Who can explain what camera aperture, gain, shutter and white balance mean and how to use them? Don't be too wordy, explain it simply and easily! thank

Aperture is a device used to control the amount of light entering the photosensitive surface of the fuselage through the lens, usually in the lens. To understand what an aperture is, we must first understand the relative aperture. The relative aperture is the ratio of the aperture diameter of the lens to the focal length of the lens. If the maximum aperture diameter of a camera lens is 25mm and the focal length is 50mm, then the maximum relative aperture of this camera lens is 1/2. The reciprocal of the relative aperture is called the aperture coefficient (also called F number) of the lens. Then according to this definition, the maximum aperture of this lens is f 2.0. Because the aperture number is the reciprocal of the relative aperture, the smaller the aperture number, the stronger the light passing ability of the lens. No matter for traditional cameras or digital cameras, the aperture is represented by the letter "F". Aperture number is a particularly important parameter. The smaller the F number, the larger the maximum aperture and the wider the application range of the boundary head.

Common aperture coefficients f: 1.4, 1.8, 2.0, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2, 3.4, 4.0, 4.5, 5.6, 6.3, 8.0, 1 1.0.

The aperture of the lens can be adjusted. According to the change of ambient light, the aperture should be adjusted accordingly. The aperture can be adjusted manually or automatically. Manual adjustment of aperture is called manual aperture; If the lens comes with a micro-motor to automatically adjust the aperture, it is called automatic aperture.

The output signal of the camera must reach the standard level of TV transmission, that is, 0.7vpp, in order to output the standard video signal of 0.7Vpp under different lighting conditions of the scene. The gain of the amplifier must be adjusted within a wide range. This circuit is called gain control circuit, or AGC for short. The sensitivity of the camera with AGC function is improved in low illumination, but the noise will be more obvious at this time.

Photography is an instantaneous art, so you can cut off time and leave a momentary feeling. Image is the most fundamental feature of photography. Shutter is an important weapon to express the concept of time in photography. Common shutter doors: door b,

1 sec,1/sec, 1/4, 1/8,1/5, 1/30,1/.

Generally speaking, people's psychological habit is 1/30 at first glance, so115 ~1125 is a medium-speed shutter. This kind of shutter has no special emotional color, gives people the feeling of taking a look, has the documentary nature, and is also the most commonly used shutter for photographers. If the theme you want to express has nothing to do with time and pays more attention to the expression of graphics, composition and flatness, you can choose such a shutter.

A shutter is a device that blocks light from entering a lens. Generally speaking, the larger the shutter time range, the better. Low seconds is suitable for shooting moving objects, so a camera emphasizes that the shutter can reach116000 seconds at the earliest, which can easily capture fast moving targets. But when you want to shoot the traffic at night, the shutter time will be lengthened, and the silky water flow effect in common photos will be taken with a slow shutter.

1) .2 ~115 seconds is a slow shutter, which compresses what happens in a slow time to 1/30 psychological time for the audience to see, highlighting the concept of sports. Of course, there are other meanings that make the audience feel slow, trance and silent.

2). 1/60~ 1/250 is a medium-speed shutter, which is commonly used.

3). 1/500~ 1/4000 is a high-speed shutter, which exceeds the reaction time of human eyes. In this way, the image can be retained by the shutter and extended to the audience in a short time, which can prolong the time and highlight the static effect. Of course, there is other meaning, such as surrealism. Above 1/4000 is an ultra-high speed shutter.

The white balance adjustment on the camera refers to accurately recording the color difference of the photographed object by changing the gain of red, green and blue electrical signals generated by shooting. White balance is the reducibility of the camera to white objects, which is represented by WB on the camera and is the abbreviation of white balance. Because white objects can be seen as white by human eyes under different illumination, white is used as a standard to confirm whether other colors are balanced, or when white correctly reflects white, other colors are correct.

At present, most cameras have many modes besides automatic white balance, such as tungsten lamp, fluorescent lamp, sunny day, cloudy day, sunny day backlight, flash lamp, manual white balance adjustment and so on.

I wish you happiness!