National customs-Yi customs

Yi is a large minority in China with a population of more than 6.58 million, mainly distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and other provinces (regions). The population of the Yi people in Guangxi is more than 7,000, mainly distributed in more than 10 villages in 4 townships such as De 'e, Changke, Zhelang and Yancha in Longlin Autonomous County and 9 villages in 3 townships such as Chengxiang, Baidu and Xiahua in Napo County. The rest live in Xilin and tianlin county.

The Yi people in Guangxi moved in from Yunnan and Guizhou in different periods, and there are different opinions on when to move in, but at the latest in the early Ming Dynasty, they have moved in Longlin and other places for more than 600 years.

According to local customs, the Yi people in Guangxi can be divided into three types: black Yi, white Yi and red Yi (mainly based on clothing, not black Yi and white Yi in hierarchical concept), and the Yi people living in Longlin and Xilin counties (autonomous counties) are basically black Yi. Some of them came from western Yunnan, some from Dongchuan, Huize and Qujing in Yunnan, and moved to Longlin and Xilin through southwest Guizhou. Its language, costumes and customs are similar to those of the Yi people in Liangshan, Sichuan, Northwest Guizhou, Chuxiong, Yunnan and Dali. If it is still black, the man wears a "hero's knot" and a "chafar", while the woman wears a right-handed piping coat, a long skirt and a torch festival. But now this part of the Yi people in Longlin has changed their original costumes and holiday customs, which are the same as the local Zhuang and Han nationalities, and their language is still the same as that of the Yi people in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou.

The Yi people living in Napo County (such as Dala, Nianhua, Zhexiang, Pobao and other villages) are mostly Bai people who moved in from southern Yunnan. Their language, costumes and customs are the same as those of the Yi people in Funing, southern Yunnan. They are still white, the main clothing style is white (although embroidered with various silk patterns, it does not cover the white background), black pants with black handkerchiefs, floral scarves and leggings, and women's waists are big and black. The most solemn festival is the public sacrifice, but the torch festival. There are great differences between the Yi people in this area and the Longlin Yi people in language, dress and customs.

A few Yi people live in Powu, Pokang, Dawang and other villages in Napo County. They are called Hongyi (also known as Huayi). It is said that they wear red clothes and like to "eat red", such as saving pig blood, chicken blood stained with red glutinous rice and drinking raw blood during the New Year. This part of the Yi people speak another spoken dialect, which is different from the black Yi language and the white Yi language.

Yi people have their own language and writing. The Yi people in Guangxi use Yi language, and most of them are fluent in Chinese, and they also know the national languages nearby, such as Miao language and Zhuang language. Only a few ink workers know a little Yi language, and they basically don't use Yi language.

The Yi people in Guangxi live in mountainous areas and are engaged in agriculture. The main crops are corn, rice, barnyard grass and beans. Economic forests include camellia oleifera, tung oil tree, star anise, Chinese fir and cattle, horses and pigs. People live a simple life. Houses are stone houses made of mud walls or wooden boards. It turns out that transportation is extremely inconvenient, and transportation depends entirely on shoulders and horses. After liberation, expressways and many simple tractor plows were built, and the situation has been greatly improved. For example, the communication between the Yi people in Yang Zhe and the outside world in Napo County has always been hiking. 1989 1 month, the highway was officially completed, and the car went to the foot of Zhaiyi Mountain.

Most Yi people are monogamous families, attach importance to women's power as uncles and nephews, and are accustomed to the practice of cousin marriage, which is popular in some areas. Wedding and funeral customs are quite distinctive. For example, my uncle has great control over my nephew's engagement, and the dead must first go to his uncle's house to report the funeral. Son-in-law plays an important role in weddings, funerals and various festivals.

Yi people cherish bronze drums, which play an important role in their lives. During the New Year, they beat bronze drums and danced in Gongping. They also used bronze drums when building new houses and doing white things. Knock on the bronze drum to jump into the new house, knock on the bronze drum for funeral, and use it less for weddings and other happy events, but it can also be used if there are many guests coming from afar. As soon as the Yi people hear the percussion of bronze drums, they can't help dancing.

There are many festival activities, like Han and Zhuang, such as Forest Protection Festival on March 3rd, Bird Love Festival on June 6th, Road Construction Festival on August 23rd, Harvest Festival in October, as well as activities such as "discrediting face", "polishing autumn" and "hopscotch". Popular dances include bronze drum dance, Lusheng dance and erhu dance, while folk songs include wine songs, love songs, origin songs and funeral songs. Pay more attention to sacrifice. Please ask Mo Gongnan to predict everything.