Let me introduce my hometown-Datong City, Shanxi Province.

My home is in Datong, a famous cultural city with a long history. My hometown has not only history and culture, but also rich coal resources. There are four distinct seasons here, which is a good place for traveling and vacationing.

In spring, everything recovers and all rivers and waters are controlled. Datong, the ancient capital, exudes youthful vitality in the spring breeze. In the warm sunshine, the ancient city wall showed its beautiful side to people. She is like a kind old woman, smiling at our rapid development. Datong in spring is full of vibrant scenes, and the grass quietly pokes its head out and enjoys the touch of the spring breeze. She is very comfortable, dancing with people's cheerful songs, and everywhere is cheerful.

In summer, passionate and hospitable fellow villagers invite guests from all over the world to swim in our historical ocean and see the beautiful Yungang Buddha, kindness and warmth; Looking at Huayan Temple, we can see sculptures and ancient buildings handed down for thousands of years. Night arrival is a unique climate in Datong. A cool breeze blew away the heat during the day. In summer, people gather in the square, the ecological park and the Yu He River to enjoy the good places brought by municipal projects, relax themselves and have a good mood.

Autumn is coming, which is a good season for harvest. It is the most lively place in the counties around Datong. People walk in neat vegetable greenhouses, under fruit trees full of fruits, and in wheat fields shining with golden light. Wherever they go, they are full of harvest. Datong has many products, the most famous of which are tartary buckwheat, oat noodle, millet, yellow flower and astragalus. The variety of products has brought material richness to people. People who are getting richer gradually are filled with happy smiles, which are fragrant and sweet, and they love their hometown.

Winter has come, and the flying snowflakes are rolling and chasing in the sky, putting a silver coat on the beautiful ancient capital. With the popularity of central heating, Datong is full of warmth at this time, and people are enjoying another product provided by our hometown at home-coal. People who have been busy for a year begin to relax. People began to prepare new year's goods and visit relatives and friends. Restaurants are indispensable. The famous Fenglinge, Yonghe Restaurant and Kunlun Hotel are full of delicious food. Others will be jealous of Datong people, because we are so delicious that we can not only eat the delicious food from other countries, but also eat the unique bean jelly, Daoxiao Noodles and oat noodle of Datong, which makes foreigners envy us.

Datong, my hometown, I am proud of you, and your beauty is being shown to the world, because we all have a common desire, that is, to be one family under the sun.

Datong, called Yunzhong and Pingcheng in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city in Shanxi Province. It is one of the central cities in the border area of China, Shanxi, Hebei and Mongolia, and an important comprehensive energy base approved by the State Council [1]. As of 20 18, there are four districts and six counties in the city, with a total area of 14056 square kilometers, a built-up area of 202.74 square kilometers, a permanent population of 3.456 million, an urban population of 2.21.000, and an urbanization rate of 63.97%. [2]

Datong is located in North China, North Shanxi, the center of Datong Basin, the junction of Shanxi, Hebei and Mongolia, and the northeast edge of Loess Plateau. It is actually the barrier of the whole Shanxi, the gateway to the north and the throat of Shanxi, Hebei and Mongolia. It connects Erenhot, the largest port between China and Mongolia, to the north. It is a sub-central city in Shanxi Province, a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties, and is known as the "northern lock key". [3]

Datong is one of the first national historical and cultural cities. It was once the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Liao and Jin were the capitals. There are many historical sites in the territory, including Yungang Grottoes, Huayan Temple, Shanhua Temple, Hengshan Hanging Temple, and Jiulongbi [3]. It is one of the first batch of 13 big cities in China, one of the nine ancient capitals in China, a national new energy demonstration city, an excellent tourist city in China and a national garden city. [5][6][7]

Datong is one of the largest coal energy bases in China, the national heavy chemical energy base, and the midpoint of Shenfu, Zhungeer emerging energy zone and Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan developed industrial zone. Known as "Phoenix" and "China Coal Capital". 20 19, 19 was selected as the national pilot city for urban medical complex construction on August 3rd. [8]

Chinese name

Great harmony

Foreign name

Datong, датун? ,?

Another name

In the clouds, the city of peace, the phoenix.

Administrative category

prefecture-level city

Belonging area

North China

quick

navigate by water/air

Administrative Division Geographical Environment Natural Resources Population National Political System Economic Overview Traffic Social Undertakings Historical and Cultural Places Local Specialty Celebrity Honorable Title.

The development of history

Datong city wall

Stone Age human fossils discovered and excavated in Datong area were found in the south of Xu Jiayao Village, an ancient town in Yanggao County. Xu Jiayao people are descendants of Beijingers. About 654.38+ten thousand years ago, when migrating westward, it was blocked by Datong Lake and settled here. At the same time, many Paleolithic sites were found in Xiqing Ciyao, Xiaozhan, Zuoyun Yao Jiajia and Guangling Ximazhuang in Datong City, and thousands of stone products were counted. Mammalian fossils are born with this * * *. Typical Neolithic microliths and pottery have been found on both sides of Wuzhou River, Yu He River and Sanggan River, in Datong Gaoshan Town, Yungang Nanliang, Zhenxi Village, Zhenchuan Nanliang, Gushan, Shanglongmen, Lu 'an Kiln, Jijiazhuang, datong county, Jiugaoshan in Zuoyun County, Louzituan in Tianzhen County, Hua Hui in Guangling County, Fotang Temple in datong county and Liyu in Hunyuan. Experts believe that as early as 654.38 million years ago, human beings have flourished here.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Northern Emperor lived in Datong. The Northern Emperor refers to the nomadic tribes Hulin and Loufan who hunt for a living. According to "The Warring States Policy and the Interpretation of the Earth", "Now it belongs to the north of Kelanfu, Shaanxi Province, so the construction troubled Alakazam; Datong, north of Shuozhou, is close to the lake embankment. " The area from Datong to Hetao in Inner Mongolia was the place where Hu Lin lived in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Yao named He's son as the head of Beiyue, and his second son and uncle came to live there. In Shan Hai Jing, Datong in the Middle Ages was an Gu Ping country. Shang Tang was given the same surname here, and his son founded the country. [ 12]

At the beginning of the warring States period, it was a representative country, and later it was incorporated into Zhao. According to the history book "Zhao Family Biography", Zi once told: "Zi Zhu will take the two countries north, and they are all surnamed Zi." Jane's son died without blood. For Xiangzi's sake, he went to Xiafu in the north, where the butcher killed Daiwang with a copper barrel, and then he raised soldiers to replace the land. [ 12]

In 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, abolished the system of enfeoffment and established counties, with 36 counties in the country. Datong today is the land of Yanmen County and Daixian County. The recorded cities at that time were Pingcheng, Dai, Yanling, Pingshu, Wuzhousai, Xincheng, Banshi and Mayi. Meng Tian, the general of Qin Shihuang Sect, led 300,000 troops to attack Xiongnu in the north, and gathered people to build the Great Wall. In the valley, east of Zuoyun Mountain and west of Yungang, the city was built for Hu. [ 13]

The Western Han Dynasty followed the Qin county system, and its places were still Yanmen County and Dai Jun County. Yanmen County belongs to the secretariat of Bingzhou. Along the good and bad, * * * governs 14 counties: good and bad, Guoyang, Fan Shi, Zhong Ling, Yinguan, Loufan, Wuzhou, Wang Tao, Ju Yang, Hun, Lie, Mayi, Jiangyin and Pingcheng, and Pingcheng is under the jurisdiction of the commander of the Eastern Front. Dai Jun belongs to the secretariat of Youzhou, which governs Sanggan and * * * governs 65,438+08 county. In today's Datong, there are 65,438+00 counties: Daoxian, Liu Gao, Banshi, Shishi, Pingshu, Yanling, Lingqiu, Cheru, Pingyi and Shenhe. [ 13]

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, each state set up state animal husbandry, which was later changed to secretariat. Its land is Yanmen and Dai Jun. Yanmen County belongs to Bingzhou Secretariat Department, Yinguan County and Fourteen Counties. Today, there are four counties in Datong: Fan Shi, Wuzhou, Yan and Pingcheng. Dai Jun belongs to the secretariat department of Youzhou, governs Liu Gao and belongs to eleven counties. Today, there are six counties in Datong County: Liu Gao, Daoxian, Banshi, Shishi, Peiping and Heping Shu. During the Jianwu period, Fang Lu rose up and abolished eight border areas, and the people of Yanmen and Dai Jun moved to Changshanguan and Juyong Guandong. In the twenty-seventh year of Jianwu (5 1), it was restored to the county, which still belongs to Yanmen County. Represents the county and governs sorghum. "In Jian 'an, there are five counties in the cloud and Dingxiang, and the emerging county is in Taiyuan, and the county is a county. Therefore, there is no county of peace in the south of Gouzhu, which belongs to it. "There was chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the land in the north was abandoned as wasteland. In the twentieth year of Jian 'an (2 15), Cao Cao crusaded against Wuhuan and settled down. The people in the northern counties of Anji County are located in Pingcheng County, Xinxing County, Jizhou. In the first year of Huang Chu (220), Bing was restored, and Pingcheng belonged to Yanmen County of Bing. Both Pingcheng, which belongs to Xinxing County of Jizhou, and Pingcheng, which belongs to Yanmen County of Bingzhou, are foreign lands with the same name. [ 13]

Wenying lake scenic spot

During the Three Kingdoms period, the land was occupied by Wu Huan and Xianbei. Tongguang Temple was built in Pingcheng during the reign of Emperor Hanming (58-75), and it is the earliest Buddhist temple in Datong. [ 13]

In the Jin Dynasty, the northern part of Datong was the territory of Xianbei nationality, and the southern part was the territory of Yanmen County. At that time, the county had moved to Guangwu, and there were Guangwu, Yan, Wang Tao, Pingcheng,, Yuanping and Mayi in the county. In the 4th year of Yongjia (3 10), Liu Kun, the prime minister of the State of Jin, took Tuoba as the savior, and wrote to Emperor Huai of Jin, asking him to establish Xianbei Tuoba as the Daigong. In the first year of lite (3 13), Tuoba Luyi Ding Sheng was the northern capital, and Pingcheng was the southern capital after Qin and Han Dynasties, and Pingcheng was restored to the old rule, belonging to the country. [ 14]

Tuoba GUI of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved his capital from Lesheng to Pingcheng in 398 AD, renamed him Emperor and Yuan Tianxing, and set up Sizhou and Daiyin to rule Pingcheng from generation to generation. Three thousand guards, heroes and officials from six states and twenty-two counties moved to Dai Jun. "Running a palace, building a shrine and building a country" has carried out a series of large-scale capital construction. The following month, "Zhao Yousi is exceeding the plan to build the capital and control the suburbs", defining the scope of the capital: "Dai Jun in the east, goodness in the west, Yinguan in the south and Shenan in the north. West to the River (Yellow River), south to Zhongshan and Mense, north to Wuyuan, with a land of thousands of miles. " It also has four directions and four dimensions, and eight commanders and fighters are guarding it. [ 14]

Great harmony

In the first year of Tianbao in the Northern Qi Dynasty (550), the Eastern Wei Dynasty was replaced by the Northern Qi Dynasty, and Datong was the land of Beihengzhou and Beishuozhou, with little change. In the seventh year of Tianbao (556), Beihengzhou was changed to Heng 'an Town (now Datong), also known as Dongzhou Town, which was under the jurisdiction of Taiping County of Hengzhou and had 3,000 heroes who moved to the capital. Abandoning the town the following year, it is still Beihengzhou. During the Zhou and Qi Dynasties, Turks became more and more powerful. In order to defend the Turks, Rouran and Qidan, in the third year of Tianbao (552), the Great Wall was built from Xihe Zongqin to the Bohai Sea in the east, with a total length of more than 200 kilometers. In the sixth year of Natural Forest Protection (555), 1.8 million people built the Great Wall, from Xiakou in Youzhou to more than 450 kilometers west of Hengzhou. In the seventh year of natural protection (556), the Great Wall was built from Xihe River to the east of the sea. All the buildings built before and after are above 1000 km. [ 15]

In 557, the Western Wei was replaced by the Northern Zhou Dynasty. After Jiande was destroyed in the sixth year (577), the county was abandoned and moved to Heng 'an Town, and Shuozhou was changed to the northern Shuozhou General Government. Change Taiping County to Yunzhong County (this is called Yunzhong Chu). Lingqiu belongs to Yuzhou and is under the jurisdiction of Lingqiu County. [ 15]

After China was unified in the first year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (58 1), the state was changed to county, and the land was Mayi County and Yanmen County. Mayi County governs Yang Shan, Yang Shan, SHEN WOO, Yunnei and Kaiyang. Yanmen County governs Yanmen, Yanmen, Ma County, Wutai and Lingqiu. Heng 'an Town belongs to Yunnei County, Mayi County. In the fifth year of Huang Kai (585), it was appointed as the secretariat office of Daizhou. In order to resist the invasion of Turks, the great cause lasted for three years (607), and the Sui Dynasty "sent more than one million people to build the Great Wall, starting from Yulin in the west and ending in He Zi in the east on the 10th". In August of 6 15, Yang Guang visited Saibei. When the Turks learned that he led more than 654.38 million troops into Senegal, Yang Guang was forced to retreat to the Wild Goose Gate. With the help of the national army and civilians, Yang cleared the way. The following year, the Turks committed another crime and were repelled by Tang Gaozu's army. [ 15]

In the early Tang Dynasty, the county system was implemented according to the Sui Dynasty. In the fourth year of Wude (62 1), Liu Wuzhou was leveled and Heng 'an Town was restored to Beihengzhou. In the sixth year of Wude (623), Yuzhou left Lingqiu in Yanmen County. In the seventh year of Wude (624), Beiheng County was abandoned. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), the world was 13 Road, and Wei Yun, Shuozhou and other states belonged to Hedong Road. Yunzhou governs the cloud, and the county governs the cloud. Yuzhou governs the development of the Tang Dynasty, including the development of the Tang Dynasty, flying foxes and Lingqiu. Shuozhou governs goodness, Yang Shan and Mayi. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Hunyuanchuan was named Hunyuanzhou; Yingzhou is established in the name of Yanmen Mountain and Longshou Mountain echoing north and south. In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), Dingxiang County was established in Guyun County, and Yunzhou was also ruled. In the third year of Longshuo (663), Yunzhong Capital was protected by the imperial court. In the first year of Yongchun (682), it was destroyed by the desert water of East Turkistan, and all counties were abandoned, and the people moved to Shuozhou. In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), the county was restored and Dingxiang was changed to Yunzhong County. Abandon North Hengzhou as Dongzhou City and Fuyunzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Yunzhou was changed to Yunzhong County. In the first year of Gan Yuan (758), Yunzhong County was changed to Yunzhou. In the third year of Huichang (843), Yunzhou and Weizhou were regarded as Datong Road, and later belonged to Hedong, where Yong Lian set up Guan Yunzhou. In the 10th year of Xian Tong (869), the Datong Army was founded. In the second year of Zhonghe (882), Datong Festival was changed to Yanmen Festival. In four years (884), Yunzhou transferred to Hedong Road. After Tang Zhide, the central plains secretariat commanded the army, and the Datong defense envoy was led by Yunzhou secretariat, which governed Yunzhou, Wei and Shuozhou. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Yunzhou became the main area of struggle between Shatuo and Tugu Hunlian. It is also the place where Li Keyong and his son got rich. In the third year of Ganfu (876), Li Zike, our ambassador of Datong Army, took him as a guard and captured and killed the defenders in the clouds, according to the state. Nuozong pardoned Guo Chang as the defense emissary of Datong Army, but he was not ordered. In the first year of Guangming (880), Li Zhuo attacked Guo Chang, Guo Chang suffered a crushing defeat, and went north with Ke Yong. * * * nest in the capital, sent a letter to the northern army, ask Guo Chang for forgiveness, make him beg for a reward. He went all the way south with a utilization rate of 35,000 grams and won the first place in Beijing. Guo Chang was made king of Longxi County. Guo Chang died, and he used Yunzhou. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Yunzhou fell into a long-term war, and Li, the son of Li Keyong, destroyed the beam for the Tang Dynasty. [ 15]

The land of the Five Dynasties was occupied by the later Tang Dynasty, and the division did not change much. Yunzhong County is under the jurisdiction of Yunzhou and belongs to Hedong Road. Li Keyong and the Khitan Lu Ye Abaoji met in Dongcheng, Yunzhou, and they were brothers. Because of the meaning of "Siren", it was renamed Huairen County; On the establishment of Guangling County (now Guangling County) in Xingtang County of Yuzhou in 924. In the third year of Tongguang (925), the later Tang Dynasty and Yunzhou were the Datong Army Day. In the third year of Qing Dynasty (936), Shi Jingtang, the general of Hedong Rebel Army, worshipped Yelvdeguang, the master of Qidan, as his father, and used the soldiers of Qidan to destroy the later Tang Dynasty, claiming the title of emperor and taking the title of promotion. Sixteen states were ceded to the Khitan with the help of the Khitan. In the cloud, Wu Luan was sentenced to "disobeying the orders of the Khitan and staying indoors", repairing equipment day and night and guarding the city for half a year. "The mountain seeks help from Jin, and the Lord of Jin calls the mountain to the south", and Yunzhou falls. At this point, Datong was ruled by Khitan, Jurchen and Mongolia successively.