Basic photography knowledge

Introduction: Through exaggeration, the picture can be made more visually attractive, such as using the illusion caused by spatial perspective to take photos with interesting effects. The following is the basic photography knowledge that I have compiled and shared with you. Welcome to read and refer to it. Basic photography knowledge

Introduction to basic photography knowledge 1. Aperture, shutter, focus, depth of field

The control of exposure mainly depends on the size of the aperture and the speed of the shutter. To learn to shoot manually, you must learn how to coordinate aperture and shutter settings.

1. The relationship between exposure and aperture

Aperture is a hole in the camera lens that can change in size. It controls the amount of light entering the lens. Holding other factors constant, the wider the aperture, the more light will enter through the lens. It's like a window in a room, the wider it opens, the more light comes in.

The value of the aperture is usually expressed by the f-stop value. It should be noted that the larger the f-stop value, the smaller the aperture is. For example: the aperture of f16 is smaller than the aperture of f8.

When the shutter speed remains unchanged, the size of the aperture determines the lightness and darkness of the photo. If the aperture is too large, the exposure will be overexposed and the photo will be completely white. If the aperture is too small, the exposure will be insufficient and the photo will be pitch black.

2. The relationship between exposure and shutter

The shutter is a gate that controls the entry of light. Holding other factors constant, the higher the shutter speed, the less light will enter through the lens. vice versa. It is equivalent to the length of time the window is open.

Both aperture and shutter can control exposure. Their combination is the main factor in controlling exposure and affects each other. If you close the aperture one level (for example, from f/4 to f/5.6) and double the shutter speed (for example, from 1/60 to 1/30), their exposure will be the same. .

3. The importance of focus

Focusing refers to the process of adjusting the focal length of the lens to make the image the clearest after pointing the lens at the subject. Only when the focus is correct can the image be clear, otherwise the image will be blurry.

4. The relationship between depth of field, aperture, distance and focal length

Introduction to basic photography knowledge

The "scene" in depth of field refers to the scene we want to shoot, " "Deep" is the depth range of clarity. When the lens focuses on the shooting target, this corresponds to a clear image on the CCD sensor. Scenery within a certain range in front and behind it can also be recorded more clearly. This range is the depth of field.

The greater the depth of field, the greater the clear range of deep scenes. The smaller the depth of field, the smaller the clear range of deep scenes.

The three major factors that affect the depth of field are:

(1) Aperture: When the focal length and distance of the lens remain unchanged, the smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field, and vice versa.

(2) Distance: When the focal length and aperture of the lens remain unchanged, the closer to the shooting target, the smaller the depth of field, and the further away from the shooting target, the larger the depth of field.

(3) Focal length: When the distance and aperture remain unchanged, the shorter the focal length of the lens, the greater the depth of field. That is, a short-focus lens has a large depth of field, and a telephoto lens has a small depth-of-field.

Introduction to basic photography knowledge 2. Basic patterns of photographic composition

(1) Balanced and stable composition

Balance is balance. It is distinguished from symmetry. The picture composed in this form is not a one-to-one correspondence between the shapes, quantities, sizes, and arrangements of the scenery on the left and right sides, but different arrangements of equal or similar shapes, quantities, and sizes, which gives people visual stability and is a kind of The balance of responses of special shapes and quantities is an artistic balance that makes use of perspective rules and visual habits such as near weight and far light, near weight and far light, near weight and far light, depth and weight, shallow light, etc. Of course, equilibrium also includes symmetrical equilibrium.

Balanced composition gives people a sense of tranquility and stability, but does not have the rigid and lifeless appearance of absolute symmetry, so it is a commonly used form by photographers in composition. Balance has also become the key to photographic composition. One of the basic requirements.

To form a balanced composition, the key is to choose a good balance point (balanced object). What is the equilibrium point? This depends on the artistic effect. As long as the position is appropriate, small objects can be balanced with large objects, distant objects can be balanced with near objects, and moving objects can also be balanced with static objects and low scenery. It can also balance tall scenery. It is necessary to practice and learn more to make good use of this artistic skill.