What is the percentage of coronary artery occlusion before stent implantation?

Cardiovascular disease is the health enemy of China people. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the total number of deaths related to cardiovascular diseases in the Republic of China exceeded that of cancer for two consecutive years. Among the 10 main causes of death in China, cardiovascular diseases closely related to "three highs" have increased the number of deaths in recent 10 years.

The older the blood vessels, the greater the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. With the growth of age, people's cardiovascular system will gradually age, and the originally soft and elastic blood vessels will become hardened or even narrowed due to waste accumulation and fat deposition. If it is because of bad eating habits and lack of exercise, the cardiovascular system will be more prone to premature aging. Bad habits such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol, high cholesterol.

Therefore, the hardness of human arteries represents the age of blood vessels. The higher the "vascular age", the higher the stiffness of reactive arteries and the greater the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At the same time, it will also affect the blood supply of various organs, and various diseases will naturally follow.

Generally speaking, human coronary arteries are rarely blocked before the age of 30. Even if men begin to accumulate fat after the age of 40, the inner diameter of blood vessels may not be affected, but it may be blocked to 50% by the age of 45 to 50. The older you get, the more severe the stenosis becomes. Under the protection of hormones, women generally suffer from vascular obstruction 10 years later than men.

The degree of vascular obstruction can be determined by measuring pulse wave velocity and carotid ultrasound examination. If you want to know your vascular age, that is, the degree of cardiovascular sclerosis and obstruction, according to advanced medical technology, you can confirm the degree of arteriosclerosis by measuring pulse wave velocity and carotid ultrasound examination. Generally speaking, it is suggested that people aged 40 to 50 can consider starting these tests.

Pulse wave velocity can directly reflect the degree of arterial cardiovascular sclerosis. The higher the hardness, the faster the conduction speed. For every standard deviation, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases will increase by 40%, especially among young people. With regard to carotid ultrasound, the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is measured as an indicator of arteriosclerosis, and the normal reference value is (age/100+0.3) mm. Every increase in intima-media thickness of 0. 1mm will increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by 15%.

Computed tomography coronary angiography can more accurately diagnose the degree of arterial occlusion. In addition, if you want to know the health status of your artery more accurately, you can also choose to perform computed tomography coronary angiography that requires injection of contrast agent. At present, most of them use more than 256 high-speed computed tomography to scan. Even if the diameter of the coronary artery is only 0.3 ~ 0.4 cm, as long as the vessel is blocked 10%, CT can also find it.

And if the test results are normal, you don't have to do it for 5 years; If the blockage degree is 25% to 49%, it can be checked after 2 to 3 years; If the blockage reaches more than 50%, it is recommended to seek medical advice immediately to assess whether the myocardium is ischemic. However, this inspection of health insurance is not paid, and it is about 20,000 to 30,000 at its own expense.

However, if you don't have a health check to confirm the arterial health, generally speaking, you won't go to the hospital until you have discomfort symptoms, such as breathing and feeling stuffy when walking or exercising, and your heart feels like a big stone. At this time, the degree of coronary artery stenosis has mostly reached 50% or even 70%.

To what extent does blood vessel blockage need invasive treatment? The most common question of patients with vascular occlusion is, to what extent do you need interventional therapy? Generally speaking, if the degree of coronary artery occlusion exceeds 70%, balloon dilatation or stent implantation will be carried out. But for 50% patients with vascular occlusion, whether to take invasive treatment or continue drug treatment depends on other more sophisticated detection methods.

However, sometimes arteriography is easily influenced by factors such as the direction and angle of blood vessels, so it is difficult to judge the real situation in blood vessels. Therefore, we can test the "blood flow reserve fraction" (FFR), that is, after a small manometer wire enters the coronary artery, apply adenosine, a coronary artery dilator, and then calculate the pressure difference between the front end (normal point) and the far end (focus point) of blood passing through the stenosis. If there is obvious pressure difference, it means stenosis.

If the degree of vascular obstruction is below 40%, it can be improved or maintained theoretically by drug treatment or continuous exercise. If the degree of vascular obstruction is below 10% at the time of examination, there is no need to take medicine, and the obstruction can be improved by exercise and diet adjustment.