Is there a relationship between the F value in photography and the F value in physical optics?

This is relevant. The aperture number of photography is represented by f (capital). The definition of aperture number is the reciprocal of d/f (that is, f/D). D/f is called "relative aperture of objective lens". D refers to the entrance pupil diameter. You can also simply understand it as the lens diameter (the same is true for cameras), and f refers to the focal length of the lens.

By definition, when F is constant (a good camera can focus, and the focal length can be selected according to the shooting distance, and the focal length F of a clear image will be determined if the distance is constant), the larger the D, the smaller the aperture number, so the larger the aperture number, the smaller the light input!

For example, in snow or seaside, the sunlight is strongly reflected, and the aperture number is 1 1. On a sunny day, the general aperture number is 8. On cloudy days, choose 5. I use an approximate integer here, and the aperture of the camera is a root ratio, which is generally marked with decimals!