What are the common photographic filters and their effects?

Common ones are uv mirror, grey mirror, starlight mirror (also called star mirror), polarizer (CPL) and gradient mirrors of various colors.

Uv mirror: Generally, you will get a uv mirror when you buy a lens. This is of little use. We can think of it as protecting the lens from dust or bumps.

Starlight mirror: It can be divided into 2 lines, 4 lines, 6 lines, 8 lines, 16 lines, etc. It can produce the diffraction effect of light and form a radiant effect, which is mostly used in artistic photography.

Gray-scale mirror: The reducing mirror is also called medium-scale mirror, neutral gray-scale mirror or simply gray-scale mirror and nd mirror. Its main function is to reduce the amount of light entering the camera. You can use a slow shutter in a bright place.

Polarizer: Polarizer, also called polarizer, referred to as PL mirror.

. The excellent function of polarizer is that it can selectively let the light that vibrates in a certain direction pass through, and it is often used to eliminate or weaken the strong reflection of non-metallic surface in color and black-and-white photography, thus eliminating or reducing the light spot. For example, in landscape and scenery photography, it is often used to show the texture of objects with strong reflection, highlight the scenery behind the glass, darken the sky and show blue sky and white clouds.

Gradient mirror: Gradient mirror, also known as GND filter, is one of the most important filters in photographic art creation. It can be divided into gradient mirror and gradient diffusion mirror, and can be divided into soft gradient and hard gradient in gradient form. "Soft" means a large transition range, and vice versa, it means a small transition range, which should be chosen according to the creative characteristics.

These are commonly used lens filters.