Basic knowledge reference of photography

Beginners who want to learn photography well must master some basic knowledge. The following is a reference about the basic knowledge of photography that I collected for you, hoping to help you!

First, new buyers must pay attention to four points if they want to take good photos.

Please read the product manual carefully.

Speaking of product manuals, it should be before we disassemble the machine, right? However, what is first seen in this process is thrown aside by most users and ignored. As we all know, for ordinary family users and some beginners in photography, product manuals are the best first teachers.

Don't be superstitious about automatic mode

For digital cameras, the parameter settings that can affect the imaging effect generally include sensitivity, exposure and white balance. Automatic mode is the most commonly used mode for beginners. In this mode, the above three parameters are controlled by the camera itself and cannot be changed artificially. For example, in some environments with large light, the automatic exposure of the camera may not be accurate enough, so we can make appropriate exposure compensation adjustment in the automatic exposure mode of P-file program to achieve the ideal value. In addition, when shooting at night, if automatic ISO is used, the camera often uses the highest sensitivity to ensure the shutter speed, which brings serious noise. In fact, we can appropriately increase the sensitivity and turn on the built-in flash according to the light conditions at that time.

Second, the mistakes that beginners easily make: primary and secondary.

You can often see people taking pictures in the park. The photographer is far away from the subject, and the camera used does not have a zoom lens. We can conclude that this will not be a successful photo shoot. Because the photographer can't figure out what he wants to show, is it people or scenery? In terms of composition arrangement and theme conception, photos can only have one theme, and other contents should be theme-centered, which can serve as a foil and better highlight and express the theme connotation. As far as outdoor scenery photos are concerned, there are generally the following two situations:

( 1) ? People-oriented. Most photography falls into this category. People should occupy the main position in the picture and become the visual center. If we can further vividly reproduce the inner temperament of the characters through expressions, movements and other contents, it will definitely make it worth collecting forever!

(2) Take the scenery as the center and the characters as the decoration. It is often used to express special scenery. Yin-yang face and big black face "Yin-yang face" means that the portrait face is 90 degrees? Side light, half black and half white, this shooting method often shows a strong dramatic effect, if it is not suitable for life photography. Big black face refers to the consequences of underexposure of backlit portraits. If you shoot the back or side of the character, you can achieve the effect of silhouette. In fact, as long as you pay a little attention to changing the angle when shooting, you can avoid it.

Third, how to grasp the photographic sensitivity of beginners?

Set sensitivity

ISO sensitivity is an indicator of light sensitivity. The higher the sensitivity, the more sensitive to light. Generally speaking, the higher the sensitivity, the better the effect when shooting moving objects or low light. However, there are more image noise signals at high sensitivity. On the contrary, the sensitivity is low, the image noise signal is reduced, and the image quality is good, but it is not suitable for shooting moving objects or low light environment.

An easy way to take good photos without using flash is to adjust ISO. Of course, if the ISO setting is improved, the graininess of photos will be more serious, which requires users to master flexibly according to the situation at that time. As we are familiar with traditional cameras, ISO sensitivity indicates the sensitivity of film to light, which is equivalent to100,200,400. The greater the sensitivity value, the more suitable it is to be used in dimly lit places, but it will lose the vividness and naturalness of colors.

Fourth, support for new friends in photography!

Friends who are ready to play photography and don't buy cameras have a look below! )

1, don't think about what you mainly shoot and what you can't shoot.

It's a waste of time to think about it, let alone decide what equipment to buy from it. 100% people don't ask themselves which street they will go to, which alley they will go to, how many car accidents they will have and how many red lights they will run before they learn to drive.

2 ? Don't be superstitious If you want to shoot a certain subject well, you must equip some equipment. For example, if you want to take a portrait of 85/ 1.4, the scenery of 16-35/2.8L, and the insects of 100/2.8macro ~ ~ you are the black sheep. You can also take portraits from a wide angle, and telephoto shots are more scenic.

3. The camera is used to create visual enjoyment. It is pragmatic to choose a thin and practical camera as far as possible. Of course, a beautiful appearance should at least complement your appearance.

4 ? It's best not to buy the so-called lens of traveling around the world in one mirror, because the possibility of traveling around the world is very small. If you can travel around the world, you can't shoot anything with a lens like 24-300. Why? Just ask a friend who bought this kind of lens. They may be depressed.

5、 ? If you don't have any foundation and are not interested in learning the basic knowledge of cameras, you might as well choose a digital pocket machine, which can adjust the aperture manually. Don't buy a camera or a film feed machine, because once you find yourself really more and more inspired, you will spend a lot of money to buy a better camera, which is the law.

6、 ? Beautiful photos on the Internet, including excellent photos in forums, especially digital works, are almost all carefully produced in the later stage, which is also an indispensable part of photography. Therefore, in the forum, if you are interested in asking DX, you should sincerely explore the PS solution from them, instead of interviewing them where the inspiration came from when they pressed the shutter-I mean, inspiration is hard to learn, but technology is.

7 ? Participating in various shooting activities can certainly improve the level quickly, but it can't further improve the level. Photography is a lonely art, whether it is portrait or landscape, only by independent thinking can we have a unique style of work that satisfies us. Therefore, in my opinion, if you want to make more friends, you should take part in more activities. If you want to improve your photography skills, try to practice alone and learn your own. It was fun.

8、 ? Since you play photography, you don't have to follow too many dogmas. You can immerse yourself in self-satisfaction first, and then slowly accept other people's opinions and suggestions. After all, photography is a subjective art, of course, getting more people's recognition is an addictive enjoyment.

9 ? Don't start with a handsome guy, it will make you feel lazy. A really handsome guy looks good no matter how he shoots. It is suggested to start with the old and ugly models. Shooting such models has little psychological pressure, and generally they will not demand how good you shoot, and they generally know that they are not very photogenic. Once you shoot well, you will feel more fulfilled!

10、 ? It's no use trying to kiss DX's ass and teach you a few tricks in exchange for DX's favor. The correct way is to clap bricks reasonably and ask questions with questions. DX people often try their best to clarify his creative thinking, so as to improve faster.

Fifth, the basic knowledge of composition that novices should learn!

Composition should pay attention to echo and symmetry, which is the traditional aesthetic standard of China. Based on this, the composition of photographic works should also pay attention to the following aspects:

1, horizontal position, so that the taken image will not be skewed. You can use buildings, telephone poles and other objects parallel or vertical to the ground as reference objects, and try to keep the picture balanced when taking pictures.

2, good color balance, the picture should have a strong sense of hierarchy, to ensure that the main body can stand out from all backgrounds. Such as complementary colors, the so-called red flowers and green leaves are in line with this truth. With the same color balance, people wearing black clothes generally don't arrange to shoot on a dark background.

3. Foreground can balance the picture. Sometimes, when we find that the vacancy on the picture is unbalanced, such as when the sky in Wan Li is cloudless and monotonous, we put drooping branches and leaves on it to make up for the lack of the picture; Sometimes the bottom of the picture can't be pressed. When the top is heavy and the bottom is light, you can use rocks and railings as the foreground, and the dark color makes the picture feel depressed, achieving a stable and balanced effect. The foreground adopts the expression of virtual focus, which gives people a feeling of hazy beauty. Using people's psychological factors for balance, we can emphasize the expressive force of the picture from several aspects:

A, symmetrical composition, symmetry has always been emphasized by our nation, and it has always been a palace. The capitals are all symmetrically arranged. It emphasizes a solemn atmosphere, and a simple and solemn relationship is displayed in a "stable" symmetrical balance.

B, the virtual and the real echo the layout, just like Jiangnan gardens. In some lyrical landscape pictures that emphasize elegance, quietness and softness, it is required that there can be sparse and dense, virtual and real in the changing balance picture, but overall balance is required. In an idyllic scene, such as a cow in the lower left corner, there should be a cloud in the sky in the upper right corner.

Sixth, photography skills: the skills of life photography mode

Characteristics of life photography:

Real life itself is extremely rich. After work, people should carry out various activities, such as study, rest, entertainment and housework. People in different occupations have different lifestyles, and so do people of the same sex? Hobbies. These colorful photos of real life provide extremely rich materials. Life photography is also very lively. Life photography is different from industry, agriculture, sports and stage photography. There are many restrictions, shooting is very free, there are no rules and regulations, and it is generally not limited by time, environment and climate.

General requirements of life photography:

1. A photo that reflects the truth of life shows the real people in life, which is the truth of life. Although the truth of life exists objectively, it is a natural thing, with good and bad, beauty and ugliness coexisting, so what happens in life, reflected in photos, should be healthy in thought.

2. Do you want it? Life photography reflecting people's mental outlook, like other types of photography, is an endless activity. Through people's specific activities, we can reflect people's living conditions and record people's life experiences, so it reflects people's mental outlook. More importantly, the form is vivid. Some life photography works only see the appearance of the characters, but can't see the hearts of the characters. This is far from a true record, let alone artistic value.

3. Have a strong flavor of life. Life photography works must have a strong flavor of life, which is different from other photography creations. Works without life breath are dull in content and dull in image. Therefore, the author must learn to capture the real shot and avoid man-made and fake.

Life photography practice:

1. Shoot? Group photo In life photography, group photo is common, and "all" is this type of photo. All kinds of cameras can take pictures. If possible, put the camera on a tripod to slow down and shrink. Small aperture, increase depth of field. Before shooting, arrange the subject reasonably, focus, and check whether the nearest person and the farthest person are within the depth of field of the aperture used. Are you ready, that is to say, to the theme? Forecast: "Attention, get ready to shoot!" At the same time, observe the expression of the subject and wait for an opportunity to press the shutter.

Shooting points: 1. Select side light and expose it according to the dark part of the face; Second, use a small aperture and a long depth of field; Third, the arrangement of characters should not be too wide, and the line of sight of characters should be consistent.

2. Take small photos of people. Whether shooting old people, young people or children, we should be good at reflecting their characteristics and depicting their external forms and internal psychology. The treatment of lighting, composition and tone should be suitable for everyone.

When shooting people, use a standard lens or a telephoto lens. The telephoto lens can capture the natural expression of the subject when he is not paying attention.

Shooting points: First, the light can be side light, side backlight and backlight; Second, the depth of field should be short and the focus should be realistic; Third, tone management varies from person to person and from situation to situation; Fourth, pay attention to expression and advocate snapshot.

3. When taking photos of family life, you should also be good at choosing the lens. Pay attention to the emotions of the characters when shooting, don't be pushed around by others, and don't go against the truth of life.

Shooting points: First, we should make great efforts to refine the theme, so that the environment and atmosphere are consistent with the theme; Second, the scene should be realistic; Third, the picture is vivid and the life atmosphere is strong; Fourth, make full use of the on-site light source and fill the light appropriately; Fifth, the aperture and speed should be flexible.

Seven, a simple and practical light formula!

The popular and easy-to-remember formula of running out of light helps you get rid of the trouble of running out of light!

Basic control:

1, plus: the background is bright and the main body is dark, and the flash is used as compensation.

2. subtraction: the subject is bright and the background is dark. Find something to block the light.

3. multiplication: the reflector should be used skillfully and placed properly.

4, except: single beam according to the face, plastic pockets come in handy.

Specific control:

1, looking for light before choosing scenery, facial beautification is the most important.

2. At the intersection of sunshine and shadow, you can see a good scene in the edge light.

3, the reflection area should be commonly used, and the light sense is beautiful and vivid.

4, lighting can't just stare at the face, hair background should be clear.

5, messy light is not available, facial lighting should be clean.

6. Although the lighting position is important, the opportunity to use light needs to be controlled.

7. Under the best light, turn around and choose beautiful scenery.

8. You didn't feel wrong, and the light direction was not selected correctly.

To tell the truth, a photographer's 10 suggestions.

1. Don't think about what you shoot mainly and what you won't shoot secondly before you come into contact with photography. It's a waste of time to think about it, let alone make a decision about what equipment to buy. 100% people don't ask themselves which street they will go to, which alley they will go to several times in their lives, and how many times they will run red lights. The road of photography is unknown, and there is no need to rely on interest to explore and advance.

2. Don't be superstitious. If you want to shoot a subject well, you must equip yourself with some equipment. For example, if you want to take portraits at 85/ 1.4, scenery at 16-35/2.8L, and insects at 100/2.8macro, you will become a black sheep. You can also take portraits from a wide angle and scenery from a telephoto.

The camera is used to create visual enjoyment, not to smash walnuts and fight back in self-defense when encountering gangsters. It is pragmatic to choose a thin and practical camera as far as possible. Of course, the appearance should be beautiful, at least it should complement your appearance.

It's best not to buy the so-called lens of traveling around the world in one mirror, because you are unlikely to travel around the world. If you can travel around the world, you can't shoot anything with a lens like 24-300. Why? Just ask a friend who bought this kind of lens. They may be depressed.

If you don't have any foundation and are not interested in learning the basic knowledge of camera, you might as well choose a digital pocket machine first, which should be able to adjust the aperture manually. Don't buy a stupid machine or a movie starter. Because once you find yourself really more and more inspired, you will spend a lot of money to buy a better camera. This is the law. It's out of date to start with film now.

6. Good-looking photos on the Internet, including excellent photos in the forum, especially digital works, are almost all carefully produced in the later stage, which is also an indispensable part of photography. So, if you are interested in asking DX in the forum, you should sincerely explore the PS solution from them, instead of interviewing them where the inspiration came from when they pressed the shutter-I mean, inspiration is hard to learn.

7. Participating in various shooting activities can certainly improve the level quickly, but it can't further improve the level. Photography is a lonely art, whether it's portrait or landscape, there may be a unique style of work to satisfy your independent thinking. Therefore, in my opinion, if you want to make more friends, you should take part in more activities. If you want to improve your photography skills, try to practice alone and learn your own. It was fun.

8. Since you play photography, you don't have to follow too many dogmas. You can immerse yourself in self-satisfaction first, and then slowly accept other people's opinions and suggestions. After all, photography is a subjective art, of course, getting more people's recognition is an addictive enjoyment. I mean, you don't have to take other people's comments too seriously. No one knows your own photography pursuit better than yourself.

9, portraits, don't start with beautiful guys, it will give you an inertia. Real beautiful women and handsome men look good no matter how they shoot. It is suggested to start with the ugly. Shooting such a model has little psychological pressure, and generally it is not demanding how well you shoot, and they generally know that they are not very photogenic, and once they shoot well, they will have a sense of accomplishment!

10. For beginners, don't flatter DX. It's no use trying to teach you a few tricks in exchange for DX's favor. The correct way is to clap bricks reasonably and ask questions with questions ~~~DX people often try their best to clarify the use skills of digital cameras.

Nine, teach you 22 practical special effects tricks

With the acceleration of the popularization of digital cameras, many ordinary consumers have already owned digital cameras and experienced the happiness of digital photography. When we take pictures with digital cameras, we often encounter problems of one kind or another, which leads to the failure of the shooting work. The following are the causes of these problems and their solutions:

1, the taken image is not clear.

1. Although? However, the highest resolution is used, and the light is good, but the photos taken are blurred. This situation is usually caused by camera shake when the shutter button is pressed. Because the sensitivity of digital camera is low, so, use digital? When the camera takes pictures, it takes longer to hold the camera. To take the clearest picture, you must hold the camera steady, even the slightest shaking will cause the image to blur. Solution: Hold the camera steady, use a tripod when taking pictures, or put the camera on a table, counter or other fixed objects. Then there is the word "practice", usually practicing the basic skills of holding the machine.

The autofocus mark of the viewfinder is not placed on the subject. Place the autofocus frame on the subject, or use the focus lock function.

The lens is dirty. A dirty lens will make it difficult for the camera to find the field of vision and blur the image. Clean the lens with special lens cleaning paper.

Improper mode selection. When the standard mode is selected, the photographed object is shorter than the minimum effective distance (0.6m) of the lens. Or when the close-up mode is selected, the subject is far away from the minimum effective distance.

When the subject is in the range of 0.3-0.6M, take photos in close-up mode. Outside this range, take pictures in standard mode.

In selfie mode, stand in front of the camera and press the shutter release button. You should look at the viewfinder and press the shutter button. Don't stand in front of the camera and press the shutter button.

Use the fast focus function in the incorrect focus range. Use the correct fast focus key for visual distance.

2. The image is too dark

The flash was blocked by the finger. Hold the camera correctly and don't let your fingers block the flash.

Press the shutter release button before charging the flash. Wait until the orange light stops flashing.

No flash is used. Press the flash assist lever to set the flash.

The subject is placed outside the effective range of the flash, and the subject is placed within the effective range of the flash.

The main body is too small and backlit. Set the flash in auxiliary flash mode or use fixed-point metering mode.

3. The image is too bright

The flash is set to the auxiliary flash mode. Set the flash mode to a mode other than the auxiliary flash.

The photo is very bright. Adjust exposure.

4. The color of the image taken indoors is unnatural.

The reason is that lighting equipment affects the image. At this time, the flash mode is set to the auxiliary flash mode.

5. The outline of the image is blurred.

The reason is that the finger or belt partially blocks the lens. Hold the camera correctly, and don't let your fingers or tape block the lens.

6, the flash is not bright

The flash is not set. Press the flash eject lever to set the flash.

The flash is charging. Wait until the orange light stops flashing.

The photo is very bright. Use the auxiliary flash mode.

After the flash is set, if the indicator light on the control panel lights up, the flash works abnormally. Please repair it.

7. The camera is not moving

The power is not turned on. Press the power button to turn on the power.

The battery polarity is wrong. Install the battery correctly.

The battery is dead. Update the battery.

The battery has temporarily failed. Please keep the battery warm when using; In the process of taking pictures, the battery is temporarily not used.

The card cover has been opened. Close the card cover.