The difference between shadow sculpture and relief

Shadow carving is a unique stone carving technology developed on the basis of the traditional black and white process of stone carving needles. It has excellent texture. After polishing, it is made of 1.2 cm thick bluestone slab (which can be thickened as required). Polished bluestone can show black and white, and cutting acoustic energy with fine tools can show white spots. Using the technology of adjusting the sound point thickness of books to distinguish different levels of black and white, various photos and art books including portraits are displayed on the slate. Shadow play sculptures are not only delicate and realistic, but also have unique artistic charm and are deeply loved by people. Black and white shadow sculptures are colored into color shadow sculptures. This innovative product attracts more and more customers. Shadow sculptures are lifelike and lifelike, reaching the point of perfection.

1 > the origin of shadow carving

The phrase "the unfortunate poets in the mountains and rivers are lucky" reveals an artistic truth from the essence of creation. It is also very appropriate to use this sentence to explain the birth of "Shadow Sculpture".

According to the memories of old artists, the shadow play sculpture was created during the Cultural Revolution. The innovation of artistic skills is often natural. Man-made demands are often difficult to achieve. In the absurd years, in the fiery "dedication" activity of "defending to the death" to the great leader, someone asked if it was possible to carve the portrait of Chairman Mao with "black and white" technology. This novel and bold idea was immediately accepted by devout people. However, this is not a joke, but a work that can be discarded casually. It's a matter of great importance. You can only succeed, and you can't fail. So a new technology was inadvertently born. However, to keep the shape of the photo, you must carve it vividly on the slate, which is difficult to be skilled now. How should light and shadow be rich and layered? It's really hard to tell! Fortunately, the painter who is proficient in figure painting and western perspective stood beside him and gave enthusiastic advice. With great love and admiration for the great leader, he took out the greatest skill in his life and carved it with a "needle" ... Mao Zedong's tall image stood on the beach in Beidaihe, with surging waves as the background-finally succeeded, and the stone carving works were almost identical to the original photos. What should this be called? Everyone is talking about it. Let's call it a "shadow sculpture". Yes! Yes! It's called "Shadow Carving". Many years later, it was said with regret that if this shadow play sculpture was sent to Beijing to be dedicated to Mao Zedong, the shadow play sculpture in Huian might stir the whole country.

< 2 > common sense of shadow play carving

Shadow play carving is a new technology unintentionally developed by traditional craftsmen in southern Fujian. It uses solid granite such as pure black and cyan, and after being polished by water mill, the outline of the image to be carved is drawn on the polished surface. According to the principle of black and white light and dark imaging, the special steel head is ground into alloy steel as fine as a needle, and the density, depth and dotted line of the needle tip are adjusted by wrist force to express the image. No mistakes are allowed in the carving process, the first thing is "wrist strength", and the requirements for "eyesight" are more stringent. Carving portraits is the most difficult. Shadow play sculpture not only has the same artistic effect as photographic optics, but also embodies the painting technique and has unique artistic charm. Nowadays, modern high technology is changing with each passing day. Shadow play sculpture, as a traditional handicraft art product, shows its value, overcomes the shortcomings that photos and pictures turn yellow and fade with time, and can be preserved forever.

< 3 > the choice of shadow carving

Shadow play sculpture has a wide range of patterns and pictures, and anyone who can enter the painting can become the main body. Portraits, wedding photos, famous western paintings, people, animals, landscape flowers and birds, money and so on are often classified in the industry. Among them, western famous paintings generally refer to human body art and western famous paintings; Characters are divided into A, some ancient people (including historical celebrities), Jordan and so on. , b, Buddha statues, statues, Japanese ukiyo-e paintings, ladies, ancient portraits, etc. Animals include birds and beasts, all kinds of pets; Landscape flowers and birds include landscape photos and paintings taken in real scenes.

< 4 > Application of Shadow Carving

Shadow play sculpture can be widely used in home and hotel temple mural decoration, portrait, desk decoration and commemorative gifts. It is not only a gift handicraft, but also an art collection with high artistic appreciation value!

〈5〉 The Development and Present Situation of Shadow Play Sculpture

Shadow play sculpture can be called "one of the best in China", which is an affirmation of its artistic taste. However, after nearly 30 years of development, as Mr. Lu Xun said, it is really worse from generation to generation. From the 1970s to the end of 1980s, shadow play sculpture was completely silent for more than ten years, and it didn't gradually become popular until the end of 1980s and the beginning of 1990s. Almost all the people who are active in the stone shadow sculpture industry now studied fine arts at that time. At that time, their ideas and high profits made many high-quality products and shadow sculptures flourish. In the mid-1990s, shadow sculptors flocked to Shang Chao to seek rapid success and fierce competition. As a result, the quality of shadow play sculpture art gradually declined. There are also new machines (commonly known as massagers) for processing, and shoddy products emerge one after another. The whole industry is developing in disorder. A large number of workers choose to change careers, except for a few skilled workers. In addition, many girls choose to stay away from shadow sculptures after they get married and have children. However, in the late 1990s, few scholars were outstanding. Shadow sculpture is a big worry for the younger generation. Everyone's ideas are always different, perhaps this phenomenon is a precursor to the recovery of shadow play.

Relief is a combination of sculpture and painting. After compression, the object shows three-dimensional space with perspective and other factors, and it is only for one or two sides to watch. Relief is usually stuck on another plane, so it is often used in buildings and can often be seen on utensils. Because of its compression characteristics, it occupies less space, so it is suitable for decoration in various environments. In recent years, it plays an increasingly important role in urban beautification. Relief is as colorful as round carving in content, form and material. The materials of relief are stone, wood, ivory and metal.

Relief art is found all over the world, from ancient Egypt to the sculptures of temples and tombstones in ancient Greece and Rome. There are also many relief arts in temples, caves and tombs of kings in China, such as the six horses in Zhaoling. Egypt's "negative" relief, the image of relief is sinking into the plane of matter, which is unique in the world.

Concepts and characteristics

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Relief is a kind of sculpture that carves concave and convex images on a plane, and it is an artistic expression between circular sculpture and painting.

The spatial structure of the relief can be a three-dimensional shape or a plane shape; It can be attached to the carrier or exist relatively independently. Generally speaking, in order to meet the needs of viewing or decoration from a specific angle, the prominent feature of relief compared with circular carving is the two-dimensional or planar feature of the compressed body. The difference between relief and round carving lies in its relative flatness and three-dimensional sense. Its spatial form is the so-called compressed space between the two-dimensional virtual space of painting and the three-dimensional space of circular sculpture. The compressed space limits the free development of the decompression space. With the support of the plane background, the three-dimensional sense of circular sculpture is weakened, and the virtual and unreal in painting and perspective are adopted and utilized more to achieve the purpose of expression. Compared with circular carving, relief mostly deals with the relationship between space and form according to the principle of painting. However, in the central pursuit of reflecting aesthetic images, relief and round carving are completely consistent, and different forms of techniques show only some appearance characteristics. Relief, as one of the types of sculpture art, first shows the general characteristics of sculpture art, that is, its aesthetic effect involves not only vision but also touch. At the same time, it can give full play to the advantages of painting art in composition, theme and space treatment, and show the contents and objects that circular carving can't show, such as the background and environment of events and characters, the continuity and turning point of narrative plot, the free switching of different time and space perspectives, the interspersed and overlapping of complex and diverse things, etc. Carving and shaping on the plane make the relief combine the technical advantages of sculpture and painting, and maintain the diversity and diversification of techniques. The perspective in the two-dimensional space is reduced, and the background of the main image is portrayed or virtual, which makes the modeling language of relief more narrative than other sculptures, especially circular sculptures, without losing the expressiveness of ordinary sculptures.

Different degrees of compression in space have formed two basic relief forms-high relief and low relief.

Because of the high initial position and thickness, the high relief is less compressed, so its spatial structure and modeling characteristics are closer to the circular carving, and even some local treatments are completely handled by the circular carving. High relief often uses the spatial fluctuation or exaggeration of three-dimensional modeling to form a concentrated sense of spatial depth and strong visual impact, which makes relief art have special expressive force and charm for image building. The famous architectural relief "Departure 1792" on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France, is a masterpiece of high relief. The artist successfully combines the techniques of round carving and relief, fully showing the complex hierarchical relationship of overlapping and ups and downs of characters, giving people a strong visual impact.

The starting position of bas-relief is lower, the shape is more compressed, the sense of plane is stronger, and it is closer to the painting form to a greater extent. It mainly does not rely on physical space to create space effect, but uses painting techniques or perspective, illusion and other processing methods to create a more abstract compressed space, which is conducive to strengthening the dependence of relief suitable for the carrier. The ancient Assyrians in Mesopotamia were probably the best artists to express their art by this means. In a series of "Assyrian hunting pictures", they make good use of bas-relief techniques, showing a vibrant artistic image with a sense of rhythm and rhythm, and expressing the inner feelings of people and animals with complex dynamics.

When choosing the compression degree of relief space, the function, theme, environmental position, light and other factors of the object are usually considered, among which the environment and light factors play a decisive role. Excellent sculptors can always handle these relationships well and make their works achieve good visual effects.

Under the basic creative principle of fully expressing aesthetic thoughts and feelings, different forms of relief have their own emphasis on artistic character or expression adaptability. Generally speaking, the deep sense of space and strong plasticity of high relief endows its emotional expression with solemn, calm, serious and vigorous effect and magnificent momentum; With smooth lines and multi-angle plane composition, the bas-relief conveys the peaceful mood like light music and the romantic tenderness like lyric poetry.

With the development of sculpture art, the relative independence of circular sculpture is increasingly strengthened. In contrast, although relief is more dependent on "plane" or "wall", its unique performance characteristics and rich sculpture modeling methods are still irreplaceable by other art forms. Moreover, under the impetus of modern art revolution, its aesthetic characteristics have increasingly strengthened its relative independence. The dependence and adaptation to the fixed "wall" is no longer as strong, rigid and unshakable as the classical relief in modern relief. For modern relief, the "wall" as a carrier or environment is free and optional, so it has a broad space for free development.