon is located between the earth and the sun, but because the orbit of the sun (ecliptic) and the orbit of the moon (ecliptic) are at an angle of 5 9', there is not always an eclipse on the first day, but when the eclipse occurs, both the sun and the moon must occur near the "yellow-white intersection" (rising intersection or falling intersection).

2. Sharo cycle

The same solar eclipse (total solar eclipse, annular solar eclipse and partial solar eclipse) will occur once every 1 1 day or 6585.32 days (Charro cycle), but the observable areas are different, and the types of solar eclipses are not necessarily the same only when the eclipse time is the same. Because the length of the Charlotte cycle is 6585.32 days, it is not an integer, so if there is another solar eclipse in the same place on the earth (not necessarily the same type of solar eclipse), you have to wait for three Charlotte cycles. The next solar eclipse will occur in one-third of the Charlotte cycle after each solar eclipse, and reappear in the same area after three Charlotte cycles of about 54 years and 33 days. At present, there are 12 different big Sharo cycles, one of which occurred in 1937, 1955, 19 1 and in 2009 (China Yangtze River valley, Wuhan and Hangzhou), which lasted for about 7.5 minutes.

3. Eclipse bands and moon shadows

The moving speed of the eclipse belt (the shadow of the moon) in the equatorial region is about 65,438+0,65,438+000 miles per hour, and it reaches 5,000 miles per hour at the poles. The widest total solar eclipse zone is 167 miles. In the area where the total solar eclipse passes, the range of partial solar eclipse can be seen as high as 3000 miles. The total solar eclipse belt generally passes through the ocean or barren places.

4. The principle of solar eclipse

The total solar eclipse occurs because the sun is close to the intersection of the lunar orbit and the earth orbit, and the moon is at the nearest point to this point. An annular eclipse occurs because the sun is close to the intersection of the moon's orbit and the earth's orbit, and the moon is farthest from this point.

Significance and value of total solar eclipse

The main reason why total solar eclipse is paid attention to is its great astronomical observation value. Many important astronomical and physical discoveries in the history of science were made by the opportunity of total solar eclipse, and only through this opportunity can they be made. The most famous example is a total solar eclipse in 19 19, which confirmed the correctness of Einstein's general theory of relativity. Einstein published the general theory of relativity in 19 15, which was extremely difficult to understand and incredible at that time. This theory predicts that light will turn in a huge gravitational field. The strongest gravitational field that humans can contact is the sun, but the sun itself emits strong light, and it is impossible to see whether the faint starlight in the distance turns when passing near the sun. However, if a total solar eclipse occurs and the sunlight is blocked, it can be measured whether the light has turned. The opportunity appears in 19 19, but the total lunar eclipse is in the South Atlantic, which is far away and difficult. British astronomer Eddington set out with an enthusiastic and curious observation team. The observation results are very consistent with Einstein's pre-calculation results, and the theory of relativity has been recognized by the world since then.

In China, the first two total solar eclipses can only be seen in remote areas. The first time was at 1980, which was only visible in Ruili, Yunnan, on the border between China and Myanmar. At that time, the author had just entered junior high school and was an enthusiastic young astronomy enthusiast. Unfortunately, he has no financial ability, so he can only indulge in it through astronomy enthusiasts magazine. The other time is 1997 after the Spring Festival, which can be seen on the Sino-Russian border and the northernmost Mohe River in China. At that time, the author was ordered by the newspaper to interview and gave up his childhood dream. The scale of that observation was beyond imagination. Astronomers and amateurs from all over the world are crowded in a small town in northern Xinjiang, which is usually inaccessible and more lively than Chinese New Year. Because the number of people greatly exceeds the reception capacity of the town, people can only camp on trains and cars. At that time, it was still winter there. During the day, the temperature is about MINUS 25 degrees Celsius, and at night it can reach MINUS 40 degrees Celsius, dripping into ice, and people can't even find water to wash their faces and gargle. Nevertheless, no observer regrets and no one is not excited. They all regard seeing the total solar eclipse with their own eyes as a rare and precious memory in life. Astronomical phenomena such as total solar eclipse have nothing to do with people's daily life. Eat and drink Lazar. But it represents an ultimate humanistic concern, an extreme love for nature, and an eternal curiosity and awe of the iron law of nature that governs everything. A country, a nation, can't live without these concerns, these passions, these curiosities, and these awe.

When the moon moves between the earth and the sun, the area covered by the penumbra outside the shadow of the moon, and part of the sun seen by the moon is blocked by the moon, is a partial solar eclipse.

This is the most common solar eclipse. It is said to be the most common because no matter whether it is a total solar eclipse or an annular eclipse, or a more complex annular eclipse, most areas outside the total (annular) food belt and most of the time from the initial loss to the last contact in the total (annular) food belt are regarded as partial solar eclipses, and more annular eclipses are just the umbra or its extension line of the moon shadow, while the penumbra outside the moon shadow passes through the ground.

The following are the global solar eclipses in the 20th century (190 1-2000):

Number of species

Partial eclipse 78

Annular eclipse 73

Total solar eclipse 7 1

Mixed food 6

A total of 228 people

Noun explanation:

Initial loss: As the moon revolves around the earth from west to east, the solar eclipse always starts from the western edge of the sun's circular surface. The moment when the eastern edge of the moon surface is tangent to the western edge of the sun surface is called the initial loss. The first loss is the moment when the eclipse begins.

Eclipse: After the solar eclipse begins, the moon continues to move eastward, and when the center of the moon is closest to the center of the sun, it reaches an eclipse. For partial solar eclipse, the solar eclipse is the moment when the sun is covered by the moon the most.

Last contact: After the eclipse, the surface of the moon began to move away from the surface of the sun, and the part covered by the sun gradually decreased. The moment when the western edge of the moon surface is tangent to the eastern edge of the sun surface is called the last contact. The sun was disc-shaped again, and the whole total solar eclipse came to an end.