What are the movie elements?

Film elements make up a film, which has seven elements: language, story, structure, thought, angle, emotion and lens.

Film is a kind of narrative art, although its narrative methods are varied, its structural patterns can be summarized into several types. Structure refers to the organization, arrangement and structure of the content of a work, such as phrase structure, sentence structure and paragraph structure. We should not only study the structural form statically; It is also necessary to dynamically study the structure generation; Microscopic study of structural components; Macroscopically study the structural network.

Piaget, the leader of structuralism, thinks: "A structure includes three characteristics: integrity, transformation and self-regulation." Integrity refers to the composition law of several membrane module construction systems; Transitivity means that the structure is a dynamic transformation system (not a static form); Self-adjustment means that structural transformation will not go beyond structural boundaries, and it is conservative and closed. Aristotle first pointed out that the narrative structure of literature is plot arrangement, and he thought that tragic plot should have a beginning and an end (integrity) and a length (time continuation process).

Plot structure plays an important role in traditional narrative works, and the most typical one is the structure of drama conflict: prologue-beginning-development-climax-ending-ending. Structuralism established a "centralized structure", while deconstruction resolutely opposed centralization, thinking that the center is "not a fixed point, but a function, an uncertain point that makes the activities of countless symbol substitutes possible", and they moved from "works" to "this article".

Barthes believes that "this article has no structure, everything in this article has been hinted and used many times, and this article has no complete whole or ultimate structure." He also believes that "there is no such thing as literary originality ... all literature is textualized".

Editing this narrative structure The narrative structure of the film also has multipolar (three) levels:

The first level refers to organizational relationship and expression, which can be called the structure or overall structure of this paper. Equivalent to the montage structure, it is the overall framework of the film, including "hidden structure, planning, design, comparison and the overall feeling of the form and content as a result" (in the words of Sa Thomas). Narrative structure is the skeleton and backbone of film life, and it is also the most important aspect of its appearance and style characteristics.

The second level refers to the organizational relationship of the overall film system, such as the genre film structure model, which is above the overall structure.

The third level is under the overall structure, that is, the combination of various elements in the film, such as the combination of plot, picture and clip.

In short, the narrative structure of the film involves more elements, so it is more complicated, and it needs fine plot design and exquisite structural layout to tell a good story. The "unstructured" created by the new wave is actually a more hidden, free and loose structure. Structure is not an intuitive object, so it is difficult for the general audience to analyze it. This is the significance of analyzing the film narrative structure model.

Extended data

Five common membrane structure modes:

① Causality (dramatic) linear structure. Taking the causal relationship of the story as the narrative power, dramatizing the story in linear time (flashbacks and interludes are rarely used), and the narrative chain is single (there is no juxtaposition, contrast and polyphony, but the story can develop with multiple clues), pursuing a complete ending with interlocking plot structure and strict logic, and emphasizing external conflicts and action intensity, such as life-and-death choices and last-minute rescue. Most traditional films belong to this category, and their classic plot structure strengthens "illusion reality" and "empathy" and confuses the audience into the play, such as Flying over the Mountain and True Lies. ?

(2) Ring jacket structure. Taking multi-layer narrative chain as narrative power and circulation in time direction as the leading factor (nonlinear development), it plays down the plot process and highlights the narrative mode, and the significance lies not in the story, but in the narrative. It mobilizes the audience to participate in the construction of meaning, replaces the empathy of the former with rational thinking, and does not give a definite ending and meaning, such as Rashomon, French Captain's Woman and Lola Run. ?

③ Conjugated block structure. There is no clear time linear story development and causal relationship, and there is no coherent and unified plot main line and drama conflict focus. It is composed of narrative fragments that disrupt time and space, and there is centripetal force between each fragment or mass, forming a prose structure of "scattered form and concentrated spirit" or a poetic structure of juxtaposed images. It does not win by plot and philosophy, but by images, such as Old Things in the South of the City, Spring in a Small Town and Pietro the Madman.

④ Staggered control structure. By combining more than two narrative chains (not just two story clues) to form a contrasting tension movement and construct a polyphonic theme, its causal relationship and dramatic linear narrative still exist, but it is more complicated. It combines empathy illusion and philosophical thinking, such as Lao Jing and Anna karenin. ?

⑤ dreamy polyphonic structure. With dreams and hallucinations as the main narrative links and contents, dialogues and conflicts are formed with more than two narrative keys, physical time and space are transformed into psychological time and space, and multiple dialogues (people, people and themselves, characters and narrators, characters and audiences) form dialogue carnival, such as Wild Strawberries, Eight and a Half, and Dreams.