Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography and portraiture - How much do you know about agricultural and fishery by-products in Zhuhai? Any suggestions for its development?
How much do you know about agricultural and fishery by-products in Zhuhai? Any suggestions for its development?
Keywords: urban agriculture development ideas
Urban agriculture is a new form of agricultural production and management, which combines agriculture with tourism, utilizes rural landscape, natural ecology and environmental resources in urbanized areas, and combines agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production, agricultural management activities, rural culture and farm life. It is a new form of agricultural production and management that provides people with leisure travel, experiences agriculture and understands rural areas, and is one of the important components of modern agriculture.
The English meaning of urban rural agriculture refers to farmland management in urban areas. In some developed countries, metropolises will deliberately reserve some arable land for urban people to cultivate, which is the original meaning of urban agriculture. Later, due to the constant change of social structure, the connotation of urban agriculture has been expanding, and it has developed into new agricultural industrial forms such as biological agriculture, leisure agriculture, ornamental agriculture, ecological agriculture, facility agriculture and factory farming, which fully embodies the development and characteristics of urban agriculture.
Urban agriculture first appeared in the United States in the 1960s, and then quickly spread and promoted to other countries and regions. Urban agriculture appeared in our province in the late 1980s. First, sightseeing orchards appeared in the suburbs of Guangzhou, and later more appeared in other cities. Yuntai Garden in Guangzhou, Green World in Dongguan, Qingqing World in Shenzhen, Ecological Park in Shunde, Baiteng Lake Farmer Resort in our city and agricultural wonders are all typical representatives of urban agriculture in our province.
1 the significance of developing urban agriculture;
1. 1 Rational development, utilization and protection of rural natural and cultural resources. Urban agriculture not only provides activities such as picking, selling, viewing, fishing and amusement, but also allows tourists to personally participate in and experience some labor processes. Rich cultural resources such as rural cultural relics, folk customs and historical sites are worth visiting. Through entertaining, participants can cherish rural natural and cultural resources more, stimulate people's interest in labor, life and nature, and further enhance people's protection of nature, cultural heritage and environment.
1.2 Increase rural employment opportunities. Urban agriculture expands agriculture from a single industry to the tertiary industry, expands the business scope and service field of agriculture, and provides more employment opportunities for rural surplus labor.
1.3 Promote rural social development and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. Urban agriculture can increase exchanges and communication between farmers and urban residents; At the same time, promote the development of rural economy and the improvement of rural appearance, improve farmers' quality and quality of life, narrow urban differences, and promote the progress of rural society and the prosperity and development of urban and rural areas.
1.4 provides new activities for people and is beneficial to people's physical and mental health. With the concentration of urban population, economic development and the continuous improvement of urbanization level, people living in cities are gradually surrounded by "cement jungle", "asphalt desert", "three wastes" and noise pollution, and "urban syndrome" follows. Urban agriculture integrates agricultural labor, agricultural product production and leisure vacation, which increases people's rich and varied activities, provides people with new activity space and is beneficial to people's physical and mental health.
1.5 expand the scope and scale of agricultural operations, reduce the transportation and marketing links of agricultural products, and increase farmers' income. Developing urban agriculture and selling agricultural products directly to consumers have solved the problem of multi-level transportation and marketing of some agricultural products, avoided the intermediate profits of transportation and marketing merchants, and invisibly increased farmers' income; At the same time, farmers can also get reasonable remuneration from providing leisure services and increase their income.
1.6 get rid of the dilemma of agricultural development and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Agriculture in our city is facing many difficulties and problems, such as the small proportion of GDP, the great employment pressure of rural surplus labor, and the low income of some rural farmers in remote mountainous areas. Urban agriculture has expanded the development field and scope of agriculture, increased the development space of agriculture, and also improved the economic status of agriculture, which can reduce the pollution of agriculture to the environment and help improve the economic status of agriculture in our city.
2 favorable conditions for Zhuhai to develop urban agriculture.
2. 1 citizens have the ability to pay. According to experts' analysis, when the per capita annual income is 500-800 dollars, people go out for sightseeing in generate, which has an unstoppable explosive force. 1997 The average annual salary of employees in our city is 12793 yuan (equivalent to 1505.05 USD), and surrounding cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Shunde, Panyu and Nanhai have also entered the ranks of well-off society, which has already exceeded the above standards. According to the survey of the Municipal Tourism Bureau, 29.44% of people are willing to pay for a one-day trip 100 yuan, 43.5 1% are willing to pay 100-200 yuan,14.1%are willing to pay.
2.2 Convenient land, sea and air transportation. The sea, land and air conditions in Zhuhai are relatively good. With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the number of family cars has increased dramatically. The annual growth rate of car ownership in Zhuhai is 18.5%, reaching more than 20% in recent two years. The increase in cars is mainly family cars. More and more family cars and public transportation extending in all directions provide convenience for people to come to Zhuhai for leisure and sightseeing in urban agriculture.
2.3 geographical advantages. The target market of urban agriculture is in the city. The Pearl River Delta has an urban population of nearly 30 million. Hong Kong and Macao have a population of nearly 8 million, which is a huge market. With the social and economic development of the Pearl River Delta and the improvement of people's living standards, this potential market will gradually become a reality. Zhuhai is connected with Hong Kong by waterway and Macao by land, and is located in the center of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration. Rich in light and hot water resources, most of the land is suitable for cultivation, the prospect of reclamation is broad, the shallow sea aquatic products are abundant, and the deep processing and marketing of agricultural products are smooth, which is especially suitable for developing urban agriculture.
2.4 urban agriculture budding. Zhuhai's urban agriculture has entered the embryonic stage and developed rapidly. The Baiteng Lake Farmer Resort in Doumen has long been famous, and the "agricultural wonder" of the Municipal Agricultural Science Center has also been internationally renowned. Xiaolin Town and Sanzao Eco-agricultural Sightseeing Park in the western area have begun to take shape, and large-scale fishing and entertainment places of the Municipal Fishery and Animal Husbandry Company have begun to appear. The "Litchi Festival" under the door has gradually become a tourist hotspot, and the floral company in Wan Chai is planning ... All these show that the urban agriculture in our city has just started and is in the ascendant.
2.5 in line with the overall urban planning. Judging from the overall urban development planning, there is a certain amount of urban agricultural land, which is in line with the overall urban planning of Zhuhai. Urban agricultural land, or sugarcane forests, or flower gardens, or vegetable fields, or fish ponds, or orchards, can be left between the development plates of urban clusters, which is also suitable for Zhuhai to become an excellent tourist city in China, which can also be reflected from the successful precedents of the soilless culture tourism base of Zhuhai Agricultural Science Research Center and Baitenghu Farm Resort.
In addition, the rural folk customs of our city are simple, the land and sea scenery in the south subtropical zone is beautiful, and the unified land planning and management in the special zone are all good conditions for developing urban agriculture.
3 Types and practices of developing urban agriculture in rural areas of Zhuhai
Urban agriculture in our province is gradually developed with the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards. Especially in the Pearl River Delta region, giving full play to the geographical advantages, taking the tourism market demand as the guide, giving full play to the advantages of local resources, integrating agricultural construction, scientific research management, product processing and tourists' hands-on, some sightseeing and leisure agricultural spots have been developed, attracting many urban residents and tourists from Hong Kong and Macao, and achieving obvious economic, social and environmental benefits.
At present, the developed urban agricultural projects can be roughly divided into three categories and eight types according to the different economic models. First, public welfare projects, such as landscape green space and ecological forest, need government investment; Second, projects run by citizens independently, such as citizen agricultural parks, are mostly managed by tenants themselves in accordance with relevant articles of association, belonging to the "public-assisted private type"; Third, enterprise management projects, such as sightseeing agricultural parks, educational agricultural parks, agricultural parks, flower parks, forest parks, etc. With huge market potential and high return on investment, we should focus on supporting development and standardizing management. Urban agriculture in our city can take the following specific forms to develop.
3. 1 Sightseeing Agricultural Park: This has gradually developed since farmers opened orchards, vegetable gardens and flower beds for tourists to enjoy the scenery, flowers, fruits and promotions in the early 1990s. Such as folk village, homesick garden, Yangtaoyuan, litchi garden, orchid garden, citrus garden, sugarcane forest, banana forest, etc., is known as the southern green gauze account. Up to now, 40-50 sightseeing agricultural parks have been opened in the province, and the main crops are more than 20 kinds of citrus, carambola, strawberry, litchi, longan, guava, sugarcane, tea and various flowers. The soilless culture base of the Municipal Agricultural Science Center held activities such as "Melon Picking Month" and "Longan Litchi Tour Group", which attracted a large number of tourists from Hong Kong and Macao and achieved good economic and social benefits. If you plan to build a sightseeing orchard, you need a large scale, many kinds of fruits, unified planning and intercropping in different regions. It is best to enjoy fruit all year round, all year round.
3.2 Leisure Farm: This is a comprehensive leisure agricultural area. Visitors can not only visit, pick fruits, experience farming, learn about farmers' life and enjoy local flavor, but also stay, spend holidays and have fun. For example, the state-owned farms in the southern agricultural reclamation system are gradually opening to the outside world, such as rubber gardens, pepper gardens and seafood farms. It can be seen that urban agriculture should make use of rural equipment and space, agricultural production sites, agricultural products, agricultural business activities, natural ecological environment, agricultural human resources and so on. Through planning and design, we can give full play to the leisure tourism function of agriculture and rural areas and enhance people's experience of rural areas and agriculture. Its management should include agricultural production, rural life and cultural activities. At present, leisure farms are almost blank in this province, and citizens need them. If it is developed with characteristics, it will become the first choice for weekend leisure. Leisure farms are suitable for development in mountainous areas, such as Doumen, Pingsha and Hongqi. They use vast mountainous areas and rich agricultural resources, and rely on the surrounding scenic spots and historical sites and natural landscapes to build comprehensive sightseeing, experience, entertainment and holiday areas. This kind of project investment can be more or less, the scale can be large or small, and it has considerable flexibility.
3.3 Citizen Farm Garden: This is a garden where farmers provide land for citizens to participate in farming. There is a self-service vegetable garden, leisure and entertainment, and pastoral experience. Divide the farm into several communities, and rent them to individuals, families or groups in blocks. The area of each community is 10- 1000 square meters. Farmers directly lease farmland to citizens in blocks, and the rent is per square meter 10 yuan/month. Fruit trees vary according to different tree species, and the details shall be agreed by both parties. It can also be combined with farmland, flower beds, fish ponds, orchards and tea houses to diversify. The lessee chooses to experience, drink tea, enjoy, educate or relax according to his personal interests. At ordinary times, the farm manager is responsible for sending people to take care of it, and replacing and increasing varieties in the park according to the tenant's wishes, and giving them to tenants for enjoyment on holidays. You can carry out a series of activities to learn to be a farmer. Tenants can order beans, water, fertilize, pull weeds and prune in this kind of melon, which can not only exercise, but also enjoy the rural scenery and experience the joy of harvesting their own labor results, which will be very popular.
3.4 Education farm. This is a garden or scientific research practice base for urban primary and secondary school students and agricultural workers, so that they can get close to nature and work enthusiastically. For example, a "youth farm" will be built, which will be divided into feeding gardens, green camps, fairy tale workshops, fashion greenhouses, fish ponds and other communities, so that children can learn through entertainment and grow their abilities through hands-on.
3.5 Agricultural Park. Combine agricultural products production places with consumption places and sightseeing and entertainment places. For example, the Grape Park in Japan integrates vineyard viewing, grape picking and grape product tasting (such as wine, grape juice, grape ice cream and grape feast). ) tasting, writing, photography, experience, competitions and celebrations related to grapes. These projects are well located, generally located in the suburbs of cities, with convenient transportation. For example, a flower park can be built in Wan Chai Town, which integrates flower viewing, flower planting, flower knowledge consultation and gardening materials purchase, and integrates many functions such as viewing, leisure, education and shopping, making it more attractive to the public.
3.6 Forest Park. Similar to country parks in Hong Kong. At present, there are some in the suburbs of many cities, but they are generally small in scale, low in grade and lack of cultural and educational connotation. It can be developed, utilized or transformed on the original basis to build a comprehensive forest tourist area, making it a resort for citizens to relax and summer, and special parks can be set aside for people to plant various memorial forests (such as marriage and children, silver weddings, birthdays, business promotion, etc.). For example, Banzhang Mountain in Zhuhai, Phoenix Mountain, Huangyang Mountain in Doumen and some islands in the east can all be built into unique forest parks.
3.7 Folk custom sightseeing village. Choose a village with local or ethnic characteristics (such as Huitong Village or Kaiyuan Carved Building). ), slightly decorated, provide entertainment places such as farmhouses or country hotels for the night, so that tourists can fully enjoy the rich rural customs and rich earthy atmosphere, as well as unique folk culture and customs. On weekends, a series of activities such as "staying in a farmhouse, eating farmhouse meals, doing farm work and listening to farmhouse music" can be launched, which will certainly be greatly favored by urban residents.
3.8 Residential farms. Some villages in the suburbs of Beijing have become "new homes", "professor villages" and "artist villages" for retirees in the city. These city people walk in the forest, breathe the fresh air of the countryside, plant vegetables and fruit trees, carve works of art, and live a quiet, indifferent, silent and pollution-free life in a paradise. Zhuhai's urban planning is generally positioned as the best place for successful people to live. Proper construction of some unique folk farms will surely become a hot commodity for successful urbanites.
4 Zhuhai development of urban agriculture should pay attention to the problems and countermeasures
4. 1 Problems in the development of urban agriculture. After the construction in recent years, there are more and more urban agricultural points in our province, which have initially reached a certain scale. However, compared with its demand as a Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, especially as a metropolis such as Zhuhai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao, it is still in its infancy and there are still many problems.
4. 1. 1 At present, due to the lack of necessary policy guidance and laws and regulations, some operators are too biased towards sightseeing and recreational development, with less agricultural content. This deviates from the direction of developing urban agriculture to some extent.
4. 1.2 Urban agriculture has a wide range and many types. However, the overall scale is small and there is no complete system. Some citizens' agricultural parks lack planning and design, and the necessary public facilities such as parking lots, toilets, tool rooms and lounges are too simple. The parks are chaotic and the greening and beautification are obviously insufficient. Can not meet the basic requirements of tenants, tourists stay for a short time.
4. 1.3 The management laws and regulations of urban agriculture, especially citizen farms, are still not perfect, and problems such as surplus distribution, rights and obligations, and risk sharing have not been straightened out. Other projects are mainly rural independent development, with relatively low quality of operators and irregular management. From the management effect, the farm yard is too small in scale and concentrated in fruit maturity, which affects the time of visiting the park and the interest of tourists; However, there are too many tourists on holidays, which brings difficulties to management. Therefore, due to the influence of natural climatic conditions and seasonal farming, the difference between urban agriculture is more obvious.
4. 1.4 Some projects are rough and lack cultural and educational connotation, and even some suburbs with better conditions charge fees. On the other hand, some citizens lack understanding of agriculture, picking at will, trampling on crops and causing unnecessary losses.
These problems should arouse our great attention, so as to avoid and overcome them when Zhuhai develops urban agriculture in the future.
4.2 Countermeasures to solve the problems in the development of urban agriculture. The development of urban agriculture in our province is in the initial stage, which should be actively cultivated and supported. Some cities in our province have opened some amusement projects related to agriculture in amusement parks and forest parks. For example, the crocodile island park in Baitenghu, Doumen, which focuses on crocodile breeding and development. In Xinhui and other places, strawberry orchards, carambola orchards or citrus orchards are also opened for the public to pick during the fruit ripening season. This is the primary stage of urban agriculture, and it is also the embryonic stage of urban agriculture development. We should actively regulate and guide them so that they can develop healthily and smoothly.
4.2. 1 Policy guidance. In order to solve the problems existing in agriculture and rural development in our city, we must adjust the agricultural industrial structure, make extensive use of agricultural and rural space, expand the business scope, develop urban agriculture, and realize high added value of agricultural production. Therefore, the government should actively carry out the "Sansheng" agricultural policy, that is, guide agriculture to the development of enterprise production, modernization of life and natural ecology. Enterprise production requires that each urban agricultural production unit should have one or two crops or livestock and poultry products as the leading products to carry out scientific, efficient and enterprise production; The modernization of life requires agricultural production units to provide certain living and leisure facilities to serve people for leisure, vacation and tourism; Ecological naturalization requires agricultural production to maintain a virtuous circle and maintain ecological balance. Under the guidance and promotion of these policies, urban agriculture has developed rapidly.
4.2.2 Plan management. The government should formulate a medium-and long-term plan for the development of urban agriculture and increase its support for urban agriculture in terms of technology, capital and publicity. The examination and approval system of urban agricultural management should be introduced, which stipulates the basic conditions for establishing urban agricultural areas, such as the area must be greater than 50 hectares and contiguous development; Farmers must participate in development and benefit from it. Local agricultural products must be able to be sold or exported at home; There must be beautiful natural agricultural ecological landscape for viewing; Must have rich agricultural projects and agricultural experience to participate and experience; It is necessary to maintain the essential characteristics of agriculture to distinguish it from ordinary amusement areas and so on.
The Agriculture Committee and other competent departments, together with the relevant departments of land planning, environmental protection and tourism, invite experts to conduct on-the-spot investigation and evaluation on the places where urban agriculture is to be developed. Through detailed planning and design, an urban agriculture development advisory committee composed of experts, scholars and representatives from rural communities, social psychology, folk culture, landscape ecology, desertification control, forests, horticulture and environmental protection will make an evaluation. Approved business entities provide supporting construction funds, or are partially funded by the Agricultural Committee, and financial institutions provide special funds or loans to support them.
4.2.3 Planning and development. The government should bring the development of urban agriculture into the overall planning of social development and make it an important part of building a well-off society in rural areas. The development of urban agriculture in developed countries and regions shows that the emergence of urban agriculture is an agricultural form after social urbanization to a certain extent, an effective way for agriculture to get rid of weak and meager profits and participate in the tertiary industry, and a higher stage of agricultural development. After more than 20 years' efforts, our city has achieved a historic leap from adequate food and clothing to a well-off society in rural areas, and is moving towards the goal of a well-off society. Urban agriculture is characterized by the coordinated development of man and nature, man and environment, and the prosperity and progress of urban and rural areas, which just meets the goals and requirements of a well-off society. We should take vigorously developing urban agriculture as an important part of agricultural industrialization and building a well-off society in an all-round way, and promote the all-round prosperity of rural economy and the sustainable development of social economy.
References: 1, Zhuhai 1996. 1 1 compiled by the Information Office of Zhuhai Municipal People's Government today.
2. Zhuhai Statistical Yearbook 1997, compiled by Zhuhai Municipal Bureau of Statistics.
3. Development and Enlightenment of Urban Agriculture in Taiwan Province, Liu, Zeng Yurong, Exploration of Agriculture in Taiwan Province, No.3, 1998.
About the author:
Huang Dacheng, male, born in May, 1963, from Hengyang City, Hunan Province. Graduate degree, economist title, party member. 1983 joined the work in August. He used to be a teacher and head of teaching and research in the children's school of the 3 1 1 brigade of the Central South Geological Exploration Bureau of the nuclear industry, secretary of the general manager of the Fourth Construction Engineering Company of Hengyang City, Hunan Province, deputy section chief and director of the office, secretary of the Youth League Committee, manager of the personnel training department of Sanya Hotel, Hainan Province, director of the general manager's office, deputy director of the office of Zhuhai Agricultural Science Research Center, member of the Party Committee and director of the office, and published literature, popular science articles and office in newspapers at all levels.
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