What kind of bug is this?

Cantonese people call it mosquito salamander.

Introduction to insects

Simuliidae; Blackfly

Also known as buffalo gnat or turkey gnat.

Simuliidae (Diptera).

Adult flies are small and black, commonly known as "blackfly". Because of hunchback, it is also called "back digging". There are more than 270 species of 1270 known in the world, mainly distributed in north temperate and subarctic regions, and there are more than one species of 100 in China. The tentacles are thick enough, the mouthparts are short, suitable for blood sucking, and the wings are as thin as gauze. Female gnats bite and suck blood, causing harassment, and some species spread onchocerciasis. Sometimes the number of chickens, birds and other livestock and poultry may die. Some can spread onchocerciasis, leading to blindness or subcutaneous nodules. Larvae and pupae live in running water. During eclosion, the pupa shell emerges and flies away with the bubbles rising to the water surface.

Adults are about 2 ~ 5 mm long, with large wings and short feet. The compound eyes of female Polygonum hydropiper are separated, and the compound eyes of male Polygonum hydropiper are almost connected. Oral puncture sucking type. The middle chest is developed, and the back bulges like a hunchback.

The development process is complete metamorphosis, which is divided into four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Eggs, larvae and pupae develop in water, while adults live in air. It takes 3 ~ 5 weeks and 5 ~ 6 months to complete the life history, which mainly depends on the water temperature. Eggs are laid on aquatic plants, fallen leaves, branches or stones in clean running water, piled up or arranged in scales. Each female lays eggs on average 150 ~ 500, with a maximum of 800. Larvae adhere to the habitat by means of filaments secreted by salivary glands to avoid being washed away by rapids. They feed on microorganisms in the water, molt many times, and then cocoon and pupate. The newly emerged adults live in the grass and bushes near the breeding ground. Soon, females began to suck blood, mainly from domestic animals, but also from humans and other mammals and birds. Its mouthparts are not suitable for deep needling, so it will also absorb tissue fluid in the process of blood sucking. The egg in the ovary matures after sucking blood. Usually it sucks blood during the day, and there are two stinging peaks around sunrise and sunset. Most kinds of female adults also suck plant juice, while males only suck plant juice. The number of generations of Polygonum hydropiper varies with species and water temperature, ranging from one or two generations to five or six generations. Overwintering as eggs or larvae under water or ice. After being bitten by gnats 1 min, people begin to feel pain, local redness, itching, and even inflammation and ulceration. In severe cases, anaphylactic shock may occur. In Latin America and Africa, some blackflies, such as black blackflies, crab blackflies, yellow blackflies and golden blackflies, can spread onchocerciasis. Brazil Amazon blackfly spreads filariasis Euclid.

Strengthening personal protection, such as applying repellent drugs such as deet, can prevent blackflies from biting. Spraying dichlorvos and Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H- 14 on streams, springs or grass trees can kill the larvae and adults of Polygonum hydropiper. In West Africa and Canada, the research on killing blackfly larvae by nematodes and microsporidia has achieved initial results.

In spring, Cnephia pecuarum breeds along the Mississippi River, causing serious damage to livestock. According to records, horses and mules may be suffocated by mosquito bites or by a large group of mosquitoes blocking their nostrils. Southern blackflies also appear in spring, biting the crown and drooping meat of birds. Insect repellent is usually used to prevent and treat blackfly.

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