How many thousand-year-old trees are there in Xishuangbanna?

Xishuangbanna is located in the frontier of Yunnan, China, which happens to be the northern boundary of tropical China, so it has both tropical and subtropical climate characteristics.

If the prosperity of ancient Egyptian civilization originated from the Nile, then the richness and beauty of Xishuangbanna came from the surging Lancang River. The virgin forests on both sides of the Lancang River did not have human footprints until the early liberation. This is one of the only two tropical rainforests in China, and it is also one of the regions with the richest biological species in China.

Cradle of animal and plant life

Among the plant species, there are more than 4,000 higher plants in Xishuangbanna alone. Among them, there are more than 200 species of edible plants, more than 300 species of medicinal plants, more than 0/00 species of oil plants, more than 0/00 species of precious timber trees and more than 50 species of bamboo. Almost 50% of the first-and second-class plants under state protection are distributed here. Xishuangbanna is one of the areas with the richest fauna in Chinese mainland. There are about 62 species of mammals distributed here; There are more than 400 species of birds, accounting for about one-third of the total number of birds in China, of which about 70 species are endemic to Yunnan; Nearly 100 species of fish; 32 species of amphibians. Among these rich animal resources, there are more than 250 rare animals. The wild elephants, bison, white-cheeked gibbon, lazy monkey, monitor lizard, hornbill and green peacock preserved here are all national first-and second-class key protected animals. The richness of species is superior to other areas in China, and it is called "the kingdom of animals and plants". At the same time, scientists also believe that it is the place where many species originated, so it has the reputation of "the cradle of animal and plant life".

The valley basin through which Lancang River flows concentrates the essence of Xishuangbanna's tropical rich resources. It extends along this clear blue river to the valley basin. Rice, bananas, lychees, mangoes, melons and other tropical fruits can be found everywhere. The unique bamboo house of the Dai nationality is hidden in the tall and straight betel nut trees, which is refreshing.

Xishuangbanna, like a green pearl, has preserved a good ecological environment and rich resources for human beings. Therefore, the state has long attached great importance to the protection of this precious natural heritage. Starting from 1958, Xishuangbanna established Xiaomengyang, Menglun, Mengla and Damenglong nature reserves for the purpose of protecting the tropical integrated ecosystem, and merged them into Xishuangbanna nature reserve after the adjustment of 198 1. This nature reserve not only has the horizontal zonal characteristics of tropics and subtropics, but also has its own unique geographical characteristics, forming a unique tropical ecosystem.

The adjusted Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve covers an area of 200,000 hectares, spanning Jinghong, Menghai and Mengla counties, and is divided into five districts to establish protection stations for management.

Tropical monsoon climate with alternating dry and wet climate

The southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean and the southeast monsoon from the Pacific Ocean bring a lot of warm and humid airflow, and the cold air from the north to the south is difficult to invade because of the blocking of mountains, forming a tropical monsoon climate with high temperature and high humidity in Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve. The average annual temperature here is 22℃, there is no frost all year round, and the average annual rainfall is more than 2000 mm. There is no obvious difference between spring, summer, autumn and winter, only the alternation of dry and wet seasons. May ~ 10 is the rainy season, and June 1 1 is the dry season, during which the temperature is slightly lower. In the past, when Xishuangbanna was still in its primitive state, every night around 1 1, the whole land was shrouded in misty fog until noon the next day 12. Fog appears as thick water droplets, just like falling light rain, so that water droplets keep falling from the leaves of plants. If you stand under a banana tree, you will clearly hear small water dripping on the big leaves of the banana tree. These rain and fog make up for the lack of water in the dry season, and they are concentrated at night, which is extremely beneficial to the growth of plants. Therefore, the four seasons are evergreen here, and crops have the advantages of fast growth and high yield. Plants get enough heat and water conditions and grow well, forming a lush tropical rain forest.

In recent ten years, due to the interference of many factors, the forests in Xishuangbanna have been seriously damaged. Damenglong Nature Reserve, established in 1950s, can no longer protect the ecological environment. The humidity in the whole Xishuangbanna area has decreased, and the forest area has shrunk, which has led to changes in the growth of tropical forests and crops, and the flow and circulation of matter and energy in the ecosystem. Therefore, it has become a top priority to strengthen the management of nature reserves, gradually restore a good ecological environment and protect the lush growth of tropical rainforests.

Wonders of tropical rain forest

The world's tropical rain forests are concentrated in the hot and rainy areas between the Tropic of Cancer and the south on both sides of the equator, while the tropical rain forests in China are located in the northern edge of the rain forests and developed in the tropical monsoon climate, so they are different from the equatorial rain forests in appearance, structure and species composition. Due to the distinct wet and dry seasons in Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, the leaf changing period of some upper trees is short and concentrated, but the whole forest still has the evergreen appearance and other characteristics of rainforest, which is called seasonal rainforest.

(1) (straight)-Plate-root tropical seasonal rain forest standing like a screen is the most important native vegetation type in Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve. Tall and straight tree species are extremely rich, with an average height of 30 ~ 35 meters, and a few trees above the dominant crown can reach 45 meters, which are uneven and overlap with each other, making it difficult to draw a clear line. Only from the different water ecological adaptability of tree species, it can be roughly divided into 4 ~ 5 layers, and the canopy density is above 90%. Usually, there are 65438+ higher plants in the community plot of 50×50 square meters. In general, the DBH of the leafy upper trees is more than 50 cm. The DBH of elemene, a representative seasonal rain forest tree, is 4m. Longan, Jatropha curcas, Guo Long, Ficus altissima, Erythrina acutissima, Rhus verniciflua, Fusang, Aralia elata, Euonymus Lushi, Euonymus japonicus, Solanum lyratum Thunb., Ficus macrophylla, Mume, Garcinia macrophylla, Prunus mume, Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae, Caulis Spatholobi and Peach are the main components of the forest. These trees have different crown sizes and DBH and heights, but most of them have a plate-like root structure that has never been seen in temperate forests. This is an interesting biological characteristic, that is, radial lateral roots grow at the base of the stem near the root. These lateral roots extend several meters away and are as flat as wooden boards. The wings of the board are several meters above the ground and stand upright like a screen, which has become a strange scenery in the tropical rain forest. Bangen is a unique ecological phenomenon in tropical rain forest. In order to support tall trees, some grow wing-shaped roots in all directions, among which four kinds of wood roots are the most developed, and the largest one is more than 1Om wide and 7-8m high. The gray trunks and roots are as magnificent as a large rocket to be launched.

(2) It is a normal life activity for plants to blossom and bear fruit with strange old stems. Especially when the golden season of summer and autumn comes, many fruits are covered with branches, a breeze blows, and sometimes mature fruits fall to the ground. These are natural phenomena that people have long been familiar with. However, in the tropical rain forest, some trees blossom and bear fruit, but they don't follow the routine that people are used to. Banyan, wood substitute fruit, pineapple and annona are such tree species. Their fruits are not planted on the new branches after the new buds are released, but on the old and stout trunk, and countless brightly colored and shiny fruits are densely attached to the stems. This is a strange and puzzling phenomenon for people who have just arrived in the rainforest. In botany, this abnormal scene is called "the old stem blooms and the old stem bears fruit", which is another unique feature of the tropical rainforest. Botanists have different opinions on the physiological mechanism of this strange phenomenon, but most of them think that it is the result of an ancient feature preserved in plant evolution. Flowers with old stems can be seen everywhere in the rainforest. The bare trunk is covered with clusters of orange burnt flowers, while the trunks of Prunus persica, Ficus fragrans, fake litchi, leisurely flowers and Cynanchum multiflorum are covered with clusters of fruits, which are green as jade and red as agate. The most magnificent is Yunnan paramita, whose trunk is covered with more than ten or even dozens of fruits, some of which weigh 15kg. When it matures, it will give off a unique fragrance, which is not found in other forest types.

The undergrowth vegetation in tropical seasonal rain forest is not obvious, but actually consists of young trees and some young trees updated from tall trees. Common tree species are Pterocarya stenoptera, Phoebe bournei, Pterocarya yunnanensis, Vernicia fordii, Liriodendron chinense, Pterocarya indica, Cornus officinalis, Erythrina, Ardisia henryi and thick shell.

The forest is humid and herbs are scarce. Only under the "skylight" formed in the gap between the tree crowns, Alocasia alopecuroides, Hiragi leaves, Spartina, Curculigo, Selaginella, Pteridium aquilinum and Aicao grow in the vacant land with weak sunshine.

(3) Epiphytes that can climb well In the tropical forest of Xishuangbanna, besides the tall trees with overlapping layers and staggered crowns, there are some very strange plants, such as vines without upright trunks; Or climb all kinds of trees and complete your life history without relying on nutrients in the soil. They can not only climb the crown of tall trees, but also live on trunks, branches and even leaves, so there is a strange sight of trees and grass growing on leaves. It is difficult to classify them into any level in the forest, so these plants are called "interlayer plants" or "extra-layer plants".

"Sandwich plants" have a variety of life forms, some are herbs, some are shrubs, some grow into trees through survival competition, and some are mosses and lichens that people pay little attention to. Most of their lifestyles are "epiphytic" and "parasitic".

Various interlayer plants occupy different positions in the forest. Huge and stout woody vines spread from all directions, intertwining or extending to trees. Some lianas often hang from the branches of other trees or climb to the top of the crown. Their stems are 20 ~ 30 cm thick, twisted into ropes or twisted into ropes, and they climb skillfully in the forest. It is difficult for people to trace their roots with lianas, so it is limited to further understanding and studying their ecological and biological characteristics, and some of them are even difficult to determine which kind of plants they belong to. The common woody vines here are juniper vine, tamarisk, snake vine, climbing vine, elephant feather vine and provincial vine.

There are also two special large woody vines, namely, Celastrus angulatus with leaves as long as 10 ~ 25 cm and unicorn leaves with pinnate giant leaves. The roots of these two lianas do not penetrate into the soil, but attach to the trunks of other trees. When the new seedlings grow, they climb to the crown with the help of the trunk to get sunlight and carry out photosynthesis. This is the way of life of epiphytes. There are many kinds of small epiphytes in the forests of Xishuangbanna, especially orchids and ferns. Ferns, pine ferns, Dendrobium, and upside-down pots are wonderfully born on the branches, forks, and branches of big trees. All kinds of branches and flowers grow around the trees and hang high in the air, forming a unique hanging garden in the tropical rain forest. The smallest epiphytes are mostly mosses and lichens, which are born on the leaves under the forest and are often ignored by people.

Parasitic plants, such as epiphytes, occupy the same space in tropical rain forests. They don't grow in soil, but in other trees, which is very harmful to host plants. Once the root is attached to the trunk, it will go deep into the trunk of the host plant and absorb the nutrients of the host plant mercilessly. Finally, the host plant will wither and die due to lack of nutrition. Parasitic plants will also lose their life support with the death of host plants.

(4) Stranded Plants There is also a very special large plant in the rainforest, most of which are Ficus plants of Moraceae or Araliaceae trees. This kind of plant often starts from attaching to other trees, and finally crushes the attached plants to death, but it thrives and develops into a big tree. They have the characteristics of epiphytes, but they are not exactly like epiphytes. They can destroy epiphytes to death, but they don't make a living by absorbing nutrients from epiphytes. They can also carry out photosynthesis and make their own nutrients, so they are vividly called "strangling plants". There is a life-and-death struggle between the strangled plant and the attached plant. When the strangled plant is attached to the trunk of the attached plant, many adventitious roots hang from the high branches of the tree, so it is called aerial rooting. With the passage of time, aerial roots continue to extend downward into the soil and gradually become thicker. Numerous air roots interweave with each other, forming a net-like coat, tightly wrapping the trunk of attached plants, forming a strong oppression, gradually inhibiting and destroying the transportation organization of attached plants to transport nutrients and water. Strangled plants climb to the top of attached plants to compete for sunlight, and their roots go deep into the soil to compete for water and nutrients. Finally, the attached plants died due to lack of necessary nutrients, and the strangled plants grew into a street tree.

In tropical forests, people admire the straight trunk and lush green leaves of the big banyan tree, but people don't quite understand the mystery of its handsome growth. Banyan is a big family, and some banyan trees are aggressive, so people call them "strangulation plants". Ficus altissima is the fiercest species. It relies on birds to eat its fruit and excrete the stone on other trunks. Then, these seeds germinate and grow many air roots, which bind the trees on which it lives, seize its sunshine and rain, absorb its nutrients, stifle its vitality, and gradually wither and die. When some banyan trees grow up, their crown branches spread rapidly in all directions, constantly growing attached roots and air roots, forming a strange landscape surrounded by dozens of "sub-trees", which is called "single tree into forest". There is a banyan tree in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, with its mother tree DBH of 2. 15m, supporting root 105 and DBH greater than 50cm. Now he is the banyan king in Yunnan.

Sandwich plants with different lifestyles have become the symbolic features of tropical rain forests.

(5) There are still some "single-tree" tree species that adapt to the humid habitat of tropical seasonal rain forest for a long time, and the tip of the tree forms a long-tailed dripping tip, which is a unique leaf shape of Ficus altissima, which is very beautiful; Ficus altissima has a huge crown and thick stems. It not only has thick roots, but also often produces many air roots from branches. These air roots are embedded in the soil, forming trunk-like pillars and forming a landscape of "single tree into forest", so Dai people often plant it near the village as a cool place. They love the vigorous vitality and beautiful evergreen shape of Ficus altissima, so they call it "Daqing Tree" and take it as a symbol of good luck.

In the tropical seasonal rain forest of nature reserve, there is a unique forest of looking up to the sky, which is concentrated in the clam-repairing area of Mengla County. Wangtianshu occupies the upper layer of the community with a height of more than 50 meters. It is a rare tree species and has become an important protected object in nature reserves.

Forest on the rocks

The ups and downs of mountains are the most important feature of the topography of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, and it is the complex and diverse topographic changes in the mountains that provide conditions for the growth and development of various plants. In Mengla County, a nature reserve, there is a special limestone mountain, which is developed on the Permian limestone matrix. Limestone is rich in rain leaching and river erosion in tropical areas, forming various karst landforms, which are extremely beautiful. It has not only karst caves similar to Guilin's landscape, but also "Little Stone Forest" similar to Yunnan Stone Forest. What is even more peculiar is that there is a lush tropical forest on the mountain composed of these rocks, which is called the monsoon forest of Lime Mountain.

Limestone is more than soil, and water is not easy to store. It takes a lot of labor to grow a lush forest on it, even if it is planted artificially. So how do natural forests get water and nutrients from scarce soil? It turns out that the forest on limestone mountain has strong adaptability to this special habitat of limestone after long-term natural selection. The roots of many trees are extremely developed, and they extend into the soil in the crevices of rocks to absorb nutrients and water. However, many limestone mountains cover more than 80% of the rocks, so it is difficult for the roots to penetrate into the soil, so dense reticular roots are formed from all directions and fixed on the rock surface to surround the rock. There are also some plants that grow along the rock wall like roots in tropical seasonal rainforests. When there are gaps in the soil between rocks, they will squeeze in to form a solid root system and make full use of the water and nutrients in the soil. In order to preserve hard-won moisture and maintain the growth and development of trees, the leaves of monsoon forest tree species in Lime Mountain are often hard and leathery, and smooth to the touch. Some leaves are covered with a layer of wax, which can reflect sunlight and reduce water transpiration.

The monsoon forest of Lime Mountain has a special substrate, so the composition of tree species also has the characteristics of adapting to this substrate condition, which is obviously different from tropical seasonal rain forest. There is a very common tree called Dragon Blood Tree. The name of this tree is very special. This is a kind of tree belonging to Liliaceae. Although its height is only 10 meters, its trunk is very thick, often reaching 1 meter. This kind of tree not only has long banded leaves, forming a beautiful tree shape, which can be chosen as an ornamental tree species, but also is a precious medicinal value. After the trunk of Dracaena Dracaena is injured, a resin will flow out to dye the injured part purple. Maybe this purple color is the origin of this strange tree name. This part of the dead wood dyed red by resin is the precious Chinese medicine "Dragon's Blood". Now, nature reserves have strengthened the protection of Dracaena resources.

Euphorbia glabra, an evergreen tree, is the dominant characteristic plant in the monsoon forest of Lime Mountain, and has become the main tree species occupying the upper layer in the forest. There are more deciduous trees in the upper layer, which is another feature that distinguishes the monsoon forest of Lime Mountain from the tropical seasonal rain forest. For example, when the dry season comes, some leaves of some trees, such as Cinnamomum camphora, Kalumu, Nine-layer bark, Elm, Phyllostachys pubescens, and Semimaple lotus, fall off, revealing gray trunks, which are extremely dazzling, forming the special community appearance of monsoon forest in Lime Mountain. This living habit is formed to adapt to the dry characteristics of lime mountain.

Palmae plants have many beautiful tree types, symbolizing tropical scenery, which are often seen in Xishuangbanna tropical rain forest and monsoon forest, giving people a special sense of landscape. Solanum lyratum Thunb, a representative palm plant in the monsoon forest of Lime Mountain, is loved by people because of its special leaves. At the top of the 20-meter-high trunk, there are many huge pinnate leaves. The top lobe of each leaf is fan-shaped, and the lobes on both sides are diamond-shaped with irregular notches, which looks like fishtail, hence the name fishtail. This kind of tree is a treasure, its stem is rich in starch, sapwood is a good raw material for walking sticks, chopsticks and handicrafts, and its roots can be used as medicine to strengthen bones and muscles. Planting it in the yard is another beautiful ornamental tree.

Treasure house of tropical biological resources

There are many types of tropical forests in Xishuangbanna, and it is difficult to list them here. Now people know that many of them play an important role in human life. Especially in the beautiful forests of Xishuangbanna, medicinal plants are more abundant. No wonder some people describe that sitting anywhere in Xishuangbanna will overwhelm the three herbs. Wild species of precious southern medicines such as coca, benzoin, catnip, patchouli, sandalwood, ipecac, catechu and cinnamon can be found here, and many diseases that are difficult to treat are gradually finding their source from tropical wild plants. For example, jiangyaling for treating hypertension has long been prepared with imported Ophiopogon japonicus. Because its close relative Rauvolfia yunnanensis was found in Xishuangbanna, its curative effect was no less than that of Ophiopogon japonicus, thus ending the history of importing Ophiopogon japonicus. The main ingredients of Yunnan Baiyao entering the international market-seven leaves and one flower and maple seeds for treating leprosy, are also common in tropical forests in Xishuangbanna. In addition, the newly discovered Maytenus in recent years can extract anticancer drugs.

Some plant seeds contain edible oil or are used as industrial oil. There are more than 0/0 species of common plants/kloc-,such as oil melon (pomace), oil fruit, mountain-(Mushan), chestnut, ponkan, Phoebe bournei and so on. It is worth mentioning that the kernel oil content of Cucurbitaceae is as high as 7 1.9 ~ 77%, which is a delicious edible oil and has been domesticated and cultivated at present. Citronella Gramineae has obvious lemon fragrance, which can be refined into raw materials for cosmetics industry and has been widely cultivated. Various Lauraceae plants are also raw materials of aromatic oil. Sisal, banana and hemp are all good fiber plants. There are many excellent timber trees, tannin plants, starch plants and so on.

Abundant plants and dense forests provide habitats and favorable conditions for the reproduction of many tropical animals. All kinds of birds are the most abundant in the forest, and the original chicken with bright feathers is the ancestor of domestic chickens now, and it is also a rare bird with delicious taste; Birds such as Green South Dove, Gray-headed South Dove, Thrushcross, Gray Parrot, Red-breasted Woodpecker and Acacia Tremella are frequent visitors to tropical forests. The most precious bird is the horned hornbill, which is relatively large, with a total length of about 1 meter. During the incubation period, females have very special living habits. The male bird seals the female bird in the hollow trunk with mud, leaving a small hole for the female bird to feed until the chicks hatch, which may be a way to preserve the survival and competition of the race. Green peacocks and blue-winged thrushes under the forest are precious birds in the nature reserve. Wild elephants (Asian elephants), bison, water deer, Bengal tigers, civets, and many monkeys, such as lazy monkeys, bear monkeys and macaques, are rare animals in China. In particular, the white-cheeked gibbon is a relatively evolved species among primates and is listed as a national first-class protected animal. There are also some rodents and reptiles, such as flying lizards, monitor lizards and pythons.

All animals form a harmonious ecosystem with their living environment, and its species richness and complex structure are beyond the reach of all kinds of ecosystems. Therefore, it is of great significance for scientific research and economic construction to establish nature reserves in tropical areas with the main purpose of protecting ecosystems.

Since the establishment of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, relevant units have conducted many scientific investigations. At the same time, wild plants have been domesticated and propagated, and many wild plants with high economic value have been directly used in people's lives and various economic constructions.

A Giant Tree in the Tropical Rainforest-Wangtianshu

As we all know, tropical forest is the region with the richest species, but countless exotic plants in this treasure land are not familiar to everyone. Among them, the discovery of Wangtianshu in Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve in Yunnan and Qingtian (Shan Nong)-Gang Nature Reserve in Guangxi caused a botanical sensation. It is generally believed that this is a great discovery, and scientists have great interest in it.

Wangtianshu is a unique plant of Dipterocarpaceae in China, which was newly discovered by Chinese scientists in the 1970s. The towering trunk makes it impossible to look up at its top in the closed tropical forest, and the sensitive altimeter is useless at this time. By cutting down trees and analyzing the trunk, it is found that it is a fast-growing tree species, and the height of 70-year-old Wang Tianshu can reach more than 50 meters. These rare giant trees in the world stand on the upper floor of the valley rainforest, more than 20 meters higher than the second floor, which really has the potential to pierce the sky, which is why people call it Wangtianshu.

Cephalotaxus fortunei can form an independent community type in the valley rain forest and mountain rain forest at an altitude of 700 ~ 1 000 meters in the nature reserve. The appearance and structural features of the rainforest can be found here. The composition of tree species is extremely rich, and 56 kinds of trees can be registered in the 20-meter-by-20-meter plot. The second layer of trees is dominated by symbolic species of seasonal rain forest, such as elemene, longan, onion rotten wood, Yunnan nutmeg and so on.

Wangtianshu has strong regeneration ability, with 9000 ~ 34000 young trees per hectare and high productivity. The trunk volume of a tree is up to 10.5 cubic meter, and its material performance is good, so it is an excellent tree species worthy of popularization and planting.

Wangtianshu is regarded as the symbol tree species of tropical rain forest by the scientific community, so its discovery undoubtedly adds new scientific basis to the nature of tropical rain forest in China, thus improving its scientific value.

In view of its economic and scientific value, and its distribution area is very limited, it has been listed as a rare plant under national key protection. At the same time, artificial cultivation should be tried out in nature reserves to expand this precious germplasm resource.

There is another giant tree of Dipterocarpaceae-Qingtianshu, which is a new species discovered in recent years. So far, only Guangxi (Shan Nong)-Gang Nature Reserve has giant trees distributed naturally. This kind of big tree is closely related to the tree looking up to heaven. They are not only plants of the same genus, but also giant trees are a variety of the tree looking up to heaven, so they are very similar in appearance and also have tall and straight trunks. The height of trees is often 60 ~ 65 meters, and the height of branches is more than 30 meters. Hard material, strong corrosion resistance, smooth plane and beautiful texture. It is another excellent timber tree in the tropics.

Giant trees and giant trees have the same value in scientific research and economy. They are like a pair of "twin brothers", thriving in nature reserves.

Plant kingdom

There are many kinds of plants in Xishuangbanna, which is amazing! Although both of them live in nature reserves, and the area is much smaller than that of the southwest forest area or Xiaoxing 'anling forest area, botanists have measured a forest area of 50 meters square, where there are more than 30 kinds of plants/kloc-0 on the small forest land, while in the Korean pine forest in Xiaoxing 'anling in the northeast, there are only 40 kinds of the same big forest land and various plants. The total area of Xishuangbanna is 1/500, and there are nearly 5,000 species of higher plants, accounting for 1/6 of more than 30,000 species of higher plants in China. This is really a veritable "plant kingdom". And many wonderful scenery shaped by plants themselves are even more amazing.

For example, the unique trees created by the wonders of ancient banyan trees are forests, elephant trees are cultivated by Meng, four-headed trees of King Ben, and arrow poison trees of King Lin Poison. This kind of poison dart wood is one of the most toxic trees in nature, and it is called "buried widely" by Dai Jia. If you put tree juice on an arrow, the beast will be killed, so it is also called "blood sealing the throat". There are also bleeding dragon blood trees, water storage vines, rainy rain trees, mysterious fruits that have changed their taste, Wang Lian, an aquatic plant with leaves as long as 2 meters, and the "Botanical Garden on Trees" where epiphytes bloom dozens or hundreds of flowers on trees or oil palm trees. It's really unheard of and unprecedented.

hanging garden

Known by local people as the "Hanging Garden", the "Botanical Garden on the Tree" is a great wonder of subtropical flowers. In the tropical rain forest, there are both towering trees and slender grass. Dendrobium and fern of Orchidaceae occupy the best ecological position on the trunk and breed every year. At the turn of spring and summer, Dendrobium fringed, Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium hook, Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium gracile, Dendrobium nobile and so on. There are also many kinds of Bulbophylla, vanilla flowers, including red, yellow, blue and white flowers. Book belt, fern, bird's nest fern, antlers fern, mistletoe fern and cliff fern shake out clusters of green silk, and semi-epiphytic unicorn leaves, lion's tail and ponkan climb up the trunk from the ground, exquisitely epiphytic and semi-epiphytic, forming a gorgeous "hanging garden" together.

In the tropical rain forest, there are many kinds of epiphytes, often dozens or hundreds of epiphytes attach to ancient trees, which are covered by dense branches and leaves. People can only see their beauty from the high trees looking up at the sky. These plants are as beautiful as gardens on the ground, with colorful dried flowers. Among them, hanging basket flowers are the most attractive, beautiful and fragrant. Because it prefers shade to sun, its tiny and delicate roots don't need much soil, so it breeds in wet rainforests and other trees. This "garden" does not need artificial cultivation, but is a natural, exquisite and unique combination. For example, Dendrobium nobile, Wanda orchid with columnar leaves, Hutoulan, Fritillaria fringed, Dendrobium nobile, Xiantao with dense flowers and so on. When they are open, they are all colorful. Beautiful flowers, strings, clusters, hanging between their connected branches. Even if the old tree dies, it is still full of flowers and leaves.

The dense canopy of the rainforest often has a small "skylight" to form a warmer habitat, where wild plantains, wild taro, sea taro and winter leaves all live. Their leaves are extremely large, some of which are as long as1-2m and as wide as1-2m.

Some small herbs at the bottom of the rainforest. They like high temperature, high humidity and weak light. They can reflect low-heat blue-violet light and absorb high-heat long-wave light, which becomes a unique ecological adaptation. For example, some mosaic plants of Begonia, Urticaceae and Apocynaceae have different colors under different light and different angles.