Introduction to the author of Entomology?

Jean Henri Casimir Fabre? [ 1]? (Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre, 1 823 65438+February 22nd-1915 65438+1October1), a famous French entomologist, writer and naturalist. Known by the world as "Homer in the insect world" and "Virgil in the insect world". He painted more than 700 pictures of fungi in watercolor, which was deeply appreciated and loved by Provencal poet mistral. He also contributed to the bleaching and dyeing industry and obtained three alizarin patents. His main works are Entomology (all ten volumes) and Chronicle of Natural Science.

Chinese name

Jean Henri Casimir Fabre

Foreign name

Jean Henri Casimir Fabre

Another name

Fabre

nationality

France

date of birth

1823 65438+February 22nd

date of death

191510 June 1 1 day

graduated institutions

Yaweinong Normal School

occupation

Entomologists and writers

Major achievements

He is the author of Chronicle of Insects and Natural Sciences. Obtained three patents related to alizarin.

birthplace

Saint Leon, Provence, France

representative works

Entomology, chronicle of natural science

blood type

O type

gender

man

general situation

Jean Henri Casimir Fabre is a famous French entomologist, animal behaviorist and writer. Known by the world as "Homer in the insect world" and "Virgil in the insect world". Fables was born in a farmhouse in Saint Leon, Provence, southern France. In the following years, Fables spent time with his grandparents in Malaval, not far from the village. At that time, he was attracted by lovely insects such as butterflies and fireflies in the country.

1857, he published "Observation on the Habit of Ophiuchus argus", which corrected the wrong view of Leon dufour, the founder of entomology at that time, thus winning the praise of French research institute and being awarded the experimental physiology prize. During this period, Fabers also devoted himself to the study of natural dye madder or alizarin. At that time, the red color on French soldiers' trousers came from madder powder.

From 65438 to 0859, Fabres obtained three patents for this kind of research. Later, at the invitation of Victor Durui, Minister of Education, fabrice was in charge of the organization and teaching of an adult night school, but its free teaching method caused some people's dissatisfaction. So he quit his job and settled in Orange with his family for more than ten years. In this decade, Fabres completed the first volume of ten volumes of Insects. During this period, he and his friends went to Wandu several times to collect plant specimens. In addition, he also met the British philosopher Mill, but Mill died young, which made their previous plan "Vascruz Vegetation Grand View" die. At the same time, an unfortunate thing happened to Fabres: he had six children, among whom Jules, the only son, shared the same interests with his father and loved observing nature, and died at the age of sixteen. Since then, Fables has dedicated several plants he discovered to Jules who died young to express his memory.

The study of fungi has always been one of Fables' hobbies.

Fabre

1878, he wrote many wonderful academic articles on the theme of Vacruzzi's fungi. He also made a detailed study of Kuaizi and described his fragrance in detail. Gourmets claim that they can taste all the flavors described in his works from real chopsticks.

1879, fabrice bought a barren stone garden in Ang, cellini, and lived here until his death. This is a barren land, but it is the favorite land of insects. In addition to living for his family, there is also his study, studio and experimental field, which can make him concentrate on thinking quietly and devote himself wholeheartedly to various observations and experiments. It can be said that this is the world he has always dreamed of. It was here that Fabres finished the last nine volumes of Insect Tales while observing and experimenting, and sorting out the observation notes, experimental records and scientific notes of the first half of his life. Today, this former residence has become a museum, quietly located in a botanical garden with strong Provence style.

Fables insisted on self-study for half his life, and obtained bachelor's degree, bachelor's degree in mathematics, bachelor's degree in natural science and doctor's degree in natural science in 12. He is proficient in Latin and Greek and loves the works of Horace, an ancient Roman writer, and Virgil, a poet. He almost taught himself painting and watercolor painting, and many of his exquisite illustrations of fungi were praised by the Nobel Prize in Literature winner and French poet Frederic mistral. In his later years, Fabres's success in insects won him the reputation of "Homer of insects" and "Virgil of insects", and his achievements were widely recognized by the society. Although fabrice has won many scientific titles, he is still as simple, shy and humble as ever, and leads a poor life. His talent was admired by scholars at that time, including British biologist Darwin, Belgian playwright maeterlinck, Nobel Prize in Literature winner of 19 1 1, German writer Jung, French philosopher Bergson, poet Malamei, Provence writer Roumani, and so on. Because Fables' experiment was accurately recorded in Insect Tales, which revealed many secrets of insect life and habits, Darwin called Fables an "imitative observer". When he lived in Cerini, many scholars and writers visited him in succession. Fabres had received Pasteur, British philosopher Mill and other scholars in his own residence, but his correspondence with them was not frequent. Victor Durui, Minister of Education, recommended Fables to Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, who awarded him the Medal of Honor. French politician Raymond Poincare paid tribute to him by making a detour through Cerini. Fabres's works with multiple identities are varied: as a naturalist, he left many academic works on animals and plants, including Fine Grass: Patents and Papers, Animals in avignon, Cuckoo, Mushrooms on Olive Trees, Grape Root Aphids and so on. As a teacher, he has compiled many textbooks of chemical physics. As a poet, he wrote many poems in Provence in southern France, and was affectionately called "Gadfly Poet" by the local people. In addition, he translated the works of some Provencal poets into French. In his spare time, he also creates some ditties with his small mouth. However, the longest, most important and most widely known of Fabres's works is Insects, which not only shows his talent in scientific observation and research, but also conveys his humanistic spirit and incomparable love for life to readers.

childhood

1823 12.22 was born in San Leon, an ancient village in the mountainous area of Lunage, Avilon province in southern France. The teacher in the village named him John Amway. Father Antonio (born in 1800) and mother Fekval (born in 1805).

1825 (at the age of 2) my brother Franti lick was born.

1827 (at the age of 3) Because his mother had to take care of his younger brother, he was fostered with his grandparents in Malabang village from the age of 3 to 6. This is a big farmhouse with many older children. He is a child with strong curiosity and memory. He once proved that light can be seen by his eyes and traced the insect singing in the leaves to dew. I like listening to grandma's stories before going to bed, but on cold winter nights, I often sleep with my sheep in my arms.

1830 (6 years old), he returned to Sa Wang Lei village and entered the private school run by Teacher Lika. In class, pigs and chickens often run into the classroom for food. Write down the letter A B CD E ... from animal books, I became interested in insects and grass, found the nest of blackbird, got the blue egg in the nest, and put the egg back in its original place under the persuasion of the priest. In order to increase family income and help to look after ducklings, they are responsible for rushing to the swamp for stocking, so as to find crystals, mica and other organisms and minerals in the swamp.

Fabres 1833 graduated from high school (9 years old). The whole family moved to Rhodes, and my father made a living by running a coffee shop. He entered Wang Li College and became an assistant to the mass ceremony without paying tuition. When I was a student, I studied Latin and Greek, and I liked reading the poems of the ancient Roman poet Vilkki Reese.

1837 (13 years old), my father failed to run a coffee shop and his family moved to Torres. Enter Eskil Theological Seminary.

1838 (14 years old), my father's business failed again, moved to Montpellier, opened another shop, left home alone to sell lemons and became a railway worker. I once spent more than a day's salary buying Rubl's poems and taking them to vilen to read. Knowing all kinds of insects is my greatest pleasure. I felt very happy when I first caught the European cloud gill beetle.

teenagers

Worked in 1839.

1840 (16 years old), was scolded by the teacher for poor grades and studied hard. It took him two years to complete three years of credits, and he freely studied natural history, Latin and Greek for the rest of the year.

1842 (19 years old) After graduating from normal school, she became a teacher in Karban Tora Primary School with an annual salary of 700 francs. She was praised for her enthusiasm for teaching. My father failed in business and moved from Montpellier to Bordeaux.

1843 (19 years old), students learned about wallflower bees in the field investigation practice class. It is also because of this kind of bee that I began to read Chronicles of Arthropods written by Blanche and Leomir, and I fell in love with Entomology.

1844 (aged 20) married her colleague Mary van Yael (aged 23). Study mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc. On your own. My father's coffee shop is closed again, and he is temporarily working in Karban Tora Tax Bureau.

1845 (2 1 year), the eldest daughter Ai Lisha Bate was born.

Ai Lisha Bate died in 1846 (at the age of 22). Passed the mathematics entrance examination of Mombelli University. My brother Franti Lick became a primary school teacher.

1847 (aged 23) obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Mombelli University. The eldest son John was born.

1848 (aged 24) received a bachelor's degree in physics from Mombelli University.

John, the oldest male, died young. I really appreciate Tosnell's works about birds. I hope to teach in a university, but I have no chance.

youth

1849(25 years old) works as a physics teacher in Ajegsio National High School in Corsica, with an annual salary of 1800 francs. Facing the rich nature of Corsica, I began to study animals and plants. Besides, he is also very keen on mathematics. Climb every mountain in Corsica with botanist Lucia and collect plants.

1856 (at the age of 32) won the experimental physiology prize of French bachelor's college for his research on tumor-inhibiting bees. Continue to study insects such as high-nosed bees and short-winged turnips, but because of the hardships of life, the research time is not much. Part-time tutor, tutor and other positions, began to study the extraction of dyes from madder.

On May 2,1,1857(33 years old) found the larvae of short-winged turnips in the nest of striped bees, and published the paper "The Transformation of Turnips" and the paper on plants.

Fables is observing insects, photographed by French photographer Nadal.

1858 (at the age of 34) learned that it was impossible to become a university professor without property and devoted himself to the research of madder dyes.

From 65438 to 0859 (at the age of 35), Darwin praised Fabres as a "rare observer" in his book On the Origin of Species.

The second male Jules was born. Curator of Rukia Museum. Inspector Druid visited and met botanist Duracole, and then met British economist Miller who lived in avignon, and became friends with plants.

1862 (38 years old), Anjie published a primary school book. I met Della klapp, president of Paris Press, and was encouraged by him to write easy-to-understand scientific books.

1863 (39 years old) gave birth to three men, Amir and Druid became the Minister of Education.

1865 (4 1 year-old), Dundu Mountain was in distress, and pasteur, a bacteriologist, made a door-to-door visit to give Della klapp scientific books such as Sky and Earth.

1866 (at the age of 42) successfully extracted dye pigment from madder, and was hired as a professor of physics at Avignon Normal School.

1867 (at the age of 43) was affirmed for his contribution to Vignon, and he won the Cagnel Prize of 9000 francs.

1868 (at the age of 44) was awarded the medal of Ray Wang Zi Denur on the recommendation of Minister of Education Deroy, and paid tribute to Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. Be a lecturer in natural history and physics at night. The successfully developed madder dye will be industrialized. Shortly after the establishment of the factory, Germany completed the chemical synthesis of garlic thiamine dye, and the dream of industrialization of madder dye was dashed. The teaching method of public lectures was opposed by conservative educators and churches, so they fired the teaching staff of normal schools.

1869 (at the age of 45) at the instigation of conservatives, de Lehir resigned as minister of education.

middle age

Lan Ou JIU times

1870 (aged 46) borrowed money from Miller and moved to Lan Ou. Raising a family of seven is a heavy burden. Fortunately, popular science books are published one after another, and you can pay back the money bit by bit.

187 1 year-old (47 years old) lives a life of writing books and observing insects. This year, because of the German-French war, it was impossible to get royalties and manuscript fees on time, and life was even more difficult.

1872 (48 years old) Due to the introduction of Druai, the chemist Ma presented a microscope.

1873 (aged 49) Miller passed away. Forced to resign as director of Rukia Museum and protest to the mayor. He was awarded a silver medal by the Paris Society for the Protection of Animals, and his works on mathematics, plants and physics came out one after another.

1877 (53 years old), the male Jules died, and three kinds of bees were named Florus native bee, Florus high-nosed bee and Florus cave bee for Jules in Latin.

1878 (54 years old) was deeply hit by Jules' death, and his health was greatly worse than before. I almost died of pneumonia, but I was lucky to pull through with strong willpower.

1879, insect book 1 completed (the original contents include: sacred dung beetles pushing dung balls, tumor-dwelling bees catching weevils, Languedoc cave bees catching short-winged owls, etc. ).

Alamas era

1879 (55 years old) finally sorted out the observation data for more than 20 years into Insects 1 volume. Because the landlord cut down two rows of buttonwood trees in front of Lan Ou's house, he moved away angrily. I found my ideal home outside Longlini village and named it "Almas" (meaning wasteland). There are many drought-tolerant and prickly plants in the courtyard of Almas, which is a paradise for all kinds of insects. On April 3rd, Insect Book 1 was published by Della klapp Publishing House. In the future, a book will be published about every three years.

1880 (56 years old), fabrice bought an old house on the wasteland near the town with a small sum of money saved. He took an interesting nickname in the local Provencal language-"Wild Stone Garden". At that time, science books were very popular, and some of them were designated as textbooks. A large number of scarab larvae were found in the dead leaves in Ulster's yard, so they began to study and observe their lives, and retired soldier Fabina served as his assistant.

188 1 year-old (57 years old) was appointed as a correspondent member (local member) of Paris College.

1882 (58 years old) The second book of insects was published. My elderly father moved in.

1885 (6 1 year-old) His wife Mary died (64 years old). Three girls, alea, are playing the role of mother and dealing with housework. Began to draw a "mushroom" picture with watercolor.

1887 (aged 63) married Josephine Doutie (aged 23) who was born in Longlini village. Became a communication member of the French entomological society and won the Delphi Award from the Alumni Association.

Josephine gave birth to four male Boers at 1888 (64 years old).

1889 (at the age of 65) won the Butch Delmonte Prize, the highest honor of the French Academy, and won the prize of 10000 francs.

1890 (66 years old) gave birth to five girls, Paolino.

189 1 year (67 years old) Four daughters Claire passed away.

1892 (aged 68) was awarded an honorary member of the Belgian entomological society.

1893 (aged 69) Father antonioni passed away (aged 93). I began to study the incredible ability of moths, and found that male moths can find female moths from far away because of a kind of "information divergence" from female moths, which is similar to the so-called "hormone" today. Fabers called May 6th, when moths gathered at home, "Moth Night", roasted the larvae of moths to eat, and fired cannons to test the cicada's hearing.

Fabres is at work.

1894 (70 years old) was awarded honorary member of French entomological society. The habits of dung beetles, half-human dung beetles, beaked elephants and big scorpions were observed.

Anna was born in 1895 (73 years old).

1897 (75 years old) educates three young children in Almas' home, and his wife Josephine also takes part in this class.

1898 (76 years old) The second daughter Andrea died.

1899 (77 years old) Because there are many imitations on the market, his science books are no longer designated as teaching materials, so his royalties are reduced and his life is in trouble again.

1902 (80 years old), in order to raise three young children, he began to take out royalties and manuscript fees deposited in the publishing house and was awarded an honorary member of the Russian entomological society.

1905 (82 years old) The French Academy awarded the Junior Award and received a pension of 3,000 francs.

1907 (84 years old), entomology was published in 10, but the sales volume was not good. Student Dr. Legro proposed to hold a celebration ceremony for the 30th anniversary of the publication of Insects, and found that Mr. fabrice's life was even more miserable than he expected.

1908 (85 years old) Thanks to the efforts of Mistora, a poet in Brobanes, Fables' contribution was affirmed and he received a pension of 1500 francs.

1909 (86-year-old) wrote the entomology volume 1 1 (studies on fireflies, caterpillars on Chinese cabbage, etc. ), and his body is very weak, so he published a poem. He was awarded the title of "Poet of Brobanes" by Albus.

19 10 On April 3rd (aged 87), at the appeal of Mistola, students, friends and readers were called together to hold a celebration ceremony. This day was designated as "fabrice Day", and "Insect Story" became famous all over the world, winning the Medal of Ray Wang Zi Denur (one level higher than last time) and a pension of 2,000 francs again. He was awarded the Forest Award by stech Holm Bachelor College and received many donations from home and abroad. All thank-you letters were returned, except those donated to poor families with unknown addresses. The French literary circle named Virgil of Insects and recommended her as a candidate for Nobel Prize in Literature.

19 12 (89 years old) His wife Josephine died (48 years old) and was taken care of by Alia and the monastery nurse Anthony Enu. Thierry, Minister of Public Affairs, visited.

19 13 (90 years old) President Boancare visited and paid tribute to Fabres on behalf of French nationals.

19 14 (9 1 year) Emile and his brother Franti lick died one after another.

Fabres 19 13 or so.

19 15 (92 years old) In May, with the help of my family, I sat in a chair and walked around the yard for the last time. 10 years1October 7th, uremia worsened. 65438+ 10 month 1 1 passed away. On June 16, he was buried in Longlini Cemetery, and mantis snails came to see him off. At the age of 92. ( 1823— 19 15)

192 1 year, with the efforts of Congressman Rugolo, the government bought the Almas, preserved it under the name of "Almas Fabres", and hired Alia and Bohr to manage it.

It's Pina Dioghi who runs this place.

Fabrice's home was preserved in the form of a museum at the initiative of Mrs. Kabardino, a primary school teacher in Sa 'Wang Lei.