Detailed information of Malacca State (first-level administrative unit in Malaysia)

Malacca (Malaa in English, Melaka in Malay) is a state in Malaysia. Its capital was once the seat of the Kingdom of Malacca. Zheng He stopped here six times during his voyages to the West. It is now the throat of the maritime lifeline of the Strait of Malacca. .

According to the World Cultural Heritage Conference held by UNESCO at 9:30 am local time in Quebec, Canada (9:30 Malaysian time) on July 7, 2008, Malacca City was officially announced as Listed on the World Heritage List.

The Malacca Royal Port project is under construction. Basic introduction Chinese name: Malacca Foreign name: English Malaa; Malay Melaka Alias: Malacca Administrative District Category: State (Malaysian first-level administrative unit) Region: Malaysia*** Residence: Malacca City Location: Southern Peninsular Malaysia Climate conditions: Tropical Rainforest Climate Airport: Malacca International Airport License Plate Code: M Establishment history, overview, Malacca dynasty, colonial period, geographical location, population and ethnicity, politics, economy, transportation, culture, scenic spots, establishment history overview Malacca was called from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty For Grofusha. In Yonghui of Tang Dynasty (650-655), he offered five-color parrots. In the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406), Chief Xili Balsu La sent an envoy to express his wish to become a subordinate county. In the seventh year of Yongle (1410), Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty ordered Zheng He, the eunuch of the three guarantees, to grant the title of Baer Sula to Xili Bali (i.e. Baili Mi). Su La) became the king of Manlajia and was no longer affiliated with Siam. In the ninth year of Yongle (1412), Parames Sula succeeded to the throne and brought his wife and 540 followers to the court. Guards of ceremony, pommel horses, and crowns and robes were given to the princess. In the ninth month, King Misura bid farewell. Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty gave a banquet at Fengtianmen. He also gave gold and jade belts, guard of ceremony, pommel horses, and also gave 100 taels of gold, 500 taels of platinum, and 400,000 banknotes. From then on until the end of Chenghua, he paid tribute many times. From the Yongle to Xuande years, Zheng He used Malacca as his base camp, built city walls, pavilions, drum towers, and turrets, and built warehouses to store money and grain. Department stores. When Zheng He's fleets sailed to Champa, Java and other countries, they first docked in Malacca; when they returned from Siam, Hurumos and other countries, they also gathered in Malacca to collect money and food, store them in storage, and wait for the trade wind to sail back to China. Malacca preserves many Zheng He's relics. Sanbao Mountain is where Zheng He's fleet camped. There is still a Sanbao Temple and a Sanbao Well at the foot of the mountain that are said to have been dug by Zheng He. There is an anti-Japanese monument on the left side of the Sanbao Temple. The inscription "Loyalty Foot Style" written by Chiang Kai-shek is found in the modern site of the famous Chinese Gangzhou Guild Hall. The founder of the Malacca dynasty was Parameswara, who fought against the enemy Ma Lu in 1396. According to popular legend, Paramesura was resting under a tree while hunting, and one of his dogs killed a mouse deer (also known as a small mouse deer). 〕 Forced into a desperate situation, the mouse deer fought back and kicked the hunting dog into the river. Paramesura was impressed by the courage of the mouse deer and decided to build an empire where he sat. What is the name of this tree?" The attendant said: "Your Majesty, this tree is called Pokok Melaka." From then on, Parameswara decided to name the place "Melaka" after the tree resting underneath. It is worth mentioning that the old car logo of Malaysia's Perodua also had a mouse deer. Parameswara converted to Islam in 1414 and changed his name to "Iskandar Shah Sultan" (but according to Ming history records, Parameswara converted to Islam). died in 1414 and was succeeded by his son). It began to grow from a fishing village to the most important port in the region, attracting traders from Java, India, Arabia and China, and served as a stopping point for the Sino-Indian trade between the two monsoons. During the reign of Limesura, the Chinese Empire and merchant fleets, the Chinese settled in the area near China Hill - the best place for feng shui (divination) in Malacca. Sultan Shah died in 1424 and was succeeded by his son Sri Maharaja. Unfortunately, Malacca's prosperity led to the invasion of Siam. From 1446 to 1456, Malacca tried to develop relations with China as a strategic decision to resist Siam's attack. Strategically located, Malacca became an important outpost for Zheng He's spectacular voyages. In order to strengthen ties, Princess Hanlibao arrived in Malacca with 500 followers and married Sultan Mansur Shah (ruled from 1456 to 1477). Her entourage married locals and mainly lived in Bukit China (China Mountain). Active trade led to the expansion of the Peranakan people, spreading to other important settlements in the region. Colonial Period On August 24, 1511, Malacca was conquered by the Portuguese after the defeat of Alfonso de Albuquerque (Siege of Malacca), and became a strategic base for the Portuguese expansion in the East Indies. Mahmud Shah, the last Sultan of Malacca, took refuge in the interior and attacked the Portuguese on and off land and sea, causing the Portuguese to suffer a lot.

Finally, in 1526, a powerful Portuguese fleet led by Pedro Mascarenhaas destroyed the Sultan's base. The Sultan and his family crossed the Strait of Malacca to Kampar, Sumatra, where he died two years later. The Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier stayed in Malacca for several months in 1545, 1546 and 1549. In 1641, the Dutch defeated the Portuguese and occupied Malacca, with the help of the Sultan of Johor. 1511-1641 Portuguese occupation 1641-1824 Dutch occupation 1824-1957 British occupation Joined Malaysia In 1963, it joined Malaysia and became one of the 13 states of Malaysia. Geographical location Malacca is located in the southwest of the Malay Peninsula, opposite Sumatra, connected to Negeri Sembilan to the north, and Johor to the east. The population of Malacca's Chinatown is Malay: 50%; Chinese: 40%; Indians: a sizeable minority, including a group called Chitty; others: Nyonya (early Chinese and Malay intermarriage (also known as the Peranakans), a group of descendants of a small number of Portuguese descendants who intermarried with local people. These Eurasians still speak the ancient Portuguese language called Kristang. The main cities are Malacca City, Alor Gajah, Masjid Tanah, Jasin, Merlimau, Pulau Sebang and Ayer Keroh ). The residents of Malacca are mainly Malays, Chinese (the Chinese are basically Fujianese), Indians, Portuguese descendants and Eurasian mixed race, and most of them are proficient in several languages. Politics Although the first Malay Sultan came to Malacca, the state no longer had a Sultan. The head of state is the governor. Malacca is governed by the State Council and Executive Council (EXCO). The State Legislature is the highest organ of the state. The Executive Committee is composed of parliamentarians who serve five-year terms and is accountable to the State Assembly. The State Assembly is led by the Governor (Yang Di-Pertuan Negeri). The Chief Minister is the administrative pillar of the state government and manages all administration of the state. For administrative needs, the state of Malacca is divided into three judicial districts: Malacca, Alor Gajah and Yesin. Malacca Straits Mosque Economy Tourism and manufacturing are the two main economic pillars of Malacca State. Malacca’s slogan is “Visiting Malacca is like visiting Malaysia”. It has rich cultural heritage and many historical monuments. In addition to tourism, Malacca is also a manufacturing hub. Transportation Tampin, also known as Tampin, is about 30 kilometers north of Malacca city and is the train station closest to Malacca. Before World War II, Tampin was connected to Malacca by railway, but it was destroyed by the Japanese army during the war to build the infamous Death Railway. Although the ruins of this railway are still visible, it has not been rebuilt since the war. The public bus station in Malacca has regular shuttle buses to Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru and other locations in the Malay Peninsula. It also has an airport located in Batu Berendam, which mostly provides charter flights within the region. Malacca Ayer Keroh is the main exit connecting the North-South Highway in Malacca. The other two highway exits in Malacca are Alor Gajah and Jasin. Culture Malacca is famous for its food, and the overseas Chinese cuisine that is a blend of Chinese and Malay cuisine is even more spicy and mouth-watering. Even many ancient traditional rituals dating back to the Portuguese occupation are still performed, such as Intrudu (a water festival marking the beginning of the Catholic Lent fast), branyu (traditional dance) and Santa Cruz (an annual street celebration). Malacca Nyonya House Private healthcare in Malacca serves patients from as far away as Indonesia and Singapore. Mahkota Medical Centre, Pantai Ayer Keroh Hospital, Malacca Hospital and Southern Hospital are the four major private hospitals that provide services to the level of advanced countries. State *** is the majority shareholder of Southern Hospital. The city of Malacca is most distinctive for its traditional architecture, including many Chinese-style residences. The streets built in ancient times are still well preserved. The streets are winding and narrow, and the houses are diverse. The walls of many houses are inlaid with exquisitely patterned ceramic tiles, Swiss lion door buttons, dragons and phoenixes, all showing the unique style of Malacca, this historical ancient capital. Scenery of Malacca: The city has a collection of cultural heritages of various national styles. Cheng Hoon Pavilion, built by Chinese leader Zheng Fangyang in 1567, is the earliest temple in Malaysia. It enshrines Guanyin Bodhisattva, Guandi and the Queen Mother, and is the center of Chinese religious activities. Above China is a large mountain, which is the most complete and richest place in Malaysia that preserves Chinese historical sites. In addition, there are Sanbaoshan, Sanbaojing, Sanbao Pavilion, etc. commemorating the Chinese navigator Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty. Portuguese monuments include the Ancient City Gate of Santiago and St. Paul's Church. Dutch-style buildings include the Statues Church (now the City Hall), and the Malacca Museum, which was converted from a Dutch house. The museum displays King (Sultan) Mansur Shah's conception of the founding of the country, Zheng He and Princess Hanlibao meeting the king. Pictures and texts, ancient weapons, rural utensils, etc.

The East Kwena Church on the outskirts is a Sumatran-style building and contains the tomb of the Sultan of Johor. Scenic spots Malacca Map 1. Malacca Administrative Center: Located in St. Paul's Hill Square. The administrative residence is a Dutch-style building built in 1660. To the left of the executive residence, there is a high wall decorated with ancient warships. Near the administrative center is the Malacca Volunteer Corps Monument to commemorate the soldiers who died in World War II; there are also marble monuments celebrating the 60th anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession to the throne, and plaques of the Dutch East India Company, etc. 2. St. Paul's Church: Located on St. Paul's Hill in the city center, it was built in 1521. It is the earliest Catholic church established by the Portuguese in Malacca. 3. Malacca Museum: Located in the east of the city and on the bank of the Malacca River, it was built between 1641 and 1660. It is one of the oldest Dutch-style buildings in Southeast Asia. It was originally the residence of the Dutch Governor. Because its walls and wooden doors are all red, the locals called it the "Red House". The museum houses historical relics from Malaysia, Portugal, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Near the Red House is the Malacca Club, which was built in 1912 and is a Gothic-style building, followed by the Independence Exhibition Memorial Hall. 4. Cheng Hoon Teng: Located on Jalan Tokong in the urban area, it is an ancient Chinese temple in Malaysia. Built in 1946 to commemorate the envoys of the Ming Dynasty of China, it is dedicated to the Queen of Heaven and Guanyin Bodhisattva, also known as the "Guanyin Pavilion". The entire temple is made of nanmu structure, with carved beams and painted pillars, and is magnificent. 5. Sanbao Mountain: Also known as China Mountain, it is located at the end of Jalan Temenggung. It was the military garrison of Zheng He, the eunuch of Sanbao in the Ming Dynasty. It was also the residence of the Ming Dynasty official when he married Malacca. The Baoshan Temple on the mountain enshrines a statue of Zheng He wearing a ring. The Sanbao Well on the right side of the temple is the oldest well in Malacca. It is said that it was dug here in 1409 when Zheng He led his army to search for drinking water. Porta de Sangtiago: Porta de Sangtiago is located in the southwest of Malacca City, close to the mouth of the Malacca River. It is the place where the Sultan of Malacca, Pairimi Sula, presented the stone tree monument with the Golden Dragon Wen Jianle as a gift to Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty of China. Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty once named this mountain "Zhenguo Mountain". This mountain is also called "Saint Paul Mountain". There is an ancient castle on the mountain, also known as "Santiago Fort", which was built by the Portuguese colonists at that time to prevent the counterattack of the defeated Malacca Kingdom army. All that can be seen is a ruined wall, with only the gatehouse of the castle still standing on top of the gate. This tower, which is more than thirty meters high, has many patterns of the Portuguese army carved on its walls. Several stone tablets in the castle are well preserved, leaving many historical facts to mankind. On the seaside on the outskirts of Mataka, the Portuguese architectural style villages are still well preserved, and the descendants of the Portuguese live there. Amazingly, they still speak Portuguese from the 16th century. Portuguese City Hill On the top of St. Paul's Hill is the St. Paul's Church, which was built by Portuguese Governor Abel in 1511. It is the oldest church built by Europeans in Southeast Asia. The church was destroyed in several wars, but the white statue of St. Francis of Assisi in front of the church is still clearly visible despite the vicissitudes of life. A'Famosa Castle: Built by the Portuguese in 1511, the structure was damaged during the Dutch invasion. Due to the intervention of Sir Stamford Raffles in 1808, the British abandoned their plans to destroy it. St. John's Castle: Rebuilt by the Dutch at the end of the 18th century, the castle's cannons were pointed at the mainland, because the threat to Malacca at that time mainly came from the interior rather than the sea. St. Peter's Church: Built in 1710 during the Dutch administration, it is the oldest Catholic church in Malaysia. The facade and decoration are a mixture of Eastern and Western architectural styles. The bell came from Goa in 1608. Christ Church: Built in 1753, reflecting Dutch architectural style. The building houses handcrafted church pews, seamless skylights, a bronze replica of the Bible, a cornerstone written in Armenian, and a replica of the Last Supper. The stone sculptures of St. Francis Apostle Francis Xavier. Red Building: Built in 1650, the official residence of the Dutch rulers reflects the Dutch architectural style and has been turned into a "Museum of History and Ethnography". The museum exhibits traditional wedding dresses and Malacca products, taking people back to the glorious days of the past. Jalan Hang Jebat: Famous for its antiques. In order to attract more tourists to Malacca, the state government has built many museums to collect rich cultural heritage. Malacca Sam Po Temple: There is a Baoshan Pavilion at the foot of Sam Po Hill near Malacca, which was originally a Tua Pek Kong temple. It was built in memory of Zheng He, the eunuch of the Ming Dynasty who made seven voyages to the West between 1405 and 1435. Zheng He made seven voyages to the West and was stationed in Malacca five times, opening up the history of friendly exchanges between China and Malaysia. In order to commemorate Zheng He, Malacca called the temple "Cheng Hoon Teng/Temple of Bright clouds". At that time, the leader of the Kingdom of Malacca visited China 25 times. In 1411, King Paramissu of Malacca, his wife and 540 attendants went to Nanjing, China for a goodwill visit. Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, hosted a banquet at Fengtian Gate to welcome him and presented him with many precious Chinese specialties. He lived outside of China for a year and a half.

Before leaving, the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty specially built a large ship as a gift to him. In 1943, King Malacca visited China and received warm hospitality. Sanbao Temple Sanbao Temple is surrounded by big trees, which provide shade, making it very cool and quiet. The gate of the temple is painted with two majestic and heroic generals wearing war robes and holding swords and axes. A couplet is written on both sides of the doorpost: "Five hundred years ago, there were monuments of greatness, and heroic spirits appeared in the four directions." In the center of the temple is a statue of Zheng He in military uniform and sword, with a banner "Zheng He Sanbaogong" hanging on it. There are many statues of civil servants and generals on both sides, which expresses the praise and memory of Zheng He by later generations. This temple was built in 1673. The entire building has cornices, red columns, pink walls and black tiles, which is rich in Chinese national architectural style. It is said that all building materials, even bricks and tiles, were shipped from China. There is a lot of incense in the temple. There is a pair of golden lions at the entrance of the temple, with dazzling golden light all over them. Only the top of the lion's head has lost its golden color. It turns out that believers believe that walking by a lion and touching its head will bring unexpected good luck. Bukit China: There is a small mountain not far behind Sanbao Temple, named "Bukit China", also known as "China Mountain". It is said that Zheng He often went here for hiking and walking, overlooking the sea and sky, so later generations built a "Sanbao Pavilion" where Zheng He stopped. About Sanbaoshan, there is a story about a Chinese princess and a magical well. According to legend, in the mid-15th century, the ruler of Malacca was a young and intelligent Sultan of Mansusa. One day, a Chinese ship arrived in Malacca. The ship was filled with gold needles. The captain sent a letter to the Sultan, stating that he was on the orders of the Emperor of China and told the Sultan: "Each golden needle represents one of my giant people. If you can count how many there are, you will know my power." How big is it?" After receiving the letter, the Sultan thought for a moment, ordered someone to send a reply, and loaded several bags of rice on the boat. The letter wrote: "If you can count the rice on this ship, you can accurately guess how many subjects I have, and you will also know how much power I have." After the Chinese emperor learned about it, he admired the Sultan very much. He was so smart that he decided to marry his daughter Hang Li Po to him as his queen. When a Chinese princess married in Southeast Asia, she was accompanied by no less than 500 maids, and they were all as beautiful as flowers. Sultan Dayue built a palace specifically for Princess Hanlibao and her maids on a 65-hectare mountain land, and named the mountain China Mountain, claiming that the place where they lived would forever belong to them. Today the hill still belongs to the Chinese community in Malacca. The Sudan also dug a well at the foot of the mountain for Princess Hanlibao, called "Hanlibao Well". Not only is the water in this well clear and sweet, but it will never run dry no matter how dry the weather is. In order to protect this magical well, local residents built a well protection fence. The water in the well is clear and pure. Sanbaoshan Regarding the origin of this well, there is another theory that it was dug by Zheng He during his voyage to the West, and it was only after Sanbao Gong drank the water from this well that the water became so clear. Legend has it that if you drink the water from this well, go on a long trip or go fishing in the sea, you will be able to turn bad luck into good luck when encountering wind and waves. Nowadays, it is known as the "Wishing Well". It is said that if you drop a copper coin into the well, you will visit this place again in the future. The Red House: The Red House is a red building left over from the Dutch colonial period in Malacca. It has thick red brick walls, heavy hardwood doors, and wide stone steps. It is the oldest existing Dutch-style building in Southeast Asia. Across the Malacca River Bridge, there is a neat square on the east bank of the river. There is a red needle tower and a fountain built in the Victorian era. The square is surrounded by Dutch-style red buildings. They are the oldest buildings preserved by the Dutch in the East, built around 1641 to 1660 AD. One of the largest ancient buildings is the Dutch-style Jalan Studthuys (Studthuys) facing the square. It has been the seat of the Kuomintang government for more than 300 years until 1980 when it was changed to the Malacca Museum. The Dutch-style Jalan Laksam Red House has thick red brick walls, heavy hardwood doors, and wide stone steps in front of the door. The museum retains historical relics from various periods of Malacca, including ancient Dutch weapons, Portuguese clothing since the 16th century, Malay wedding attire, gold, silver, jewelry and other handicrafts, as well as various ancient ships anchored in the port of Malacca pictures etc. The museum also has a collection of rare ancient coins and stamps. A'Famosa Castle: Due to the intervention of Sir Stamford Raffles in 1808, the British abandoned their plans to destroy it. The structure was damaged during the Dutch invasion. The Dutch ruled Malacca from 1641 to 1795, but were not interested in developing it into a trading center, and its importance as a center of governance was replaced by Batavia (Jakarta) in Indonesia. Malacca was ceded to Britain under the 1824 Anglo-Dutch Treaty in exchange for Benkoelen on the island of Sumatra. From 1826 to 1946, Malacca was first ruled by the British East India Company and later as a Crown Colony. Together with Singapore and Penang, they form the Straits Settlements. After the Crown Colony was abolished, Malacca and Penang became part of the Federation of Malaya (later Malaysia).