Ice Hockey Details (Ice Hockey)

Ice hockey, also known as "ice hockey". Ice hockey is a combination of changeable skating skills and agile hockey skills. It is one of the highly antagonistic team ice sports and the official competition of the Winter Olympics. Athletes wear skates and skate with popsicles in their hands, fighting for the ball. Generally, the ball is made of hard rubber, with a thickness of 2,54cm, a diameter of 7.62cm and a weight of 156- 170g. In the competition, each team played 6 players, 3 forwards and 2 defenders, 1 goalkeeper. The more players hit the ball into the opponent's goal with popsicles, the more they win.

Chinese Name: Ice Hockey mbth: Ice Hockey Alias: Ice Hockey Number: Six Weight: 156- 170g Features: Fast Major Events: NHL Origin: Canadian history, rules, terminology, technology, venues, equipment, sneakers, knives, protective gear, clubs, events, Olympic Games, World Championships, clubs. In Kingston, Canada, there is a popular ice game. Players tied their skates with their feet and held the earliest ice hockey records, which can be found in Dutch publications in the17th century. Gentlemen wear skates with blades made of bones and slide on the frozen river with a round cake. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, it was recorded that Micmac Indians in Canada also played similar games, using sticks and wooden round cakes. There is also a saying that ice hockey originated from an ancient American sport-lacrosse. However, the most popular and widely accepted statement is that ice hockey evolved from ground hockey and originated in northern Europe, with a history of more than 500 years. British soldiers stationed in Canada introduced the sport to North America. Ice hockey originated in Canada. 1855, an ice game was popular in Kingston, Canada. Participants had skates tied to their feet and bent sticks in their hands. On the frozen lake, they chased a ball made of logs, used two erected wooden poles as the goal and hit the ball into the goal. The number of participants is unlimited. This is the predecessor of modern ice hockey and sports. This game was very popular in New England and other parts of North America at that time. People play this spontaneous and undisciplined game in the outdoor frozen pond. There is no fixed venue, no specific equipment and no rules. 1855 65438+On February 25th, the first ice hockey competition was held in Kingston, Canada. 1858, the sport spread to Europe. 1860, Canada began to use rubber hockey. 1On March 3rd, 875, the first official ice hockey match was held at Victoria Ice rink in Montreal, Canada, with two teams from McGill University. At that time, each team had 30 players on the field. 1879, W.F.Robertson and R.F.Smith * * *, students of McGill University in Canada, formulated the rules of the competition, stipulating that each team should have 9 people. In Canada, ice hockey has quickly become the most popular sport. 1885 established the first amateur ice hockey association, which is open to all ice hockey enthusiasts. But it is unreasonable that the association charges amateurs a certain fee. At this stage, athletes begin to use more protective gear to ensure their health. For example, the goalkeeper used leg pads and put on a mask. After that, ice hockey spread to the United States and continental Europe. 1893 Canadian ice hockey team performed in the United States for the first time. 1902 The first ice hockey club in Europe was established in Lesavan, Switzerland. 1908, the International Ice Hockey Federation was established in Paris, and now it has been renamed the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), with its headquarters in Zurich. 1 The European Ice Hockey Championship was held on 19 10, and Britain won the championship. Seven years later, the American Hockey League (NHL) was founded. Until 1967, only six teams participated. In recent years, NHL has become a very successful professional and business alliance in the world. 19 12 the Canadian national ice hockey association initiated the six-a-side system, which is still used by the international ice hockey Federation today. The influence of NHL is also growing. Similar to the NBA in the world basketball world, the Stanley Cup, the trophy of the American Ice Hockey League, has also become a legendary honor. The first professional hockey team, Tihu Team, was established in Michigan, USA, and then 1904 established the International Professional Hockey League. From 65438 to 0908, the International Amateur Ice Hockey Federation was established in Europe. The first competition of this Federation was held in Glasgow, Scotland in the same year, with Britain, Bohemia, Switzerland, France and Belgium as the founding five countries. 19 17, Canada established the National Hockey League. Regular ice hockey is a team competition of ice sports. Two teams of athletes boarded skates and held clubs, competing for a rubber flat ball to score in the rink with boundary walls. The 7th Olympic Games has been listed as an official event since 1920. Starting from 1924, the Winter Olympic Games and the Summer Olympic Games were held separately, and ice hockey became one of the main events of the Winter Olympic Games. According to the competition results, the International Ice Hockey Federation divides all the member countries into three groups according to the level of ice hockey: group A has six teams, group B has eight teams and the rest is group C. Group a can participate in the Olympic ice hockey competition and the world ice hockey championship. The three groups are promoted and demoted according to the annual competition results, that is, the last two of Group A and Group B are reduced to Group B and Group C respectively in the following year; The top two in Group B and Group C were promoted to Group A and Group B respectively in the following year. The ice hockey game is played between two teams in the same group. Each team has 20 people. In the competition, there are 6 players in each team, including 3 forwards, 2 defenders and goalkeeper 1. In the ice hockey field surrounded by the boundary wall, the players use the techniques of sliding, dribbling, passing, shooting and body interception according to the rules, and cooperate with the attack and defense in tactics, striving to shoot the ball into the opponent's goal with the ice hockey stick. Players can be replaced at any time during the game, and players who violate the rules will be punished by leaving the game for 2 minutes, 5 minutes or 10 minutes or even longer. The whole game is divided into three rounds, each round is 20 minutes, and the intermission is 15 minutes. In the end, the winner is the one who scores more goals. Referees in ice hockey: Referees include two referees and two goalkeepers (goal referees). Two linesmen, a timekeeper and a scorer. The referee * * * controls the whole game, and each referee is responsible for half. The linesman is mainly responsible for signaling when someone is offside. There are 20 people in each team and 6 people in each team, including goalkeeper, left back, right back, left forward, right forward and center. Athletes wear skates, hold popsicles, and wear protective gear such as chest protector, elbow protector, crotch protector, leg protector and helmet specified by the International Ice Federation. Every goal 1 ball in the game is 1 minute, each game is 60 minutes, divided into three games, each actual game is 20 minutes, and each game has a break 15 minutes. In the absence of a referee, players and goalkeepers can be changed at any time during the game. Athletes are not allowed to hit people with ice hockey sticks, stab people with racket blades or pestles, and hook people with handles. No hugging, tripping, pushing with a crossbar, elbowing with a club, kicking, or interfering with the referee and staff. Offenders will be given light punishment, heavy punishment, disqualification and free kick according to the circumstances. Defenders can use their shoulders, chest and hips to make a reasonable collision with the attacking players who control the ball, or they can use their bodies to squeeze and block them. Players of the same team can pass the ball to each other in one area, but they can't pass the ball from the defensive area to the players of the same team in the first half. Otherwise, it will be judged as a cross-regional pass. It is offside for the attacker to enter the attack area before the ball. Fierce Ice Hockey Competition In the National Ice Hockey League, there is an occasional "one-on-one" between two players. According to the rules, fighting is not allowed in the ice hockey game, but in the specific game process, on the one hand, it is out of tactical needs, on the other hand, it is to increase the antagonism and fierceness of the game and attract more spectators. Some fierce "physical confrontation" will not be stopped by the referee. This "hidden rule" is mainly prevalent in professional ice hockey leagues, aiming at improving the appreciation of the game with "violence aesthetics". Just for commercial purposes, there is also a field post in the team called "executor" dedicated to "fighting". There is a movie called "Ice Hockey Bad Boy" which is about this content. Although fighting is popular in the North American professional ice hockey league, it is strictly prohibited in the Olympic Games, which advocates the amateur principle and prohibits excessive commercialization. The game term kick-off point has a blue dot in the middle of the red center line, which is the kick-off point. At the beginning of each game or after the goal, both sides should compete for the ball at this time to start the next game. In addition, there are eight other points on the field, which are called match points. During the game, if the attacker directly hits the ball over the opponent's goal line at half time to form a "dead ball", the referee should whistle to stop the game and take the ball back to the attacker's defense area to grab the ball. Both sides grab the ball and start the game again. Offside before the ball enters the attack zone, the attacker can't enter the attack zone before the ball, otherwise it is offside. At this point, the referee should whistle to stop the game, take the ball back to the central match point and start the game again. In a reasonable collision competition, an athlete may collide with the opposing ball control player with his shoulders, chest and buttocks, but he shall not slide for more than three steps or jump for collision, nor shall he violently collide with the boundary wall from behind or within 3 meters from the boundary wall, otherwise it will be an illegal collision. Anyone who violates the rules will be fined 2 minutes or 5 minutes plus 10 minutes depending on the circumstances. Serious cases will be punished as serious violations or disqualified from the competition. Foul because the speed of ice hockey game is extremely fast, players have ice hockey sticks in their hands. If the game situation on the field is not properly controlled, it will be extremely uncivilized and even dangerous. Therefore, it is stipulated that the following actions are not allowed: pushing, hugging, tripping with legs, elbowing, hooking, tripping with a stick, pushing with a crossbar, lifting the stick over the shoulder, taking part in a game with a bad stick, throwing the stick out of the court, hitting people with a stick, poking or poking people with a club head. If the above phenomenon occurs, the referee will give a small penalty, a big penalty, a foul or a serious foul as appropriate. Name of each position of ice hockey C midfielder LW: left winger RW: right winger ld: left defender Rd: right defender C center Lw lefing left striker Rw righing right striker LD left defender RD right defender right defender technology The basic skills of ice hockey include sliding technology and attack and defense technology similar to football. Ice hockey skating is the most basic technique that ice hockey players must master skillfully, including starting, sliding forward, sliding backward, inertia turning, stepping turning, emergency stop and other techniques, as well as the goalkeeper's special sliding technique. The main characteristics of ice hockey skating are sudden start, frequent change of direction and frequent emergency stop. The offensive and defensive techniques of ice hockey include ball control, passing, passing, fighting for the ball and shooting, as well as various defensive techniques such as blocking, grabbing the ball, legal collision and goalkeeper action. The most important offensive technique is shooting technique, which includes shooting methods such as picking, pulling, shooting, shooting, shooting and ejection. Ice hockey tactics include attack, defense and playing less and playing more or less. According to tactical styles, there are European and North American styles. The former emphasizes cooperation and changeable tactics; The latter emphasizes personal skills and forced assault. Tactics is a means of attack and defense in order to defeat opponents in the game. Including: ① attack tactics, including individual, 2 ~ 3 people and team attack tactics, and team attack tactics can be divided into fast attack and position attack. ② Defensive tactics, which are divided into individual defense, 2-3 person defense and team defense tactics. (3) The tactics of "more fighting and less fighting" and "less fighting and more fighting". Ice hockey rules stipulate that players are sent off for 2 minutes and 5 minutes, and there may be 6-5 or 6-4 playing more and less, which is the best time to score. Playing more and playing less is a special form of offensive tactics aimed at this situation. On the contrary, playing less and playing more is a special form of defensive tactics that players are forced to adopt because they are sent off. The maximum size of the standard ice hockey field is 6 1 meter long and 30 meters wide; The minimum specification is 26 meters long and 15 meters wide; The radius of the quadrilateral circle is 7 ~ 8.5 meters. International competitions all adopt stadiums with a length of 665,438+0m, a width of 30m and an arc radius of 8.5m.. A solid boundary wall made of wood or plastic with a height of1.15 m ~1.22 m around the ice hockey field. In addition to the official marking of the site, all ice surfaces and the inner wall of the boundary wall should be white. At both ends of the ice rink, 4 meters away from the end wall, through the ice rink and extending to the boundary wall of the sideline, draw two parallel red lines with a width of 5 cm as the goal line. Two goals are fixed in the center of the goal line. Two 30-cm-wide blue lines cross the ice rink and extend vertically to the sideline boundary wall, dividing the area between the two goal lines into three equal parts, one goal has a defensive area on one side, a middle road in the middle and an offensive area on the other side. In the middle of the ice rink, there is a red line with a width of 30 cm parallel to the blue line, which crosses the ice rink and extends vertically to the boundary wall of the sideline, called the midline. There is a blue dot with a diameter of 30 cm in the middle of the center line as the tee point. In addition, there are eight hitting points with a diameter of 60 cm and five hitting rings with a radius of 4.5 meters in the central area and the two end areas. There is a rectangle of 1.22 m× 2.44 m in front of each goal, which is connected by a red line with a line width of 5 cm, which is called the goal area. A semi-circular referee area with a radius of 3 meters is also drawn on the ice near the middle line of the boundary wall on one side of the sideline. The width of the ice hockey goal is 1.83m, and the height is1.22m. The deepest part in the goal is not more than 1m or 60cm. The back of the goal bracket should be covered with a net, and a hanging net should be hung in the door to keep the ball in the door. The outer surfaces of doorposts and beams are red, while the inner surfaces and inner surfaces of other brackets and bases are white. Outside the boundary wall on one side of the skating rink, there is a separate team player seat, and outside the boundary wall on the opposite side, there are referee seats and penalty seats. In order to make the competition go smoothly, the skating rink must be equipped with signal devices, public timing devices and adequate lighting equipment. Ice hockey equipment: Ice hockey players' equipment includes ice hockey shoes, ice hockey knives, protective gear and ice hockey sticks. Sneakers are high-waisted, with hard outer layers such as toe cap, upper, ankle and heel. The long tongue in front and the hard high waist can tighten the legs and ankles and help the athletes support and exert their strength. Roller skates were originally made of high-quality cowhide, and all-plastic molded shoes appeared in the 1960s and 1970s. Nowadays, most skates with nylon fiber uppers and plastic soles are used in the world. This kind of shoes are lighter, harder and moistureproof than leather shoes, and are suitable for indoor skating rinks. Ball knives used to be steel blades of Tito, but now they are made of all-plastic tool holders and high-quality alloy steel blades, which are light in weight, resistant to beating and rust. Ice hockey knives are short in height, large in curvature and thick in blade. The height of the knife will not make the shoes touch the ice when the skates are tilted in a sharp turn; The blade has large curvature and small contact area with the ice surface, and can slide and change direction flexibly; The blade is thick, which can resist the blow without bending; The shallow groove blade makes it sharp and durable. The goalkeeper's skates are wrapped around the shoes with specially thickened hard leather to resist the ball and protect the feet. The skates of a goalkeeper are very different from those of an athlete. They are all made of metal. The blade is short and flat, and there are many connections between the blade and the blade seat to prevent the ball from leaking. Protective gear In order to prevent injuries in fierce confrontation, athletes wear protective gear all over their bodies. Protective gear includes helmet, mask, shoulder pad, chest protector, waist protector, body protector, elbow protector, gloves, underwear, leg protector and ankle protector. Modern ice hockey protective gear generally adopts light hard plastic shell and is lined with sponge or foam plastic pad. Goalkeepers wear special masks, gloves, padded chest protectors and padded and widened leg protectors. Ice hockey clubs are made of wood, and the length from the root to the handle should not exceed 147 cm. The blade length shall not exceed 32 cm, and the width shall not exceed 5 ~ 7.5 cm. The widened part of the goalkeeper's club handle shall not be longer than 7 1 cm and wider than 9 cm from the root, and the length and width of the blade shall not exceed 39 cm. In order to reduce the weight, the existing carbon clubs can reduce the weight and make it easier for players to play. Olympic men's ice hockey first appeared in 1920 Summer Olympic Games (1920 Anversa), and was later regarded as the first world ice hockey championship. By 1924 Chamonix Winter Olympics, ice hockey was included in the Winter Olympics. In the first four Winter Olympics, Canada, the country of origin of ice hockey, won the championship in succession. After World War II, the former Soviet Union began a long-term monopoly until the disintegration of the former Soviet Union in the early 1990s. In the next two Olympic Games, European countries won all the gold medals, and Sweden 1994 and Czech 1998 won the Nagano Winter Olympics (this Olympic Games was the first time to open the door to the players of the American professional ice hockey league). At the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Canada defeated the United States in a classic battle and stood on the highest podium. Women's ice hockey didn't enter the Winter Olympics until 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics. At that Winter Olympics, the United States beat Canada and won the first women's ice hockey gold medal in Olympic history. Four years later, Americans were not so lucky, and the Canadian girl beat the stronger American team to win the championship. Men's Ice Hockey 1924 Chamonix Winter Olympics Canada Ice Hockey 1928 St Moritz Winter Olympics Canada Ice Hockey 1932 Lake Placid Winter Olympics Canada Ice Hockey 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Olympics English Ice Hockey 1948 St Moritz Winter Olympics Canada Ice Hockey1. Si Long Winter Olympics Canadian Ice Hockey Team 1956 Italian Cody Danpezzo Winter Olympics former Soviet Ice Hockey Team 1960 American Squavalli Winter Olympics American Ice Hockey Team 1964 Austrian Innsbruck Winter Olympics former Soviet Ice Hockey Team 1968 French Grenoble Winter Olympics former Soviet Ice Hockey Team/Japan Sapporo Winter Olympics former Soviet Ice Hockey Team. Team 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, USA 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France 6543. 8+0994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics Sweden Ice Hockey Team 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics Czech Ice Hockey Team 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics Canada Ice Hockey Team 2006 Turin Winter Olympics Sweden Ice Hockey Team 20 10 Vancouver Winter Olympics Canada Ice Hockey Team 20 14 Sochi Winter Olympics Canada Ice Hockey Team World Championships Women's Ice Hockey World Championships. Competition ranking year 1990, number of teams in host cities 1, Ottawa, Canada 8 65438, Canada 2, USA 3, Finland 4, Sweden 5, Switzerland 6, Norway 7, West Germany 8, Japan 1992, Tampere 8 1, Canada 2. 438+0994 Lake Placid 8 1 USA. Canada. America 3. Finland. China Sweden. Norway. Switzerland. Germany 1997 Chisinau 8 1 Canada. Canada. America 3. Finland. China Sweden. Russia. Switzerland. 1. Canada. America 3. Finland. Sweden. China Russia. Germany. Switzerland 2000 Canada Mississauga 8 1. Canada. America 3. Finland. Sweden. Russia. China Germany. Japan 200 1 Minneapolis 8 65438. Russia. Finland. Germany. China Sweden. Kazakhstan 2004 Halifax, Canada 9 1. Canada. America 3. Finland. Sweden. Russia. Germany. China Switzerland. Lin Xueping, Sweden, Japan 2005, Beixueping 8 1. America 2. Canada. Sweden. Finland. Germany. China Kazakhstan. Winnipeg, Russia 2007, Selkirk 9 1, Canada. Canada. America 3. Sweden. Finland. Switzerland. China Russia. Germany. China, Beijing, 9 stars Wayne Gretzky in 2008. The great ice hockey player Wayne Gretzky was born on1October 26th. Place of birth: Ontario, Canada. Nationality: Canada, a professional ice hockey star, was once a "great ice hockey player", with 2857 points, a global ice hockey legend. After playing in NHL for 20 seasons, he played for Edmonton Oilers, Los Angeles Kings, St Louis Blues and new york Rangers. Up to now, he has maintained the highest scoring record of professional ice hockey in the United States, and 1999 retired. He used to coach the Phoenix National Hockey League. As a shareholder and head coach of the Phoenix Wolves. Dany Heatley Hartley Ice Hockey Born:1981June 2 1 Date Height: 6 feet 3 inches Weight: 205 pounds Location: Swedish Ambassador Sundin on the left. Birth:1971February 13 Nationality: Sweden Height: 193cm Weight: 100kg Position: Center/Right Wing Effectiveness: Toronto Maple Leaf Ice Hockey Sweden will be a strong team in Turin Winter Olympics, 15 years. The increasingly strong Sanding will form a formidable team with NHL top scorer Peter for *** erg and others. Matz's greatness is enough to go down in the history of Swedish ice hockey and keep pace with other "Matz". (Matz Naslund, Matz Ahlberg, Matz Woding) Sundin's Excellence is not only invincible on the court, but also his fair play spirit is commendable. He is regarded as the ambassador of Swedish sports in the world. The Gate-Roberto Luango was born:1April 4, 979. Place of birth: Little Italy in Montreal, Canada. My parents are from Naples, and my mother Pasquillina works for Air Canada. NHL Career: 1997 was selected by new york Islanders in the fourth overall pick in the first round and became the highest ranked goalkeeper in history. Gao Long, nicknamed "Damon", is the kind of player who can save lives at a critical moment. He is an excellent goalkeeper today and a superstar of NHL in the future. He played for Vancouver Canucks, entered the Stanley Cup final of NHL and was eliminated by Boston. Gao Long studied under Fran? ois and benoit, two brothers who were the founders of Quebec's special "Butterfly Gatekeeper Law". In the last two world ice hockey championships, Gao Long was a Canadian star. He helped the team beat Sweden twice in the final and won the championship. At the Winter Olympics in Turin, Gao Long was highly anticipated by everyone.