What are the ways to improve children's geography learning ability?

To learn geography, we must first form a correct geographical representation in our minds. Geographical representation is the representation of geographical position, topography (such as mountains and rivers) and even maps in the human mind. The correct formation of these representations is the basis of understanding geographical knowledge.

According to the source of representatives, geographical representatives can be divided into two categories. One kind is landform representation, that is, the representation formed by directly observing the actual appearance of local areas, such as the images of mountains and rivers seen by human eyes. This representation reflects less space. The other is the map representation, which is formed by observing the map. A map is a graph representing the relationship between geography and space. It covers a large area, far beyond the scope of vision. Therefore, the map representation reflects more space. When we study geography, we can't go on field trips everywhere, mainly through map appearances.

Therefore, if you want to learn geography well, you must master Zuo Shu's method of drawing the right picture, that is, while reading a book, you should look at the picture and move the contents expressed in language in the book to the picture. Only by forming habits in this way can we establish a correct geographical representation and master geographical knowledge.

This paper introduces the reading method in detail, and what we should pay attention to here is the learning and application of the map. It should be noted that the map is not only an essential tool to learn geography well, but also a "special geography textbook". The graphic language of maps is international. The forms, characteristics and spatial distribution of various geographical things should be displayed by maps. Without it, it is difficult to grasp the spatial distribution of geographical things and their interrelationships, and it is impossible to form a correct spatial concept and acquire real geographical knowledge. Therefore, it is the key to learn geography well to make full use of maps and seriously exercise the ability to read and use maps. To learn to read and use maps, we must first learn the basic knowledge and concepts of maps, including understanding the direction, scale, contour lines and topographic maps on maps, as well as the basic knowledge of legends and notes. If these basic concepts are not clear and can't be used, it is impossible to read pictures correctly. For example, if you don't know the nature of the longitude and latitude lines, you can't use the longitude and latitude network to determine the direction; If you don't understand the various representations and meanings of scale, you won't use scale to measure the distance on the map. Similarly, if you don't understand the meaning and representation of contour lines, you can't judge the ups and downs of the surface with contour topographic maps. After mastering map knowledge, you should consciously practice it repeatedly and turn it into your own ability as a tool to help you continue learning. Commonly used maps include: wall charts, atlas, illustrations of teaching materials, and filled maps. Use it together when studying. For example, on the layered color topographic map, the surface is undulating and brightly colored, but it is not easy to see the distribution and trend of mountains; However, in the schematic diagram of the distribution of mountains and rivers in textbooks, the trend of mountains is very distinct and prominent. If the two are used in combination, they can complement each other. It should be noted that the annotations of atlas and illustrations are different, so we should carefully check the annotations and use them in contrast.

Similarity comparison method

Comparative method is the most effective way to remember geographical knowledge.

Formally speaking, the comparison methods in geography learning include list comparison method, single comprehensive comparison method or map comparison method. From the content point of view, there are the following methods. One is analogy, that is, comparing the same attributes of similar geographical phenomena or different geographical phenomena. The second is the vertical comparison method, that is, comparing the different conditions of the same geographical object in different historical stages. Third, the horizontal comparison method, that is, comparing geography with similar development stages; Fourth, comparison method, that is, comparing the opposing geographical phenomena with the physical characteristics of geographical areas, so that their respective characteristics can be clearly and powerfully displayed. Fifth, the contact comparison method is a comparative method to reveal the internal and mutual relations of geography.

Through this multi-angle comparison, we can deeply understand various phenomena from outside to inside, from here to there, form exact concepts, and form a series of complex geographical contents, so as to strengthen memory, enhance learning motivation and cultivate interest and motivation is the premise of learning knowledge well and forming ability. When beginners learn geography, they often feel bored and abstract about physical geography and regional geography. This is due to the lack of perceptual knowledge and the lack of profound understanding of the significance of learning geography. How to cultivate interest and increase learning motivation? This requires a deeper understanding of the meaning of geography. Especially the significance of learning geography as a modern person. Since the rapid development of modern industry, a large number of underground resources have been developed and utilized. With the burning of coal, oil and natural gas as power resources, waste gas, waste water and waste residue are discharged endlessly, causing environmental pollution and threatening human survival. At the same time, the use of non-renewable resources is getting less and less, and there is a danger of a shortage of some resources. The population on the earth is growing faster and faster. In many underdeveloped countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, the speed of population growth does not match the speed of economic development, thus a worldwide population problem has emerged. Therefore, the problems of resources, population and environment have become a common concern of mankind all over the world. How to coordinate the relationship between human beings and the environment has become the central topic of modern geography research. Now our country is carrying out the four modernizations, and these problems are increasingly prominent. How to make our future generations have a scientific view of resources, population and values? From the basic consideration of human ecosystem, economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits should be considered together when building. It is a new historical mission given to geography by the times not to kill the goose that lays the golden egg, not to destroy the homeland and not to endanger future generations. If we can understand the significance of learning geography from this height, we will be interested in geography learning.

In order to improve the interest in learning, it is necessary to link with reality and gradually cultivate interest in the logical system of geography itself. Geography course has the characteristics of communication of arts and sciences and combination of man and land. It is comprehensive, regional, systematic and epochal, and people, land and things are closely related. Therefore, connecting with the local reality at that time is the easiest way to arouse the interest in learning. For example, in the section of "countryside, pastoral areas and cities", we not only talked about the living conditions of rural people, how to plant different crops and adopt different farming systems according to local conditions in the north and south, but also talked about the living customs and habits of people suitable for the geographical environment in the north and south: the building materials of rural houses in the north used to be made from local materials, with adobe as the wall and heatable adobe in the house. You can make a fire to keep warm. The south is dominated by stone, bamboo and brick, and the roof slope is large, which is convenient for drainage. The staple food of northerners is mostly pasta, and they have the habit of eating jiaozi on holidays. After it snows in winter, making snowmen and having snowball fights are the most interesting games for children. The staple food of southerners is mostly rice, and children who grow up in rivers and lakes love swimming. Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional entertainment and sports event in southern water towns. It is very interesting to think about these connections and combine physical geography with human geography. Psychological research shows that; In a relaxed and happy situation. Remember more and understand more. The learning process should not be accompanied by any form of tension. This is especially important when studying geography.