North and South House Information, 600 words.

Hu's house is divided into north and south roads, facing each other across the street. It is also called South House and North House. Locals call it "North House". Nanzhai is the residence of Hu Laijin, deputy envoy of Shanxi Inspection Department in Ming Dynasty, which was built in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. Beizhaizi is the private residence of Hu Xin, the son of Hu Laijin. Hu's former residence is "the only residence with typical Ming architectural style in Gansu Province and rare in China".

It is exciting to learn from an old story that there are many ancient houses in the alleys of Yusheng Lane, Sanxing Lane, Chengyuan Lane and Jiang Fei Lane in Tianshui City. Recently, accompanied by our local photographer friend Huang Wuping, we came to Qincheng Road and visited Hu's former residence, a prestigious national key cultural relics protection unit.

Hu's residence consists of two ancient buildings, the South House and the North House, which face each other across the street. The towering archway, simple and elegant roof tiles and exquisite and complicated wood carvings all show that it is a typical Ming and Qing architecture.

Hu's house is divided into north and south roads, facing each other across the street, so there is a more popular name called "North and South House". Nanwu was the residence of Hu Laiga, deputy envoy of Shaanxi Inspection Department in Ming Dynasty, and Beiwu was the private residence of his son Hu Xin.

"Folk houses are buildings without architects, but they are also the most humanized buildings." It is precisely because Hu and his son are both famous ministers in the Ming Dynasty and are praised as "father and son" by Yi people that their former residence can be preserved for a long time. In these silent courtyards, their feelings and moral integrity still seem to set an example for future generations in a subtle way, which is worthy of careful observation by every visitor.

Let's start with nonsense. He used to be the magistrate of Daxing County. Grandfathers in local counties are generally seven products, and Daxing and Wanping are one grade higher than other places, both of which are six products.

As parents, the rights and responsibilities of the two counties are quite complicated, and they can't relax in judging cases, collecting taxes, selecting officials, educating and offering sacrifices. In addition, although the ranking is one product higher, this official is also risky. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, most of the royalty and ministers owned industries in Daxing and Wanping, and it was a trivial matter to lose the official position if the magistrate was a little careless. At that time, there was a proverb, saying that it was "the position of magistrate in Wanping ancient city-kneeling". It is estimated that the situation of Daxing county magistrate is not far from here. Hu Laiyan understands the difficulty of this job, but thinks that justice is free from people's hearts, and temporary gains and losses cannot be ignored. Hu Laijin has been in office for three years, and he is impartial in law enforcement. Even powerful people should be afraid of something. Those bureaucratic families not only did not fear him, but praised and recommended him and promoted him to be a doctor. At work, get rid of the old disadvantages, be a subordinate, and dare not bully. Later, he was promoted to the deputy envoy of Shanxi inspection department, and Yanmen prepared the road and died in the line of duty.

Xue Zeng, a local writer, once said that one of the secrets of visiting the ancient houses in the streets and lanes of Tianshui is: "There must be an old courtyard behind the high wall of the roadway, and those with uneven tiles must be deep houses." In fact, there is another trick, look at ancient trees.

In front of the gate house of Nanzhaizi, we saw an ancient pagoda tree which is said to be over 700 years old on the east side. Its two withered branches are like dragons and snakes in the air, and the other two branches are densely covered with twigs. In a few days, it is estimated that the new green will be born again. Later, when we saw the plaque of "Huaiyin" hanging high in the hall of the South Courtyard, we realized that the owner of the old house was quite complacent and attached great importance to this old tree.

Like other courtyards, the South Courtyard has its gate in the northeast corner. There is the word "vice" on the gate, which was written by Li Rang Hu Laijin at that time, "Walking on the right side of Gansu, right side". Hu's "Hanging Flower Gate" has the word "Guifu" inscribed by Emperor Kangxi (1669), and the brushwork wants to show it first and then hide it, so as to be imperial; The realm is broad and open-minded, conveying the implication.

Scholar-officials advocate lofty and nature, or build houses and gardens in cities or run gardens in rural areas. Hu and his son naturally understand this.

The front yard is also a quadrangle. The courtyard layout is ingenious, absorbing the style of southern garden architecture. Five-colored pebbles form different patterns such as the sun, gossip and nine palaces. The flowers and plants in the courtyard form a natural landscape with rockeries, which complement each other with prominent buckets, exquisite sparrows, straight grids of partition fans and ribbed dragons. The space is connected everywhere, the scenery is interspersed with each other, and the rich layering and diverse canvases give people a feeling of joy in mountains and rivers. Ruyi Yuntou on the special column has no color, and it is carved with mountains and mountains, mountains and mountains, a kind of scenery in the clouds, which vividly reflects the strong literati tolerance. Whether the sparrow replaces the carved dragon or the carved flowers and plants on the forehead, the pen and the pen are integrated, and the pen machine is integrated with Zen, forming a natural wonder.

The hospital has 38 rooms in 13 building, which has not changed its face after 400 years of vicissitudes.

In the backyard, there are South Study Room, North Guest Hall, East Buddhist Hall, and West Corridor, with scenery and paintings everywhere. Together with the piano, chess, calligraphy, painting, sculptor, sparrow and top ornament on the railing of the house, it constitutes a poetic and picturesque scene. Although there is no atmosphere in the front yard, they are more elegant.

Compared with the south house, the scale of the north house is more grand.

The plane of the North House is close to a square. It used to be a courtyard with three entrances and five large and small courtyards on the side. Now there are only the front and back yards of the Second and Third Hospitals, the court building and the wing of the Intermediate People's Court.

As the most accomplished historical figure in Hu family, his official voice is louder than his father's. He was born a scholar and served as a magistrate in Linfen, Shanxi. Later, he was promoted to Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry, and the official was Shao Qingsi of Taichang Temple. When he was in office, he bluntly played many times and was known as "Beihai Rui".

According to "Tianshui Hu's Dwellings", there are many stories in local chronicles and folklore. There is also a folk song "Niutoushan, sharp to sharp, Hu's family has a companion" in Ma Paoquan, Maiji District. Niutoushan is a section of Ma Paoquan in Maiji District which is backed by Xiaolongshan. These two mountains surround Mapaoquan Town like bulls' heads. The common people think that this is the embodiment of the aura of Ma Baoquan Mountain. As a result, Hu Jia's senior officials accompanied you.

Hu Xin took part in the construction of two palaces (Kunning Palace and Gan Qing Palace) and three halls (Imperial Palace, nave and Jianji Hall) when he was in charge of the project, which can be described as an architectural expert. The quadrangle building of the Intermediate People's Court is the most admired by the experts of the North House: five rooms are wide, two-story pavilions and hard roofs. There are six columns and six columns in the lower floor, and the connection between purlins and columns is far more complicated than that in the south house. The breast between the cornice and the column is crescent-shaped, which is called "moon beam" in ancient architecture, which is a very elegant construction method in official architecture. Carved railings are embedded between the upper eaves columns, and there are railings and tapestry ring plates on five sides of each room. Each work is carved with a group of flower patterns in relief, including lotus, peony and passion flower. One of them carved a word on the circle. The overall carving is exquisite and not complicated. Although the original painting has been eroded by wind and rain for hundreds of years, its color is still faintly visible. Some people commented that this quadrangle building is not inferior to the well-known Tianyi Pavilion Library in Ningbo, "the gorgeous and exquisite details are even worse.

Hu Xin is also a scholar, and his body naturally exudes the elegant feelings of the scribes.

Clusters of dancing bamboos and several exquisite rockeries in the courtyard are thought-provoking. I am reminded of a couplet written by Harry, another famous person in the Qing Dynasty, in Tianshui: "It is lovely for me to listen to the flowing water and watch the mountains with simple people. It is not wrong to try to figure out the life interest of Hu Xin by learning from the old nursery and planting vegetables behind closed doors in troubled places.

You can see the existence of ancient houses in modern cities with high-rise buildings, just like holding fragile crystals in your hand, which makes people cherish it very much.

It is generally said that ancient dwellings have three values: history, science and art. After Hu's descendants moved out of the old house a few years ago, it still has unique utilization value. A large number of woodcuts, handicrafts, hand-made workshop equipment, embroidery, etiquette, scrolls, daily production tools, etc. collected in northern and southern dwellings show the audience a microcosm of Tianshui people's ancient life, which has benefited people a lot.