Problems and Countermeasures in the Development and Utilization of Water Resources in Meizhou City

Scientific planning and effective allocation of water resources

Generally speaking, except for a few reservoirs (Heshui, Changtan, Tang Yi and Messi), the comprehensive development and utilization of water resources in Meizhou City is not enough. The reason is that hydropower, shipping, forestry, tourism and local departments at all levels often go their own way, lacking institutions with sufficient power to coordinate, resulting in waste of water resources, mainly in water transportation and aquaculture. In 2003, the per capita possession of aquatic products in the whole province reached 84.08kg, while that in Meizhou was only15.54 kg. . In terms of shipping, the advantages of water transport have not been fully exerted due to river bed siltation and insufficient river dredging. In addition, for decades, in terms of comprehensive utilization of water resources, water conservancy projects have not paid enough attention to shipping, resulting in the continuous reduction of navigation mileage. In recent years, Meizhou city has built dams on rivers, but most of them have not considered building fish migration structures. However, the Qingxi Hydropower Station in Tingjiang River and Guazhou Hydropower Station in Grottoes River have not built ship-crossing facilities, which has affected the development of water transport benefits. Although the development of small hydropower in Meizhou (especially private water conservancy) has a certain reputation in the whole province, overall, there is still a lot of room for hydropower development. By the end of 200 1 year, the installed capacity of hydropower in Meizhou city was 630 1 10,000 k W, accounting for only 48% of the exploitable installed capacity of hydropower in the city.

In the future, we should use the concept of commodity and market economy to guide the planning of water resources, realize the rational and effective allocation of water resources, and maximize the development and utilization of water resources. We should pay attention to the relationship between water resources development and river basin development. On the one hand, water resources development should be incorporated into the rules of national economic construction in river basins; On the other hand, the economic development plan must adapt to the greatest possible water supply. In addition, it is necessary to deal with the cooperative relationship between upstream and downstream, between industries and between departments in water use, especially for upstream, to ensure the requirements of downstream (including overseas downstream cities) in terms of water quantity and water quality, and to prevent "selfish departmentalism". We can't use up the upstream water, otherwise, the Han River will become an abandoned river in many years.

Protect and improve water resources and environment

At present, the water quality of rivers in Meizhou is basically good, but because the management of towns and the treatment of sewage and wastewater can't keep up with the development of the situation for many years, most of the domestic water and industrial wastewater in towns and cities in Meizhou are discharged into rivers without purification, so the river sections near towns and cities are polluted to some extent, especially in Meijiang River Basin. According to Meizhou Water Resources Bulletin, in 2003, the city discharged 253 million cubic meters of wastewater into Meijiang River Basin, of which 75% was industrial wastewater and 25% was municipal wastewater. Therefore, the middle and lower reaches of Meijiang River have actually become the recipients of urban domestic and industrial sewage, and the purification and pollution prevention of Meijiang water body is urgent. In addition, in terms of soil and water conservation, although it has been greatly improved after 10 years of treatment, the consolidation and improvement of soil and water conservation projects and the new phenomenon of soil erosion cannot be ignored [1].

Soil and water conservation is one of the important measures to reduce flood losses and increase flow in dry season. In the future, in addition to maintaining and consolidating the original soil and water conservation projects and facilities, effective measures must be taken to stop new soil erosion. Restrict the development and utilization of projects that are unreasonable and easy to cause new losses, and implement the responsibility of soil and water conservation for approved development projects. In the prevention and control of water pollution, water conservancy departments at all levels have formulated water resources protection plans according to local conditions, and put forward phased control measures and objectives, especially focusing on protecting drinking water resources and speeding up the solution of drinking water problems that meet the health standards of people along the river (river). For tap water sources (including existing and planned water sources), corresponding water source protection areas should be delineated, and specific protection measures should be defined. For example, the reservoir pollution caused by individual reservoir tourism has threatened the reservoir area as the drinking water source of the downstream people, and the relevant departments must attach great importance to this!

13.3.3 investment in water conservancy construction

Because most of Meizhou water supply projects were built in 1950s and 1960s, the engineering design standards are low, the construction quality is poor, the engineering facilities are not matched, the maintenance and benefits are obviously reduced, and some projects have even been scrapped. According to the data provided by Meizhou Water Conservancy Bureau, there were 9,840 water storage projects in the city in 198 1 year, and the number decreased to 9,689 in197, a decrease of 15 1. The effective irrigation area decreased from198122134hm2 in 0 year to10001hm2 in 0997. The water supply of water conservancy projects has been reduced from 1989 of 2,063.48 million m3 to1856.42 million m3. This has caused the phenomenon of insufficient water supply in some areas to some extent.

Due to the limitation of natural conditions in mountainous areas, there are not many large and medium-sized water storage projects in Meizhou, most of which are small reservoirs and ponds, and these water storage projects are unevenly distributed in the region, which can not play a good role in flood storage and drought compensation. With a slight drought, many cultivated land and other productive land are short of water for irrigation. According to incomplete statistics, Meizhou Daily (2005-06-05).

According to the irrigation standard with a guarantee rate of P=90%, there are still 1.92 million hm2 of cultivated land and1.65,438+0.6 million hm2 of other productive land in the city that fail to meet the irrigation guarantee standard.

According to the analysis in Table 13.3, if the current water supply project is used for water supply, the water supply gap in Meizhou will be large in the next 15 years. In view of the aging of existing water supply projects in Meizhou, the decline of water supply benefits and the lack of water supply capacity, on the one hand, it is necessary to increase certain capital investment, supplement various effective maintenance and management, and ensure the available water supply of various water supply projects at different levels; On the other hand, it is necessary to build a number of water supply projects and sewage treatment plants purposefully, continue to make medium and long-term water supply plans, ensure the smooth development of industry, agriculture and society, and achieve the goal of sustainable development.

Open source and throttling

The fundamental way to solve the problem of water shortage lies in water saving, and the foundation of water saving lies in society. Therefore, it is urgent to establish the historical mission of "water-saving society". The key to building a water-saving society is to enhance the water-saving consciousness of the whole society. The foundation of water-saving consciousness comes from the consciousness of water hardship, and the establishment of water hardship consciousness needs to publicize and educate people, especially teenagers, about water resources knowledge. It is necessary to carry out subtle education on water resources for the majority of primary school students by compiling vivid and interesting popular science books on water resources; Water resources elective courses should be set up in middle school to popularize water resources knowledge; Among college students, cadres and workers, we should combine water safety education with current affairs education, establish the idea that water safety is the basis of national economic security, enhance the sense of responsibility for protecting water resources, and run water conservation through every water use action.

In order to realize the sustainable utilization of water resources, besides the necessary water-saving measures, we must also actively explore the development of new water sources, such as the utilization of "reclaimed water". "Reclaimed water" refers to the discharged domestic sewage and industrial wastewater that can be reused after recycling. "Reclaimed water" is named in Japan, and the definition of "reclaimed water" has many explanations. Known as "reclaimed water" in sewage engineering and "reclaimed water" in factories, water quality is generally used as a distinguishing sign. The water after deep purification of urban sewage by treatment facilities (including the water after secondary treatment of sewage treatment plants and the water after concentrated treatment of bathing water and vegetable washing water in large buildings and living quarters) is collectively called "reclaimed water". On the one hand, the reuse of reclaimed water opens up a second water source for urban water supply, which can greatly reduce the consumption of "water supply" (tap water); On the other hand, it solves the water pollution problem caused by "sewage" to a certain extent, thus playing a role in protecting water sources and water quantity. Different amounts of domestic sewage are discharged near the city every day. These domestic sewage are used for farmland irrigation after being treated by sewage treatment plant, which not only opens up new water sources, but also makes full use of some nutrients in pollutants, increases the fertilizer efficiency of farmland and reduces environmental pollution, thus realizing part of its economic value.

refer to

[1] Xie Xiaokang. Soil and water conservation and the sustainable development of agriculture in Meizhou [J]. People's Pearl River, 1998, (5): 63 ~ 66

Zhang Yanjun Chen Ning. Concept, connotation and index system of sustainable development of water resources [J]. Regional R&D, 1998, (4): 37 ~ 39.

[3] Chen Nanjiang, Luo Baoshan. Practice in Meizhou —— Exploration and Summary of Mountain Tourism Development [J]. Guangdong Tourism,1999,5 ~ 6

[4] Wang Bingmei. On the development of private water conservancy in Meizhou [J]. People's Pearl River, 2004, (1): 9 ~ 10