How to cultivate preschool children's positive and optimistic emotions and emotions?

First, families should create a happy, harmonious, democratic and equal atmosphere, so that children can live freely, talking and laughing; Have enterprising requirements and self-confidence, no mental burden and pressure. This requires parents to do the following: 1. Family members care about each other, are harmonious and humorous, often tell jokes easily, and often hold family gatherings if possible. Parents should never quarrel in front of their children, and be natural and polite in daily communication. 2. Let children easily participate in daily conversations in the family. His words deserve the same respect. They are not allowed to laugh at him and accuse him, but should be corrected in a friendly and friendly way. 3. Always take children out to travel, visit, take photos, go shopping, visit friends, visit relatives, watch movies, go to libraries and bookstores, discuss activities with children, and even ask their opinions when ordering food in restaurants. Children should be allowed to do housework as much as they can, and children should be encouraged and thanked to care about adults' lives. Let children properly understand the difficulties at home and let them participate in overcoming them. 5. Children's study and exercise should focus on encouragement, praise, temper justice with mercy, and sometimes appropriate criticism. Serious criticism should show respect and trust for children. Parents should be "coaches", "instructors", "staff officers" and "consultants" to help children learn and exercise, not "inspectors" and "supervisors". 6. Treat children's classmates and partners with enthusiasm, participate in some children's entertainment, games and intellectual activities appropriately, and help them solve some practical difficulties. A child's good friend is also your little friend. 7. Parents should try their best to show their beautiful image in front of their children, such as loving learning, working actively, studying well, or having legitimate hobbies, being friendly to people and having a wide range of knowledge. Behave appropriately and solemnly in front of children, so that children will have trust, respect and happiness. 8. Always carefully observe the child's emotions (but don't attract the child's attention) and try to keep him in the "best emotional line" of "happy and calm". When a child's mood is at this level, his mood is the happiest, his body is the most comfortable, his intellectual activities are the most focused, and his study, work and exercise are the most efficient. If the child's mood is below this horizontal line, it is necessary to understand the reasons, help and tease him to rise; If the child is too excited, get carried away, and can't control himself, he should also understand the reasons and pour some cold water to help him control his emotions and make him more rational and calm. When children make mistakes and disrupt the rules of life, they should be strict, criticized and corrected, because children who spoil and indulge themselves will never be happy and lively. Second, within the child's physical and mental tolerance, try to enrich his spiritual life, cultivate a wide range of interests, and form a central interest and specialty. With regard to enriching children's holiday life, this book has repeatedly mentioned its importance from different angles and put forward what life content to enrich, so I won't go into details here. However, how can we make children have a wide interest in knowledge, and naturally gradually form a central interest, and even show their hobbies and specialties? This requires guidance. Families often have the following guidance methods: 1. The model demonstration method takes children to watch the performances of famous artists or outstanding children of the same age, such as watching painters draw pictures, inventors make them, watching big sisters operate computers, watching big brothers do experiments, watching neighbors and uncles play Go, watching professional households raise turtles, and watching famous actors perform songs and dances. So that children can become interesting, fascinated, ask questions, participate in dialogues and so on. 2. Practice your child's initial interest personally, encourage him to do it, and drive him to practice, preferably with his peers. For example, everyone prepares a wonderful story and holds a story meeting; Establish a small laboratory with children and do small scientific experiments; Buy a small animal, make a nest for it and raise it to grow up; Buy flower seeds, flower pots, fertilizers or homemade fertilizers and cultivate them; Father and son learn chess, neighbors' children also participate, and so on. Interest is developed in the joy of practice. 3. performance performance method children have a strong desire to express what they are interested in doing or feel that they have made progress. Once this desire is satisfied, they can get great encouragement and happiness, and at the same time they are more interested in continuing to make progress. Therefore, what children have achieved through hard work must be performed, and what cannot be performed must be exhibited, which will greatly promote it. For example, arrange children's calligraphy and painting exercises at home, or neatly display children's handmade achievements; It is suggested that the school display the excellent works of primary school students several times a year, and regularly let the children perform music, dance, recitation, speech, magic and other programs. Neighborhood committees or street cultural rooms can also hold similar exhibitions and performances. In short, children should be given a place to show their achievements and be rewarded and praised, so that they will be happier and more versatile. 4. Interest class training method After children have a wide range of interests and a strong thirst for knowledge, due to their own quality differences, different influences of the environment and the invisible guiding role of education, they will gradually form some special hobbies, thus producing a "central interest". However, the central interest of primary school students is unstable, so we should not pursue stable interests and specialties prematurely, but should allow them to change frequently. When children are particularly interested in an activity for a period of time, they should be sent to corresponding holiday interest training classes, such as children's computer classes, game English classes, small invention training classes, nature summer camps, calligraphy classes, art classes, dance classes, Go classes, writing classes, intellectual games classes, martial arts classes, photography classes, fun math classes, piano classes, violin classes, electronic piano classes, accordion classes and so on. Try to take one class a year. If there is no such interest training class in the local area, you have to ask the tutor for individual guidance. However, the guiding ideology of parents must be clear. Let children participate in some "classes", not to cultivate "home" directionally, but to let children master the laws of some things and the laws of learning; Because "there is no gap between the lines", children will become smarter, more capable and happier. As for the professional direction of children's development, his future changes are still great, and his development space and prospects are still very broad. Parents should not rush for success, and should not be "short-sighted"! 5. Competition and publishing methods Children have some central interests and have achieved good results in some aspects. They should be encouraged to participate in this competition freely or publish their works in children's newspapers, which can improve their self-confidence and vitality. Parents should always collect this information, encourage their children to sign up or contribute, and participate in activities, actively prepare and consciously exercise themselves. For example, speech contest, fishing contest, calligraphy contest, small invention contest, essay contest, singing contest, computer contest, abacus contest, math contest, ball game, chess contest, piano contest, foreign language speech contest, environmental protection knowledge contest, etc. As long as the children are ready to participate, even if they don't get the quota, they will be encouraged and exercised, and they will never forget the ups and downs. Even if children have achieved considerable results in the competition and published their works, they should not be guided too early. According to the "Early Education Plan", Yu Miao children won more than 40 awards in the 13 national, provincial, municipal and district competitions throughout the primary school stage. But this is only to enrich the child's life, achieve all-round and full development, and lay a solid foundation for her to establish and realize her lofty ideals in the future. This child was later rated as one of the top 100 children in China. Zhu Ning, another boy in Wuhan, learned photography, developing and enlarging techniques at the age of four or five, and then published his photographs in newspapers, becoming a famous little photojournalist. The Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the Communist Youth League Committee and other units often ask him to participate in national and provincial youth summer camps and serve as a "reporter with the army". This not only exercised his ability, but also cultivated his serious and responsible spirit. After entering middle school, he became a "computer fan" again. Third, seriously cultivate children's interest in observing, asking questions and thinking, and form the habit of continuous discussion and exploration, so that he can get happiness and satisfaction from knowing the things around him and the world, and make his mind and heart more vivid. Every corner and moment of daily life can inspire children to ask questions and think at will. For example, when you talk about salty food at dinner, you can ask where the salt comes from, why there is salt in the sea and the water in the river is fresh water; You can also ask why iodized salt is advocated now, and what is the use of iodine for human body. When children understand this knowledge, understand a little truth in this respect, and satisfy their thirst for knowledge, happy emotions will arise spontaneously, and a happy mentality will be formed over time. This kind of problem exists everywhere in life. Finding it, thinking about it and answering it will bring endless fun to children. For example, which parts should be grasped first when folding clothes, and why the main person is called "leader"; Why do you often see sparks and crackles when you take off your clothes in winter nights? What clothes will produce this phenomenon? Is this the same as lightning in the sky? Wearing cotton-padded clothes makes people warm, but why are popsicles and ice cream wrapped in cotton wool instead of melting? Look at the process of cooking with live fish and ask why fish is streamlined, what is the use of fish scales, what are the uses of dorsal fins, caudal fins and lateral fins, what is the scientific name of bubbles in fish and what is their use; Discuss the names, origins, tastes and nutritional components of various foods while eating; When you see exquisite tableware, you can ask how porcelain is made, how it is different from pottery, and what imitation porcelain products are made of; When you see ivory chopsticks, you can talk about elephants and why you should protect wild animals. When walking in the wild, pull out a grass for fun and ask why it has roots, stems, leaves, flowers and seeds, how it grows, and why overseas travelers want to find "roots" in the mainland; Why can pigeons go home when they are released thousands of miles away? Why can ants March in long lines without getting lost? Why do butterflies fly and dragonflies flap their wings and slide? ...