Plum plum is a thing?

Plum belongs to Rosaceae. There are about 30 species in this genus and 8 species in China. Among them, China plum and European plum are the two most widely cultivated varieties in the world, followed by apricot plum, cherry plum and American plum.

I. Distribution area

Li has been cultivated in China for at least 3000 years. However, plum production has not been paid due attention for a long time, and its cultivation and management are extensive, which has not formed large-scale production. Since 1980s, under the guidance of reform and opening up and market economy, plum blossom production has developed rapidly. By the end of 1996, incomplete statistics showed that the cultivation area of plum trees in China reached 3.6 million mu, with an annual output of/kloc-0.5 million tons, ranking first in the world. Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian are the provinces with the largest plum production in China, and mainly cultivate Chinese plum and its variety Munai plum, among which Fujian Yongtai is the county with the largest plum production in China. Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei and Henan also have large areas of cultivation. Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin provinces in northern China are also areas with large cultivation areas, and the main cultivated varieties are Chinese plums. In North China, only Changli, Hebei Province and Yantai, Shandong Province are the regions with more plum cultivation in Europe. In addition, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces also have cultivation. In a word, plums are widely distributed in China, from south to north and from east to west, developing vigorously.

Second, the significance of cultivation

Plum fruit is not only beautiful, fragrant, juicy, sweet and sour, but also nutritious, and it is an excellent fresh fruit. Contains sugar, acid, protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamins, which is very beneficial to human health.

Plum fruit can also be processed into Cheng Mei dried fruit, candied fruit, jam, fruit wine, plum juice drink, preserved plum, etc., which is deeply loved by the public. Plums also have many medicinal functions. Plum has the functions of nourishing liver, treating liver ascites and breaking blood stasis. The nucleolus of plum has the functions of promoting blood circulation, diuresis and moistening intestine. Li's juice drink can prevent heatstroke. Dried prunes have the effects of sobering up, quenching thirst and stopping vomiting. In addition, leaves, flowers and roots also have medicinal effects. Plum is one of deciduous fruit trees, which ripens earlier. Its early-maturing varieties were listed almost at the same time as apricot, which also played a certain role in supplying the market in the early stage and meeting people's demand for a variety of fruits.

Third, cultivate characteristics

Plum blossoms do not have strict requirements for light, and generally grow well on the shady side of a hillside with deep soil and weak light. However, in places with sufficient light, the fruit has good color and quality. Plum is not strict with soil, and the requirements for soil quality are different because of different varieties. Li Neng in China grows normally on gravelly soil, sandy soil, chernozem, red soil and cinnamon soil in the Loess Plateau. European plums are suitable for growing on fertile clay. Plum also has strong adaptability to soil pH value. It grows well in neutral and slightly acidic soil with pH value of 4.7 ~ 7, and has strong adaptability in saline-alkali soil. It is most suitable for growing in slightly acidic soil with pH value of 6 ~ 6.5. The root system of plum is shallow, and the absorption roots are mainly distributed in the soil layer 20 ~ 40 cm below the surface. Drought resistance is weak, but it is also afraid of waterlogging, especially with apricot as rootstock. Plum has a high demand for water and likes humid environment.

At present, the main method of breeding li miao is grafting, and cutting is also useful in rainy areas in the south. Prunus armeniaca and Prunus armeniaca as rootstocks in the north; Peach used in the south; China plum and Prunus tomentosa are used as rootstocks in northeast China. In these areas, plum, cherry, plum, Mongolian plum and cherry are also used as rootstocks.

Most plum varieties are not self-pollinated, so a certain number of pollinated varieties must be arranged during cultivation. It is required that the pollinated varieties are not only close to the flowering period of the main varieties, but also have a large amount of pollen and good pollination affinity, which is 1 ~ 3. The ratio of pollinated varieties to main cultivated varieties is 1 ∶ 5 ~ 4. The crown of plum tree is smaller than that of apple and apricot tree, and its height is also short. It belongs to the type of small tree and can be planted closely. In places with poor soil layers in mountainous areas, the plant spacing of 1.5m× 3m can be adopted. The flat soil conditions are good, and the plant spacing of 3m× 4m or 3m× 5m can be adopted. The planting density should also consider factors such as rootstock, tree shape, variety and whether mechanized operation is adopted. http://www . zhongcaoyao . org/zcydq/29/i4s 295275 18y 120k . shtml

Fourth, Li should not eat more.

Plums are warm, and overeating can cause brain swelling and deficiency heat, such as upset fever, hot flashes and sweating. Especially when eating plums, remember not to eat them with sparrow meat and honey. On the contrary, it will damage people's internal organs and even cause death in severe cases.

"Plums that don't sink into the water are poisonous." If you accidentally buy sour and bitter plums, you won't be able to eat them.

plum

Plums are the fruits of plum trees, but the plum blossoms that are generally appreciated are other kinds of plums.

Plum blossom belongs to Prunus of Rosaceae. Also known as green plum, plum and sour plum. Originally from China, it is a subtropical fruit tree.

I. Distribution area

Plum blossom has been cultivated in China for more than 3,000 years and is rich in germplasm resources. There are 205 varieties, including Bai Mei 13, Meihua 95, Meihua 83 and Japanese 14. It has a wide geographical range, starting from the south side of the Yellow River Basin in the north, reaching the coast of Guangdong in the south, Bomi in Tibet in the west and Taiwan Province Island in the east. There are 18 provinces (cities, districts) with cultivated species or wild species. At present, Guangdong, Taiwan Province, Guangxi and Fujian are developing rapidly, and Zhejiang, Yunnan, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities are also breeding on a large scale. According to the incomplete statistics of 1995, the cultivated land area in China is about15.26 million mu, and the total output is about1320,000 tons. In the future, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the development of the international market, the demand for plum products will be increasing. In particular, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asian countries and Hong Kong and Macao are favored.

Second, the significance of cultivation

Plum fruit is rich in nutrition and contains many essential health-care substances, such as organic acids, vitamins, flavonoids and alkaline minerals. It contains 8 kinds of amino acids such as threonine and flavonoids, which is very beneficial to the normal composition and metabolic function of protein and can prevent cardiovascular diseases, so it is known as health food.

Fresh fruit is rarely eaten and is mainly used for food processing. Its processed products include salted dried plum, preserved plum, preserved plum, clear mouth plum, plum juice, plum sauce, dried plum, shredded plum, plum vinegar, plum wine and so on. Mei has many uses in medicine. For example, salted plum has antipyretic and anti-cold effects. Dried mume has the efficacy of treating chronic cough due to lung heat, thirst due to deficiency heat, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, biliary ascaris and cholecystitis. The flowers, leaves, roots and nucleoli of plum can be used as medicine. Mei's wood is tough and thick, beautiful in color, and it is an excellent joinery material. Plum products are easy to store and transport, and should be developed in remote areas, which is one of the ways to get rid of poverty and become rich in old, small, marginal and poor areas.

Third, cultivate characteristics

Plums like warm climate conditions. Judging from the regional temperature of plum cultivation in China, the average annual temperature 12 ~ 23℃ can be cultivated. If you are in the northern subtropical region (such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and other regions), you should pay attention to establishing commodity bases in areas with warmer early spring and less rain.

Plum has low requirements on soil, and can be planted in plains and mountainous areas, slightly acidic and alkaline, but it requires deep soil layer, loose soil and good drainage, and the hilly slope with a slope below 30℃ is the most suitable for cultivation. Generally, the slope facing south or east-west is appropriate. Mei is particularly sensitive to industrial waste gas. Especially the harm of fluorine has become a serious problem in plum cultivation. Therefore, when building a garden, we must choose a clean atmospheric environment and avoid pollution sources. Some varieties of plum are self-sterile. Although some varieties can self-pollinate, cross-pollination can obviously improve the seed setting rate and increase the yield, so pollination trees should be configured. The allocation ratio of pollination trees should generally not be less than 3∶ 1. Planting density should consider the characteristics of long life and large crown of plum trees, and should not be too dense. The specific density should be determined according to the management level, variety characteristics, soil fertility and plastic methods. Generally, the plant spacing is 4m× 4m or 4m× 5m, and 4 1 or 33 plants are planted per mu. The plant row spacing in barren hills is 3.5m× 4m, and 47 plants are planted per mu.