Seeking the cultivation techniques of cymbidium hybridum

Variety of Cymbidium hybridum: Memories of the Past C. Plair' days memory' Photography Wang Siqing generally takes 3-4 years from the time when the tissue culture seedlings come out of the bottle to the time of flowering, and its growth cycle standard is as follows: after the tissue culture seedlings come out of the bottle, they are put into a 50-hole or 66-hole hole tray, and the substrate is water moss, and they are cultured for 2 months. 8×8 black nutrition bowl, with bark as matrix, cultured for 5 months. 12× 12 black nutrition bowl, with bark as matrix and stone as bottom cushion, cultured for 7 months. 15× 18 black nutrition bowl, with bark as matrix and stone as bottom cushion, cultured for 5 to 7 months. 18×22 hard plastic pot, with bark as the substrate and stones as the bottom cushion, cultured for 12 ~ 15 months. There are other types of cultivated orchids, see the picture below (please click on the picture to enlarge).

Temperature: The optimum growth temperature is 10℃ to 30℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is above 8℃. Illumination: the optimum illumination intensity for growth is 15000 ~ 40000 lux, and the maximum illumination intensity is preferably less than 70000 lux. Air humidity: I like humidity very much, but I should pay attention to ventilation, or I will get anthrax easily. The humidity of small seedlings should be 80% to 90%, and the humidity of large and medium seedlings should be 60% to 85%. Fertilizer and water: 1. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilization growth period is1:1:kloc-0/,the ratio of promoting flowering is 1:2:2 to 3, and the pH value of fertilizer solution is 5.8 to 6.2. Generally speaking, the fertilization concentration is 3500-4000 times for young seedlings, 2000-3500 times for medium and large seedlings, and 1-2 times/day in summer (water and fertilizer are applied alternately), and fertilization is generally applied once every three days in other seasons. Organic fertilizer: organic fertilizer should be applied once a month from the time the tissue culture seedlings come out of the bottle to the time before flowering. The ratio of bean cake to bone meal in the growing period is 2: 1, and pure bone meal should be applied in the flowering period. Organic fertilizer can't be applied to roots. If the salt content of bone meal is too high, it can be washed with clear water and then applied. It is best to stop applying organic fertilizer in winter. The application rates at different stages are as follows: 8cm× 8cm nutrient bowl: 1 to 2g/ pot12cm nutrient bowl: 7 to 9g/ pot 15cm× 18cm nutrient bowl: 12g. Potted long-acting slow-release fertilizer: Long-acting slow-release fertilizer is also widely used in Cymbidium hybridum, usually in the mode of n: p: k =13:1:13, and the validity period is 3 months or 6 months. Slow-release fertilizers begin to release nutrients after 1 month, so it is necessary to ensure the fertilizer supply within 1 month. The dosage of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is generally 2 ~ 3g for young seedlings, 6g for middle seedlings and 0g for big seedlings18g. 2. Sprinkler irrigation is generally used for watering production. Water is poured once a day in May and September, twice a day in July and August, and every two to three days from May 438+00 to April of the following year. The watering frequency can be adjusted at any time according to the size of seedlings and weather conditions. Note that Cymbidium hybridum requires high water quality, and the conductivity EC should be less than 0.3 ms/m. Facilities: Cymbidium hybridum is generally cultivated in plastic or heating greenhouses, and the cultivation in plain areas should be equipped with alpine bases to promote summer flowering. At present, Yunnan is the main producing area of Cymbidium hybridum in China. Plastic greenhouses are generally used and need heating in winter. When the temperature rises in summer, the plastic film in the greenhouse should be removed and replaced with a sunshade net. Arch Cymbidium: Jasper Evening Primrose' Eternal Green' Cymbidium Variety Photography Wang Siqing

Cultivation medium: 50-hole pots are made of water moss, and the blooming cymbidium is soaked with 800 to 1000 times of thiophanate methyl, thiophanate methyl or carbendazim.

2-4 hours, old seaweed drying 1 to 2 hours, medicine is also available after noon. Tissue culture rooting seedlings: take a bottle and exercise in the greenhouse for 1-3 days, and temper the seedlings in the shade in summer. Before sowing, take the seedlings out of the tissue culture bottle, remove the culture medium, wash them with clean water, then wash them with 800 times carbendazim solution, pack the seedlings into three grades, use 50-hole trays, spray fertilizer on the leaves half a month after sowing, and after sowing, the EC value is 0.8-0.9. When the plug seedlings are cultured for 2 ~ 3 months, they can be put into 8×8 nutrition pots, and fine bark can be used as substrate at this time. Bark application standard: 2-5 mm bark for seedlings, 5- 18mm bark for middle seedlings and 8- 18 mm bark for big seedlings. Seedling: annual seedlings in 8×8 and 12× 12 nutrient pots, generally without lateral buds. One-year-old seedlings: transfer the seedlings that have grown for about 65,438+0 years to a big pot (the diameter of the inner mouth is 65,438+05 or 65,438+08 cm), and generally leave two bulbs for each plant, which is the best, and peel the other lateral buds by hand. When the bud length is 5 cm, it is most suitable for sparse bud. Because the lateral buds had no roots before 15 cm long, they began to take root after 15 cm. Different varieties leave buds in different ways, and some leave/kloc-0 bulbs per seedling. Two-year-old seedlings: refer to seedlings that have grown for more than 24 months and do not need to change pots. At this stage, the seedlings are applied with organic fertilizer 15g/ pot every month. With the growth of seedlings, apply 18 to 20g/ pot every month. After changing pots 12 months, only bone powder was applied. Before 10 months, the buds became thinner, from 1 1 month. Medium-sized flowers: 2-3 sun buds can be left in each pot, and 4-6 flowers are expected to bloom in the future. It is enough to ensure that the temperature at night in winter is not lower than 5℃. Cultivation of flowering plants: (three years) night temperature 15℃ to 20℃ and daily temperature 23℃ to 25℃ from March to June in spring. June to 10, night temperature 15℃ to 20℃, daily temperature 20℃ to 25℃; After 1 1 month, the night temperature 10℃ to 15℃, and the daily temperature is 20℃. From February to April, apply organic fertilizer 10g/ pot every month (bean cake: bone meal 2: 1), and apply organic fertilizer 14g/ pot every time after April. From June to 10, the temperature difference will increase, and flat cultivators will generally go up the mountain to cultivate. Bone meal is mainly used here, about 15g per pot. When the flower buds appear, the organic fertilizer should be stopped immediately, and after 1 10, the flower spike will be formed. After the arrow is determined, all new buds will be erased. Most varieties can see flower buds from the end of September to 10. If the flower arrow is supported by a sheathed wire with a diameter of 5 mm, it will stand up when the flower bud grows to 15 cm. The lowest point of the pierced arrow is 10 cm, the interval is 6-8 cm, and the length of the column is generally 80 cm, 100 cm. Key technology of flowering regulation: 1. Temperature: June to1October, 20℃ to 25℃ during the day and 15℃ to 20℃ at night. High temperature above 30℃ is not conducive to flower bud differentiation and development, and it can tolerate short-term high temperature, and the temperature difference between day and night must be large. 2. Illumination: strong light can improve the flowering rate, but too strong will lead to the death of young flower buds, which is generally controlled below 60,000 lux. 3. Water control: Proper water control during flower bud development can promote flower bud differentiation and inflorescence formation. 4.C/N ratio: the buds are smeared all year round to increase the P/K ratio and increase the C/N ratio in the plant. 5. Selective fertilization:1~ June, balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; Increase the P/K ratio to 10 in June. 6. Flowers of Cymbidium hybridum: insufficient nutrients at flowering stage, high temperature or temperature difference greater than 10℃ are easy to cause falling flowers and thunder. Dark flowers like strong light, and low temperature can make the color black or brown. 7. Flower forcing in mountainous areas above 800- 1000 meters above sea level: it is not afraid of rain and can be cultivated in the open. Just temporarily build a 50% sunshade net. At high temperature, Cymbidium hybridum needs a lot of water, so it is necessary to prepare enough water. The water quality also requires the conductivity to be less than 0.3 ms/m. Flowering mechanism of Cymbidium hybridum: 1. Growth and flowering habits: There are no axillary buds at the base of pseudobulb 1-2 nodes, and the flower stems are usually pulled out at 2-4 nodes in pseudobulb. The germination of buds is mainly controlled by temperature, and it usually takes 8- 12 months for new buds to germinate and grow in pseudobulb. Long sunshine, high temperature, high light intensity and high fertility can promote the growth of new buds, but high temperature and high fertility will affect the expansion of pseudobulb. After June, plant height elongation will slowly stop and flower buds will begin to form. The inflorescence will differentiate from the top of axillary bud in two months. After the completion of inflorescence differentiation, if the lowest temperature at night is controlled at 15 ~ 18 degrees, it will develop smoothly until the flower stem. The early variety blooms from September to165438+1October, the middle variety blooms from February to February, and the late variety blooms in April. 2. Correlation between flower bud formation and light conditions: inflorescence is not formed under short-day conditions with poor growth of new stems, and the light intensity is strong: leaves are short, pseudobulb is large and full, and there are many flower buds. However, the flower bud differentiation period and flower quality are not affected by light intensity. 3. Correlation between flower bud differentiation and flowering and temperature conditions: 20℃~ 25℃ during the day and 10℃~ 15℃ at night are the best temperatures for flower bud differentiation and formation. When the temperature is too high, pollen formation is blocked and the whole inflorescence dies. Generally, the temperature of flower stem elongation and flowering is about 65438 05℃. If the temperature is higher than 30℃ during the day and 20℃ at night, it will affect the formation of inflorescence. After 60 days of high temperature, the inflorescence development will all stop. Inflorescences above 3 cm are more susceptible to high temperature than inflorescences below 3 cm. The differentiation of flower buds depends on the time when the leaves of new buds stop growing and pseudobulb matures. The application technology of dwarfing agent: the leaf length of Cymbidium hybridum is 50 ~ 60cm, and the leaf length is 70 ~ 80cm without dwarfing agent. In Japan, in order to improve production efficiency and reduce unit area, paclobutrazol (PP333) is generally used to shorten the length of leaves. Specific watering method: when the leaves grow to 30 to 40 cm, the application of dwarfing technology has the best effect. It should be irrigated with 10ppm to 30ppm paclobutrazol from February to March. Special varieties may need to be treated twice, and most varieties can be treated with 1 time. In this way, the growth of leaves can be inhibited by about 10 cm, the flowers are higher than leaves by 10 ~ 20cm, and the flower stems will be reduced accordingly, so that the proportion of flowers will be large, the sense of balance will be strong and the ornamental effect will be better. Orchids with large flowers

Key points of cut flower cultivation technology: cut flowers of Cymbidium hybridum gradually reveal business opportunities. In the Dutch auction market, the average auction price of Cymbidium hybridum 1 cut flowers is 2.35 euros, and the auction amount is 7 10/00000 euros, ranking sixth among cut flowers (VBN data of Dutch Flower Auction Association in 2006). At present, only a small amount of Cymbidium hybridum is exported in China, and the market prospect is very good. Variety selection: cut flower varieties should be selected for cultivation. Promote flowers in the mountains: the cultivation techniques of cut flowers are the same as when potted plants bloom for the first time. In summer, flowers are promoted on the mountain in June, and cut flowers when they bloom. This plant leaves two buds for the next year after flowering, and will not go up the mountain again. The flowering period of this plant is later than that of the mountain, which is equivalent to prolonging the flowering period. Harvest of cut flowers: 20 ~ 30% of inflorescences are suitable for harvesting and stored in cold storage at 2 ~ 5℃. Cut flowers are packed in soft paper and transported in cartons. The service life of the bottle can reach more than 30 days. The daily cultivation techniques of Cymbidium hybridum are: (1) selection of culture medium. In the cultivation of Cymbidium hybridum, some cultivation substrates with larger particles should be selected; Generally, vermiculite, coconut crumbs, broken bricks, clay and water moss can be used for planting. (2) Lighting control. Compared with the traditional Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum has higher requirements for light. Insufficient light will lead to slender plants and weak disease resistance, which will also obviously affect the reproductive growth of cymbidium; Shading is 20%-30% in spring, 40%-50% in summer, and the light can be increased from late September to 65438+February. Shading in midsummer is 50%-60%, and sunshine in autumn is beneficial to the formation and differentiation of flower buds. If auxiliary light is added when planting Cymbidium hybridum in greenhouse in winter, it is very beneficial to flowering. (3) Fertilizer management. At present, the cultivation of Cymbidium hybridum mostly adopts soilless substrate, and the fertilizer efficiency is not enough, so the application of fertilizer in Cymbidium hybridum cultivation is very important. Generally, fertilizers containing more nitrogen, such as urea, should be selected from March to September; 5438+ 10 More kinds of phosphorus and potassium should be applied in June, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate. You can also use special fertilizer for orchids. The concentration is generally 0. 1%-0.3%. At the same time, topdressing 1-2 times a month in April-May after flowering and September 9- 10/0 in autumn; The main types of topdressing can be freshly cooked cake fertilizer, and bone meal, fish meal and straw soaked water can be selected. (4) Water management. Water is poured once every 3-5 days in winter, and it is better to dry the basin soil; Because of the low temperature at this time, the low water content of plant cells will be more conducive to the overwintering of Cymbidium hybridum. From the beginning of spring, the amount of watering should be gradually increased; Watering once a day in early summer, lasting until autumn, and then gradually decreasing. (5) temperature. In winter, Cymbidium hybridum should be moved into the greenhouse for wintering, and the temperature should be kept above 5-8℃.

Orchid color

Transportation temperature of Cymbidium hybridum: Keep above 5℃. If the bracts and leaves turn yellow, it may be freezing injury. Standard for imported Cymbidium hybridum: The plant height of Cymbidium hybridum imported from Japan and South Korea is generally required to be 60-80cm, the number of flowers 15-20, the number of flowers per pot is 3-5, the flowering degree of each pot is 50%-80%, and the height difference of each pot is less than 5cm. Maintenance of Cymbidium hybridum in flowering period: The optimum temperature of flowering period is 8℃ to 15℃, and it cannot be placed near high temperature and dry heat. Water is poured every three days during the flowering period, and the low-temperature flowers at 2℃ to 3℃ will freeze for a long time, and the buds will turn yellow and will not open. If the room temperature is too high, higher than 18℃, the flower buds will turn yellow and fall off easily, and the whole flowering period will be shortened.

Edit this disease treatment

Pests and diseases: 1. Fungal anthracnose: it mostly occurs at the top of leaves, with dark brown edges and gray middle, which is mostly caused by high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation. The diseased spots should be cut off in time and sprayed with drugs. Commonly used chemicals are mancozeb 1000 times and kocide 1000 times. Other fungal diseases are often controlled by the following chemicals: 1000 times chlorothalonil, 800 times reddif and 800 times metalaxyl. 2. Bacterial diseases: Commonly used drugs are 6,000 times of agricultural streptomycin sulfate, 300ppm of agricultural streptomycin and 800 times of jinggangmycin. Soft rot will be more serious if continuous cropping and long-term cultivation are carried out This disease will not occur in the early stage of seedlings. Generally, in the third year, when the bud grows to 20 to 30 cm high, it is found that the bulb will suddenly rot, which will also happen in mountainous areas. At this time, it can only be completely destroyed, otherwise it will easily lead to the spread of diseases to healthy plants. If the surrounding environment is treated in time and drug control is carried out, the disease will be suppressed. 3. Pests: The main pests are slug and spider mite, and the commonly used insecticides are slug buster (trapping) and triclosan mite. When the ventilation is poor from June to September, slugs occur seriously, mostly hiding in the back of leaves and harming the roots. During the prevention and control, lime can be sprinkled in the cracks of bricks and then sprayed with water, which can kill a large number of adults. At the same time, longevity mosaic and particle slug buster can be used to trap and kill them. Tetranychus urticae occurs on the back of leaves, and spraying pesticides should start from the back of leaves. The commonly used pesticides for controlling other pests are: 2000 times of propargite, 6000 times of Fuxing, 2000 times of dimethoate and 3000 times of iprodione. Remarks: In order to save manpower and material resources and achieve the best control effect, pesticides that do not react chemically can usually be used together. For the specific mixing situation, please refer to the following combination: 1200 times of third-grade copper+1300 times of synergistic effect +6000 times of agricultural streptomycin sulfate (used to control fungal and bacterial diseases) Cymbidium hybridum.

500 times carbendazim +800 times validamycin +2000 times chlorfenapyr (for seedlings, for fungi, bacteria and mites) and 65438 times kocide (for bacterial diseases, it is also effective for fungi. ) orchid species: millions of kisses C.' Millions of kisses' photography Wang Siqing 300ppm agricultural streptomycin+8,000 times Fuxing (for bacteria and pests), 800 times chlorothalonil+2,000 times hydrating mycin (for fungi and bacteria), 40,000 times Wanxing +800 times Jinggangmycin (for slugs and bacteria). Bacteria and fungi) 800 times thiophanate methyl +300ppm agricultural streptomycin (for fungi and bacteria) 800 times Ipoh (for fungi and bacteria) 1000 times chlorothalonil+1000 times Cod (for fungal diseases) 500 times carbendazim +800 times metalaxyl (for seedlings and fungal diseases).

800 times metalaxyl+1600 times benomyl+1300 times dichlorvos (for fungi and slugs) 6000 times Fuxing (for pesticides) 8000 times Fuxing +800 times chlorothalonil (for pests and fungal diseases) 800 times Ruimei +800 times. Fungi and mites) 300 times of polyoxin+1875 times of semi-latent net (for young seedlings, for bacterial diseases and liriomyza sativae), 2000 times of killing +800 times of metalaxyl (for slugs and fungal diseases), 100ppm of gibberellin (for growth promotion), 800 times.