Mona Lisa information

When people stare at Leonardo da Vinci's immortal Mona Lisa, they are often confused by the smiles of the characters in the painting. At first glance, people will appreciate a quiet smile; Further observation, you will feel that the smile has disappeared; Watch it again, the smile reappears, and then recedes. ...

Why does this painting have such a magical effect? Margaret Livingstone, a neurobiologist at Harvard Medical School, explained this in the recently published American magazine Science. She believes that Mona Lisa's mysterious smile is not so much related to the painter's painting skills as to the dislocation of her eyes.

Livingstone believes that Mona Lisa's steady smile is actually the result of our eye movements. According to Livingstone's analysis, the human eye observes the world through two different areas. One is the central area, called fovea, which allows people to see colors, identify printed symbols and distinguish details; The other is the peripheral area, which is distributed around the central fossa and is the area where people can distinguish between black and white, capture motion and distinguish shadows. People often look into each other's eyes when observing others. When appreciating the Mona Lisa, people first pay attention to the eyes of the characters. When the central area of the observer's eyes is on Mona Lisa's eyes, the line of sight of the "peripheral area" will fall on her mouth. Because the peripheral visual area does not pay attention to details, it will soon notice the shadows of Mona Lisa's cheekbones, and these shadows just make people realize the existence of a smile. However, when directly observing Mona Lisa's mouth, the central area of the human eye will not notice the shadow, so "people will never see a smile from her mouth." From this, Livingstone came to the conclusion that Mona Lisa's smile is hidden, which is entirely due to the effect of the observer's eyes swimming on her face. Margaret Livingston, a famous American neurologist and Harvard scholar, recently put forward his own views and theoretical basis on Mona Lisa, which is called the mystery of the world. She thinks this smile may be an optical illusion. If you look directly at Mona Lisa's lips, then a smile is invisible. Livingston explained that the human visual system has two observation areas, one is called the central area and the other is called the outer area, which is responsible for black and white and observing shadows and movements. To prove her theory, the scientist did an experiment. She scanned a photo, removed the shadow, and looked at it from the central area without a smile. With shadows, a smile can be observed from the external area. But Mona Lisa's smile is still a mystery. Some people think it is a symptom of facial paralysis, while others blame it on the pleasure of pregnancy.

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BEIJING, May 20 (Xinhua)-The Independent 19 reported that in the past 500 years, Leonardo da Vinci's Portrait of Mona Lisa has fascinated countless art lovers, but it has also puzzled scholars. Recently, an American scientist claimed to have found the smiling Mona Lisa in The Secret Behind.

When Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa's mouth, he used the technique of blurring the outline, which literally means "evaporate like smoke" in the original Italian text.

Livingstone, a neurobiologist at Harvard University in the United States, believes that this is not just a simple fuzzy technique. Leonardo da Vinci also tried to "deceive" human vision when painting, so that the viewer can clearly see Mona Lisa's smile from the side.

Livingstone put forward this theory in his new book Vision and Art: The Biology of Appreciation. She said in the book: The smile drawn in a vague way is more obvious in the peripheral vision, so when you concentrate on her mouth, the smile will disappear, just like when we look at the dim stars, the stars will disappear directly.

The true identity of the mysterious beauty in Mona Lisa, which was completed by the famous Italian Renaissance painter Leonardo da Vinci at the beginning of16th century, has a new explanation.

According to Scottish newspapers, vogt Luerssen wrote a book entitled "Who is the Mona Lisa? "Ask Her Identity" caused a sensation after it was published in Germany. This book claims that the woman in the Mona Lisa is the Duchess of Milan, the "confidante" and secret crush of the unfortunate Leonardo da Vinci. In Milan, she met Leonardo da Vinci, who painted for Milan court at that time, and later they became close friends. According to the painting itself and some archives and diaries of Leonardo da Vinci's contemporaries, he obtained the evidence that the characters in Mona Lisa wore mourning clothes and no jewelry, which was related to the death of the Duchess of Milan during Leonardo da Vinci's painting. In addition, the clothes worn by the people in the painting are also printed with the Forza family logo, which is the same as the background of the Duchess of Milan.

It is generally believed that the prototype of the Mona Lisa portrait is the wife of Florentine businessman Francisco Giocondo.

The self-portraits of Mona Lisa and Leonardo da Vinci are consistent in details such as facial features and hairline, which makes it impossible to deny the relationship between them. More and more art historians believe that the Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci while looking in the mirror.

Lillian Schwartz of Bell Laboratories had a whim one day. She overlapped the self-portraits of Mona Lisa and Leonardo da Vinci on the computer and found that the contours of their eyes, hairline and nose could be completely overlapped. Schwartz finally concluded that Mona Lisa is a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci. As for why Da Vinci painted himself as an eternal female image, one explanation is that he implicitly challenged the hegemonic discourse of western men represented by Christianity in this way. Mona Lisa is hermaphrodite and an ideal combination of human nature in Leonardo da Vinci's mind. Equal integration of men and women. Etymologically, the male reproductive god in ancient Egypt was called Amon, and the female reproductive god was called Lisa. If you play a little variation game, together, it becomes the Mona Lisa.

In the discussion about the prototype of Mona Lisa, the most popular view is that its prototype is the wife of Florentine businessman Giocondo.

According to this statement, at the request of Francisco de Zogondo, Leonardo da Vinci painted this portrait for this lady named Lisa di Gradini in four years. Geraldine was born in 1479. Da Vinci painted this picture when she was only 24 years old. Rumor has it that she is the mistress of a gentleman named Modesi.

According to The Times, German art historian Seest declared after years of research that the prototype of Mona Lisa is actually the legendary Italian woman sforza.

Sforza was only 25 when she became Credi's model. She is the illegitimate daughter of the Duke of Milan. She was legendary in Renaissance Italy and was called "the shrew". 1462, 15 years old, she married the nephew of Pope Sikortus IV, and the bride price was Foley and imola. Her first husband, lover and second husband were killed one after another. 1500, the Sforcha family lost the battle with the Borgia family and was imprisoned for one year after the city was broken. Eight years after his release, Sforza died at the age of 46.

Professor Carlo Weiss of Naples believes that the Mona Lisa in the painting is not a good woman, but a high-class prostitute in Naples. Leonardo da Vinci captured the smile of a professional seducer. Perhaps this statement has its credibility, because Leonardo da Vinci was indeed a frequent visitor to various romantic occasions during his stay in Florence.

For 500 years, people have been unable to agree on the mysterious smile of Mona Lisa. Different audiences or at different times look and feel different. I think she sometimes smiles comfortably and gently, sometimes looks serious, sometimes looks slightly sad, and sometimes even reveals ridicule and ridicule. In a painting, the change of light can't be as different as in sculpture. However, on Mona Lisa's face, dim shadows appear and disappear, covering her eyes and lips with a veil. However, people's smiles are mainly reflected in the corners of their eyes and corners of their mouths. But Leonardo da Vinci's descriptions of these parts are faint and have no clear boundaries, which is why there is such an elusive "mysterious smile".

Dr. Livingstone, a neuroscientist at Harvard University, said that Mona Lisa's smile was flickering, which was related to the human visual system, rather than the mysterious expression of the people in the painting. Dr. Livingstone is an authority on visual nerve activity, mainly studying the response of eyes and brain to different contrast and light and shade. Livingstone said: "The smile is flashing because the viewer has changed the position of his eyes." She said that the human eye has two different parts to receive images. The central part (that is, the shallow fossa on the retina) is responsible for distinguishing colors and marking them carefully. Pay attention to the black and white, movements and shadows around the shallow pit. According to Livingstone, when people look at a face, most of their eyes are fixed on the other person's eyes. If people's central vision is placed in Mona Lisa's eyes, then less accurate peripheral vision will fall on her mouth. Because peripheral vision does not pay attention to nuances, it invisibly highlights the shadow of cheekbones. In this way, the radian of the smile is even greater. However, when the eyes look directly at Mona Lisa's mouth, the central vision will not see the shadow. Livingstone said, "If you look at her mouth, you will never catch her smile." Mona Lisa's smile is looming because people's eyes are constantly shifting. Livingstone pointed out that if you want to copy the Mona Lisa, you should look away when describing your mouth.

1993, Susan Gill, a Canadian art historian, published a shocking research result. She said that Mona Lisa's lips, which attracted countless audiences, were men's bare backs. This argument is novel and absurd, but it is powerful. Leonardo da Vinci, a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and scientist, was a "geek". He likes to wear a pink coat, paint his beard with colorful colors without scruple, and often claims that he has dissected more than 30 bodies. He is still left-handed and used to write backwards from right to left. Others must use the mirror to read what he wrote. Therefore, using the mirror is also a way for the audience to read pictures. After rotating 90 degrees, Mona Lisa's lips in the mirror are just the back of a strong man with clear lines, as well as his left arm and elbow angle; Besides, expressing the beauty of human body and calling for the awakening of human nature is not only the master's philosophy of life, but also his artistic view.

Indeed, people will get different feelings when they appreciate this painting from different angles and under different light. That smile is sometimes gentle, sometimes serene and serious, sometimes slightly sad, and sometimes somewhat ironic and ridiculous. The mysterious smile reveals the mysterious spiritual activities of the characters.

For hundreds of years, new explanations of "smile" have emerged one after another. For example, smiling without showing white teeth is because the prototype is elegant and beautiful but not good at words; The prototype is depressed and unhappy because of the death of his beloved daughter, and it is difficult to hide his sadness. What's more, Mona Lisa was pushed off the throne of a lady, and the prototype was demoted to a prostitute, so she smiled with ridicule and ridicule.

Dr Joseph Baukowski of Maryland, USA, said: "The Mona Lisa didn't laugh at all. Her facial expression typically shows that she wants to hide that she has no front teeth. "

Dr Jean Jacques Kondert, a brain surgeon in Lyon, France, thinks that Mona Lisa has just suffered a stroke. Look, half of her face is flabby and her face is crooked, so she looks smiling.

Dr Kenneth gay friends, a British doctor, thinks the Mona Lisa is pregnant. His basis is that her face is satisfied, her skin is fresh and tender, and her hands are crossed on her abdomen. Sexologists speculate that Mona Lisa has just experienced an orgasm, so she showed a smile that fascinated the world.

There is also an almost nonsense statement: her expression looks like she ate phenylalanine, a pleasure hormone produced in her body after eating chocolate. Few people believe this statement because there was no chocolate at that time.

The Mystery of the Authenticity of Mona Lisa

It is said that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is collected in the Louvre in Paris. However, there is a saying in the collection that it is not the Mona Lisa hanging in the Louvre, but the real Mona Lisa hanging on the wall of an apartment in London.

Dr Pulitzer, the custodian of the apartment and the work, said that after the Mona Lisa was completed, the work was left in Lisa de Zogon's home. Later, another nobleman asked Da Vinci to paint a portrait of his mistress. The woman known as "La Gioconda" (meaning "smiling person") looks very much like the Mona Lisa. So the lazy Da Vinci changed the Mona Lisa's face into "Jokangda". After the painting was completed, the nobles abandoned La Qiaokangda and did not buy this painting. Later, at the invitation of Francis I, Leonardo da Vinci took the painting to France. Pulitzer said that what makes the Louvre more brilliant is the portrait of Gioconda. Mona Lisa was later exiled to England. At the beginning of this century, it was bought by william blake, a museum curator and art connoisseur, and later by a Swiss consortium, of which Pulitzer was a member.

At the beginning of this century, many people copied and forged famous works of art on a large scale, so there is reason to suspect that the one in London is a fake. However, Dr. Pulitzer is convinced of the authenticity of his paintings. He confirmed through photomicrography that the fingerprints on this painting in London are the same as those on other works of Leonardo da Vinci. According to records, the Mona Lisa is younger 19 years old than La Giocondo, and was painted with a veil of mourning. Of the two paintings, only the one in London shows a young woman wearing a beautiful veil. Another evidence is that Raphael drew a sketch when Leonardo da Vinci painted this painting. There are two pillars behind the Mona Lisa in the sketch, which appear in the portrait of London, while the background of the Louvre painting is cliffs, paths, stone bridges, trees and flowing water.

For hundreds of years, many collectors have claimed that they have the real Mona Lisa, and the number has reached as many as 60. More interestingly, the Bertrand Museum of Art in Maine received a Mona Lisa without a smile at 1984. It has been determined that this painting was indeed written by Leonardo da Vinci, and all the characters in the painting resemble the Mona Lisa. Experts speculate that this smiling Mona Lisa may be a manuscript drawn by the author at the same time.

There is also a saying that the Mona Lisa in the Louvre is a fake, which is based on the theft in 19 1 1. The Mona Lisa was stolen in that theft. Two years later, it appeared in Italy, but the colonnade on both sides behind the Mona Lisa has been cut off. A few years later, the Mona Lisa was returned to the Louvre. However, many experts believe that this recovery is only a smoke screen. The real Mona Lisa has been bought by a rich collector, and what hangs in the Louvre is only a fake.

The Mystery of the Background of Mona Lisa

Carlo pedretti, a professor at the University of California, believes that the background behind Mona Lisa is the scenery near Brianaud Bridge in arezzo, central Italy. Pedretti's evidence is that Da Vinci was born in Da Vinci Town, about 100 km from arezzo, and once lived in arezzo. The original landscape in this area is almost the same as the background of Mona Lisa. So Leonardo da Vinci probably used the pastoral scenery in this area as the background of Mona Lisa. When pedretti's views were published at the International Symposium on Da Vinci's Painting, many experts in art history affirmed his research results.

The mystery of Mona Lisa's death

According to records, Lisa Di Gradini died of depression at the age of 46, but a Japanese cardiologist said that he found a macula on the Mona Lisa's left eye, which is a sign of high cholesterol. Japanese cardiologists say the Mona Lisa should have died of a myocardial infarction.

Da Vinci (1452- 15 19)

As one of the most precious famous paintings, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Miller's Late Bell enjoy a high reputation in the world.

19 1 1 year, the Mona Lisa caused an unusual event. An Italian stole this painting from the Louvre in Paris. As soon as the news came out, the voice of regretting the theft of famous paintings boiled not only in France, but also all over the world.

I haven't found any clues about the trace of Mona Lisa for two years; Fortunately, however, the Louvre soon ushered in the return of this painting. At that time, the masses were so happy about the return of Mona Lisa. From the fact that a painting has caused such an uproar in the world, we can understand how powerful and invaluable the works of great painters are.

Another name of Mona Lisa is> According to reliable written records, the lady in the painting is from Naples. It is said that her real name is Cailar Ginny. However, after she married Francisco del Gioconda in 1495, people called her Madame Gioconda. Leonardo painted this lady when she was about 30 years old.

Vasari left a very detailed record about this female portrait.

Finch's motivation for creating this painting is that the Mona Lisa is very beautiful. In order to fully show it in the painting, he made careful preparations before starting to create. During the time when he painted Mrs. Jokangda, he tried his best to make her feel gentle and smiling from beginning to end. He constantly arranges musicians, singers and dancers around her. From this portrait, we can see how well Finch expresses his wife's feelings in this way. Therefore, whoever sees this painting will find an eternal smile on his wife's face. It doesn't seem to come from human hands, but the art created by real God. Therefore, it is no accident that this painting is recognized as a world masterpiece superior to all previous portraits.

In this article, vasari made a powerful and beautiful comment on Mona Lisa's smile. It is said that it took Finch four years to draw this painting. However, he still thinks that this has not achieved his expected description effect, but he finally failed to make any changes. Nevertheless, the Mona Lisa attracts people with an unprecedented unique charm. I often stand in front of the portrait of Mona Lisa. At first, I was just in a trance. After staring for a long time, I first felt some kind of life in the painting come back to life, then I saw a smile on her mouth, and finally I couldn't help but feel the fascinating rhythm from her quiet eyes and mysterious smile on her face. It is said that a person abroad went crazy in order to solve this incredible "smile mystery".

Apart from my face, what impressed me was my wife's noble and slender hands. It also aroused my long-term and endless interest. Red blood flowed in ivory carved fingers, and smooth hands were put together. The slender hand shape determines the steady beauty of the hand.

The scenery in this portrait has an unexpected background effect. The vast natural scenery sets off the lady and extends to the distance. When we appreciate the background, we must pay attention to the fact that the scenery in this painting can never be considered as real scenery. We must understand that all this is only described from the perspective of pure decorative function. Finally, it is worth our attention that the soft and beautifully pleated clothes worn by Mrs. Jokangda look very simple. This is the dress that Finch painted in green and gray luster tones. This kind of clothes will make people intoxicated with Mrs. Xiang. From the bare white chest to the curvy beauty flowing down the clothes, coupled with the smiles in the eyes and corners of the mouth, it is full of amazing power and matches the audience.

This wonderful and charming portrait left an indelible impression on the art world in Florence at that time. Who can describe such a beautiful lady with such vivid and beautiful lines? Needless to say, there was no painter in Florence at that time who could compare with Finch.