Who first invented the camera in the world?

A camera is an optical instrument used for photography. After the light reflected by the shot scene is focused by the camera lens (scene lens) and the shutter for controlling exposure, the shot scene forms a latent image on the photosensitive material in the camera box, and forms a permanent image after being developed and fixed. This technology is called photography.

The earliest camera structure was very simple, including only a black box, a lens and photosensitive materials. Modern cameras are more complicated, including lens, aperture, shutter, ranging, framing, metering, film transmission, counting, self-timer and other systems. It is a complex product integrating optics, precision machinery, electronic technology and chemistry.

Before 400 BC, Mozi recorded pinhole imaging in Mo Jing. /kloc-in the 0/3rd century, an image black box made by pinhole imaging principle appeared in Europe. People walked into the black box to watch images or paint landscapes. 1550, the Italian cardano put the lenticular lens in the original pinhole position, and the imaging effect is brighter and clearer than the black box; 1558, the Italian Barbaro added an aperture to the device in cardano, which greatly improved the imaging clarity. 1665, John Zhang, a German monk, designed and manufactured a small portable single-lens reflective image camera box, because there was no photosensitive material at that time, and this camera box could only be used for painting.

1822, the Frenchman Niepce made the world's first photo on the photosensitive material, but the image was not clear and needed eight hours of exposure. In 1826, he took a photo through a black box on the tin floor coated with photosensitive asphalt.

1839, Frenchman Daguerre made the first practical silver camera, which consisted of two wooden cases. One wooden box is inserted into another to focus, and the lens cover is used as a shutter to control the exposure time for up to 30 minutes, so that a clear image can be taken.

1860, Sutton, England designed the first single-lens reflex camera with a rotatable viewfinder. 1862, Detrie, a Frenchman, stacked two cameras together, one for taking pictures and the other for taking pictures, forming the prototype of a dual-lens camera. 1880, Baker of England made a double-lens reflex camera.

With the development of photosensitive materials, dry plates coated with silver bromide photosensitive materials appeared in 187 1 year, and films based on nitrocellulose (celluloid) appeared in 1884.

With the appearance of magnifying technology and particle film, the quality of lens has been improved accordingly. In 1902, Rudolf made a famous "Tiansai" lens by using the third-order aberration theory established by Cedell in 1855 and the high refractive index and low dispersion optical glass successfully researched by Abbe in188/0/year. Due to the reduction of various aberrations, the imaging quality is greatly improved. On this basis, in 19 13, a small Lycra camera with 35 mm film punched in the negative was designed and manufactured in Barnach, Germany.

However, all the 35 mm cameras in this period used perspective viewfinders without rangefinders. 1930 to make color film; 193 1 Germany Contex camera has been equipped with a double-image coincidence rangefinder based on the principle of triangular ranging, which improves the focusing accuracy, and adopts aluminum alloy die-casting body and metal curtain shutter for the first time.

1935, a single-lens reflex camera of Ek Saquetoux appeared in Germany, making it easier to focus and change lenses. In order to make the camera exposure accurate, Kodak camera began to install selenium photocell exposure meter at 1938. 1947, Germany began to produce Contax S five-prism single-lens reflex camera, which made the viewfinder image no longer upside down, and changed the top view to head-up focusing framing, making photography more convenient.

1956, the Federal Republic of Germany first manufactured an electric eye camera with automatic exposure control; After 1960, cameras began to adopt electronic technology, and many forms of automatic exposure and electronic program shutters appeared; 1975, the operation of the camera began to be automated.