Has the Forbidden City changed greatly since the Ming Dynasty?

The Forbidden City, formerly known as the Forbidden City, was the imperial palace of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was built in the fourth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty and completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle. After nearly 600 years of vicissitudes in Ming, Qing, Republic of China and New China.

Known as the first of the five largest palaces in the world, the Forbidden City is an important epitome of China's tourism culture. The Forbidden City has an average of tens of millions of visitors every year. Many people may have doubts in their hearts. After all these years, is the Forbidden City still intact? After the founding of the People's Republic of China, has it been repaired and expanded with modern building technology? Today, Song Anzhi will tell you about it.

At first, the Forbidden City covered an area of 720,000 square meters, equivalent to 1.087 mu. The construction area of Taiyana-Taylor is about 6.5438+0.7 million square meters. After hundreds of years, there are still 6.5438+0.5 million square meters of buildings.

Despite the continuous renovation, reconstruction, reconstruction and expansion in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the basic framework of the Forbidden City was still built by the Ming Emperor Judy.

Although the Forbidden City as a whole has not changed, it has actually changed a lot.

1420 after the completion of the Ming Palace, the following year, the three halls were destroyed by fire. After the restoration, it was burned again in Jiajing period of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty. The third fire in the third year of Wanli in Ming Shenzong, the three halls were destroyed, and it was not until the apocalypse of Xi in the Ming Dynasty that they were restored. In 276 of the Ming Dynasty, three temples and two palaces were burned down and rebuilt again and again.

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Li Zicheng proclaimed himself emperor in the Forbidden City. When he hurried back to Beijing, he burned down the three halls of the Forbidden City. After the Qing dynasty entered the customs, it resumed.

Although it was obviously established in the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty was established by Manchu minorities, so the renovation and reconstruction of the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty had some Manchu styles.

As far as building materials are concerned, the Ming dynasty started from the south, so it likes to use nanmu, so nanmu was used in the Forbidden City from the beginning. The Qing dynasty began in the northeast, so it preferred pine and cypress outside the customs. In addition, the large-scale exploitation of nanmu in the Ming Dynasty was rare in the early Qing Dynasty, and the demand was in short supply. In addition, Nanmu production area in the southwest was actually controlled by San Francisco Wu Sangui, not under the rule of Qing Dynasty. So in the twenty-fifth year of Kangxi, in the name of reducing the burden on the people, he stopped the mining and transportation of nanmu in Sichuan and advocated the timber outside the customs. The original commandment said, "Shu province has been attacked by soldiers repeatedly, and the people are extremely poor. I feel sorry for it, so should I be trapped again? " Besides pine, there are many kinds of wood that can be used. If used as temple materials, it can last for hundreds of years. Why did Nanmu stop the collection and transportation in Sichuan Province? "In the twenty-ninth year, he boasted," Nanmu was used in palaces in the Ming Dynasty, but only pine was used in this dynasty. ".Of course, I was still filming a small piece of nanmu.

During the reign of Emperor Gaozong in the Qing Dynasty, the northern part of the Forbidden City was completely replaced by pine and cypress.

During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the left and right inclined corridors of the Hall of Supreme Harmony and the Hall of Baohe will be changed into inclined walls. And the left and right eaves of the temple were changed into cornices. According to the Yellow Book of the Qing Dynasty, there was a project to repair the inclined corridor in the eleventh year of Kangxi. In the eighteenth year of Kangxi, the Hall of Supreme Harmony was burned, and in the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi, the inclined gallery was changed into an inclined wall for fire prevention. Change the appearance of the corridor from exquisite and beautiful shape to rigid gable.

To sum up, when the Qing Dynasty renovated and rebuilt the Forbidden City for many times, although it did not change the overall pattern of the Forbidden City, it added a lot of Manchu customs to the Forbidden City.

1840 after the first opium war, China entered a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. inside

At that time, the policy of repairing the Forbidden City was "key maintenance, key repair, overall planning and gradual implementation". Therefore, the research unit of ancient buildings was set up in the Palace Museum, and experienced workers were hired to organize professional and technical teams to carry out maintenance on the basis of scientific research, thus carefully protecting the Palace Museum.

At the same time, on the basis of the original Forbidden City, lightning rods were installed in the palace to prevent lightning strikes and fires. On the basis of the drainage system of the Forbidden City, fire exits were set up and fire brigades were organized. On the other hand, the old cultural relics of the Forbidden City have also been scientifically sorted out, and the collection of cultural relics has gradually been supplemented.

After the first renovation, Puyi went back to visit the Forbidden City and wrote a memoir, My First Half Life. When he came to the palace where he lived, he looked at the brand-new palace and said in surprise that it was so neat that he didn't recognize it.

Of course, the renovation of the Forbidden City is limited by the loss of traditional crafts. Some places that need to be repaired have lost their original repair methods, so they can only be repaired slowly with modern technology and try to keep their original appearance unchanged.

Generally speaking, the Forbidden City in Beijing has experienced nearly 600 years of vicissitudes. Although it has been repaired, rebuilt, rebuilt and built numerous times, it has generally maintained the pattern of the early Ming Dynasty. Such a tourist destination is still worth visiting.