Photography must understand the purpose of each focal segment of the lens.

The purpose of each focal segment of the lens (personal opinion, for reference only)

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8mm: extremely exaggerated picture, unlimited use.

18- 16mm: same as above.

22mm-24mm: imprecise architectural panorama, or natural landscape (preciseness requires large frame and shifting lens to correct differences), urban buildings and a large number of people.

28mm: Wide scenery, crowded scenes and portraits with a sense of community.

35mm: general landscape, building or building interior, documentary portrait.

50mm: local scenery, full-length portrait, in fact, any scene and theme can be used.

60-65mm: small macro, suitable for shooting some cup-sized objects or rice cookers and other commodities. This focal length is suitable for buying macro lenses.

80 mm: bust, some close-ups, or highlighting someone in the scene.

100mm: Macro gold focal length, especially suitable for shooting macro subjects.

135mm: portrait focal length, suitable for portrait close-up. Those MMs on the Internet that are particularly beautiful with blurred background are all shot at this focal length (generally, an 85mm lens is placed on an ordinary APS SLR, and due to the conversion factor, the focal length of 135 can just be obtained).

200mm: portrait close-up, big head, long-distance shooting.

300mm: People in the distance want to take close-ups, birds in the distance, sports, and distant shots.

400 mm-600 mm: wild animals, football matches, etc.

1200mm: astrophotography, dangerous wildlife, large-scale stadium competition.

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The focal length of 50 mm is the best and worst, which is close to the effect seen by human eyes, so there is no wide-angle shock and telephoto shock, but the top works shot by 50 mm lens in history are more than the sum of all other focal lengths.

50mm can't have the impact of the picture itself, so 50mm must win by content. Composition, color, connotation and story are extremely important, so it can usually make great works.

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35mm is the favorite of news photography. It is quasi-wide-angle, which can accommodate more things than the human eye can see, and will not contain many unimportant things like the ultra-wide angle below 28 focal length.

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135mm fixed focus, generally this kind of lens is called "beauty head", you know what that means.

50mm lens is the standard lens, and ordinary fixed-focus lens is generally 50mm lens, which is the most commonly used. It can be used for traveling and shooting general scenes.

The two lenses you mentioned are zoom lenses. The lens below 50mm is a wide-angle lens, and the lens above 50mm is a telephoto lens, and the lens above 50 mm can achieve hyperfocal distance or macro shooting.

You can shoot both shots normally or artistically. If wide-angle shooting is needed, for example, 18-70mm lens can be used for wide-angle shooting of buildings and roads, that is, you can usually see photos with the bottom bent downward, and the lowest can reach 18mm, which shows that the effect of fisheye lens has been achieved, and the objects photographed are extremely exaggerated, just like fisheye, the things photographed are round, and the things in the middle protrude outward. If you want artistic shooting, you can use this lens to focus on wide-angle shooting.

Then 70-300mm can focus on telephoto shooting. For example, take pictures of people on the top of the mountain, flowers on the top of high buildings, people or things standing above the ground, etc. You can adjust the focal length a little longer, pull the distant object very close and see it clearly. It is very useful to take close-ups. But after zooming in, the depth of field becomes smaller. For example, if you take a close-up of a person's face, if you fill the whole space with his face, then other things around him will not exist or be blurred. That is to say, shooting something far away will blur the environment, so it is mainly used to emphasize something, and the shot will have a strong visual impact.

In addition, your lens has reached the level of hyperfocal distance and macro shooting. You can also take macro shooting with this lens, such as taking a flower, a petal of flower or dew on a leaf, which can be taken clearly with this lens.

Your two lenses have a large zoom range and a large room to play. As for how to shoot and what to shoot, it's up to you. It can be said that with these two lenses, you can shoot at will. My opinion, I hope it will be useful to you.

First, the performance of short focal length photographic lens

(1) Because the lens of a short-focus camera has a large viewing angle, it is suitable for shooting long-range and panoramic pictures with multi-layer scenes, and it is not necessary to pull the camera very far to capture the panoramic or middle scenes required by the plot. In order to save money, modern film and television shooting is usually shot in front of a relatively small real scene or set in a studio. A camera lens with a short focal length can make up for the lack of width of the scenery or real scene, and if it is combined with an oblique angle, it will leave a deep visual impression on the audience. Short-focus photographic lens is conducive to the performance of magnificent mass scenes, vast fields, spectacular buildings and complex depth scheduling and other multi-level scenes. However, due to its small image magnification, it is generally not used for shooting close-ups and close-ups.

(2) It is essential for photographers to make artistic creation by using the modeling characteristics of short-focus photographic lenses with strong perspective effect. When shooting the dialogue shots of two characters with the outside backhand angle, the short focal length lens can widen the space distance between the two characters compared with the standard camera lens, thus showing the psychological gap between the two characters. In the American film "The Graduate", the photo of the protagonist with his parents, relatives and friends adopts a long focal length, which narrows the distance between the characters to show the concern of the elders. Instead, he and Mrs. Luo are fooling around with wide-angle lenses, suggesting that the psychological distance between them is just "fooling around." (Figure 2- 1) (Figure 2-2)

(3) When a short-focus camera lens is used to shoot portraits of people at close range, it can produce a special perspective deformation effect and show the abnormal mentality and emotions of people at close range. For example, most of the characters in Zhang Yimou's film "Let's Talk" are shot at close range with a short focal length camera lens, which makes the characters' noses bigger, cheekbones bigger and ears smaller. When shooting half of the character, one eye close to the camera becomes too big and the other eye becomes smaller, which fully shows the twisted and abnormal psychological state of the character in the film. Another example is the German film Professor Mamlock, in which many scenes and shots were shot with wide-angle lenses. For example, Mamam was arrested, Mamam's daughter was besieged by her classmates for no reason, and the crooked subjective lens was distorted, suggesting that everything seemed to be out of order after Shitkin came to power. The former Soviet film "Flying South in Wild Goose" is known as a poetic film, and its photography style is a famous emotional photography. Emotional photography does not aim at real reproduction, and the camera takes part in the play with strong subjective feelings. For example, Veronica, the heroine, wanted to commit suicide after being criticized by the unit leader because of her frustration in love, ran wildly on the railway line, shot her close-up with a wide-angle lens (taken by the actor himself with a camera), and deliberately exaggerated her remorse and sadness at the moment with deformed portraits.

(4) Compared with telephoto lens, wide-angle lens can not only highlight the main characters, but also show the characteristics of the environment. Therefore, a close-up of a character with a wide-angle lens can not only see the facial expression of the character, but also explain the environment in which the character lives, thus achieving the purpose of setting off the character with the environment and explaining the content of the event, and at the same time explaining the relationship between the character and its environment can increase the authenticity of the event. For example, the reporter's live coverage of the handover ceremony in Macao was shot with a wide-angle lens, which not only saw the reporter's facial expression, but also saw the environment behind the reporter. This is a common skill in news reporting. The close-ups in the feature film Citizen Kane are almost all shot with wide-angle lenses, aiming to set off the inner emptiness of the protagonist Kane with the environment-luxury residence.

(5) Wide-angle lens can complete the tasks of sneak shot, snap shot and snap shot at close range. Because the wide-angle lens has a wide viewing angle and a large depth of field, you can get a clear image without looking at the viewfinder or focusing, which is very beneficial to sneak shots. In news and thematic photography, when the shooting scene is chaotic and there are many people, the reporter can raise the camera with both hands and shoot by estimating the focal length and framing, so that the subject is not easy to be detected and it is easy to take candid photos. Stealing pictures can not only be used to stop shooting, but also be used in positive films. The candid camera lens is real and natural. But not everything can be filmed, so be careful. In addition, in sports photography, a very stable picture can be obtained by shooting with a wide-angle lens. If the camera shake is equal, the picture shake shot by telephoto lens will be very significant, while the picture shake shot by short-focus camera lens will be weakened. Therefore, when shooting with shoulder or hand in news photography, try to shoot with a wide-angle lens to keep the picture stable (especially in fixed the picture), which is also the basic skill of a cameraman.

(6) Using the characteristics of wide-angle camera lens with large depth of field and strong perspective effect, it is used to show the deep space effect. One part of the image in the picture is clear (such as the main body is clear), and the other part is blurred (such as the background is blurred), forming a contrast effect between the virtual and the real, resulting in the beauty of the virtual and the real. This is a common method. Depth of field lens (the whole picture is a clear real image) is also a way of expression. For example, in the movie Citizen Kane, in order to emphasize the effect of deep space, a wide-angle lens is used, so that the subject, foreground and background are within the depth of field, forming a greater image perspective effect. While emphasizing the deep space, it also highlights the subject and explains the relationship between the subject and the environment, which makes the picture content more realistic.

(7) Wide-angle photographic lens can be used for trick photography in film and television works. Wide-angle lens has a special purpose when shooting stunt models (dynamic or static) because of its large depth of field and high perspective ratio. In film and television works, some stunt scenes are completed on the shooting scene. For example, in the American movie Titanic, a large number of model shots were shot with wide-angle lenses. The three necessary conditions for shooting models to achieve realistic effects are low angle (elevation angle), slow motion (high speed) and wide-angle camera lens.

In addition, in the aspect of expressing movement, because the wide-angle lens exaggerates the speed of the subject's vertical movement, it can be used to enhance the sense of speed in deep movement, for example, when shooting scenes such as cars and people chasing back and forth, it can be used to enhance the sense of speed and render a thrilling atmosphere.

Second, the performance of long focal length photographic lens

(1) is used for remote shooting and candid shooting. If you want to show close-ups of small objects, such as eyes, school badges, rings, etc. Or show close-ups of distant objects, the short-focus camera lens can do nothing, and these tasks can only be completed with the telephoto camera lens. The telephoto camera lens can bring the distant scene closer because of its narrow viewing angle and large image magnification. For example, if you want to take a close-up of a person's eyes, or a detail to depict a person's inner emotions, it has a special function. In shooting practice, some subjects are far away, so they are not easy to get close to or can't get close at all. They can only be photographed with a long-focus camera lens, such as sports competitions, birds and animals, close-ups of the sun, ships sailing in rivers, wild animals in forests, some explosion situations, war scenes or news events. In addition, in the shooting of TV series and TV feature films, in order to pursue real and natural artistic effects, especially some documentary-style film and television works, actors are allowed to go to real life, and telephoto lenses are used to shoot actors' performances in the crowd remotely, so that actors do not pay attention to the existence of cameras, so as to obtain very realistic performance effects. For example, many scenes in the movie The Story of Autumn Chrysanthemum were shot in this way. In documentary programs, sneak shots and videos have become powerful creative means.

(2) Because the depth of field of the telephoto camera lens is small, the foreground and background are blurred except the main body, so we can take the inevitable cluttered background as a virtual image (outside the depth of field) or choose a relatively clean part of the background to shoot, so as to reduce the interference of the cluttered background and achieve the purpose of highlighting the main body. For example, in the movie Yuan Ye, young men and women meet in the birch forest. Except for the main characters, the background and foreground are extremely blurred, especially the leaves in the foreground are blurred into colorful blocks, forming a special and wonderful charm, which effectively shows the affection between men and women. In addition, the telephoto lens is used to take long-distance photos of objects moving rapidly in the pan/tilt, resulting in a follow-up effect, which not only highlights the subject, but also enhances its dynamics.

(3) Using the modeling characteristics of weak perspective of telephoto lens to compress the spatial distance of the object in the deep space, multi-level scenery and people can be compressed together, and the feeling of crowded, blocked and nervous picture can be enhanced. For example, in the movie "Parade", the photographer used a telephoto lens to shoot the scene of military training for officers and men, which made the whole picture full and full of tension and left a deep impression on the audience. A long-focus camera lens is used to shoot the scene of two characters talking from the outside backhand angle. Under the condition of unchanged scenery, the spatial distance between the two characters is closer than that of the standard camera lens, which is used to show the intimate relationship between the two characters. You can also take close-ups of the sun and people in a picture. The modeling function of long focal length photographic lens for space compression can make the narrow space reappear normally and strengthen its narrow atmosphere. In the TV series "One Chicken Feather in One Place", Kobayashi, the hero, tried his best to be assigned to two public houses, which seemed to be upstairs and downstairs, but was actually converted from stairs and aisles, making it very narrow. In order to truly reproduce Kobayashi's narrow house, the creator used telephoto lens to shoot and backlight it, emphasizing the crowded and narrow housing conditions, thus deepening the theme.

The main content of the film "Yellow Land" is caves, which are relatively narrow. If you shoot with a wide-angle lens, it will inevitably make the cave too spacious and distorted. But with telephoto lens and standard lens, only one angle can be photographed, and it is difficult to open the plane. In order to solve this contradiction, the photographer thought of a way to dig a hole on the side where the machine was placed, and put the machine in a small hole, so that the panoramic view and the middle view can be photographed with a long focal length lens, and the real environment of the cave can be truly reproduced. Some photographers don't understand the modeling characteristics of the lens and shoot with a wide-angle lens in a narrow environment, which leads to too distorted environment. For example, shooting with a wide-angle lens in a small sleeping car not only distorts the environment, but also distorts the characters.

(4) Using photographic lenses with different focal lengths can also grasp the visual rhythm of the picture. As we know, sports is a unique form and life of film and television art. When a long-focus camera lens shoots a horizontally moving object, the foreground and background change rapidly and virtually in the picture. When you shake a moving object horizontally, you can get the effect of horizontal following, enhance the visual rhythm of the picture, and express emotions such as tension, anxiety and joy. For example, in the film "My Mom and Dad" directed by Zhang Yimou, the scene of sending steamed dumplings to Mr. Wang was followed by a telephoto camera lens, which not only enhanced the visual rhythm of the picture, but also showed the complex emotions of the protagonist at that time, and also made the picture lose a clear sense of spatial orientation. Only by shooting the longitudinal motion of the subject with a short focal length camera lens can the visual rhythm of the picture be enhanced. Such as shooting scenes of fighting or chasing each other on the battlefield, this method is often used to express the tense rhythm and atmosphere. On the contrary, using telephoto camera lens to deal with depth scheduling and wide-angle lens to deal with lateral motion will weaken the sense of motion speed of the subject, as if it were still, thus slowing down the visual rhythm. For example, in the last famous "last-minute rescue" scene in the movie "The Graduate", the protagonist runs to the church with a telephoto camera lens, and the characters seem to be running in place. Although the visual rhythm seems to have slowed down, it has caused more tension to the audience.

(5) Shooting with a long focal length camera lens can complete the focus conversion skills. Focus conversion, also known as dynamic focus, is to change the focus back and forth according to the performance content in the same shot to achieve the purpose of scheduling and shifting the visual focus of the audience. For example, when filming the dialogue between Party A and Party B, Party A is close to the camera and Party B is far away from the camera. When Party A speaks, focus on Party A, which is clear and Party B is vague. On the contrary, when Party B speaks, the focus is on Party B, which is clear to Party B and vague to Party A.. There are two conditions for focus conversion: first, the depth of field is small, and second, the longitudinal distance of the subject is large. If there is no difference in longitudinal distance, even if a long focal length photographic lens is used, no obvious focal shift effect will be obtained.

In the American film The Graduate, the mother and daughter (Mrs. Luo and Lian) only use one shot, and this technique is used: at the beginning of the shot, both mother and daughter are in the picture, and the audience can see the young daughter clearly by shifting the focus, and then shift the focus to the mother standing at the door. At this time, the image of the daughter is blurred, and the audience can only see her mother clearly. This technique can easily remind the audience of the creator's intention, that is, the causal relationship before and after: the daughter suddenly understands that her boyfriend's mistress is not others or her own mother.

(6) It is normal that the focus of the scene in the picture is virtual and real. Virtual focal map means that the whole picture has no focus and nothing is clear, which is technically a waste. But artistically speaking, focus is not only a technical means of imaging, but also a modeling means of shaping the image of the screen. Photo photography is called "fuzzy language" and was used in creation earlier. Film and television photography is also increasingly using this "fuzzy language" to express emotions. If the patient has just removed the bandage from his eyes, his vision will not be normal and the picture will be blurred. All blurred images are also an abstract expression, which can form a fantastic feeling. When shooting some bright light sources at night, the focus will be intentionally shifted, so that each light source becomes a shaking spot. This abstract image can form a special sense of rhythm. Of course, this blur effect is the most obvious only with a long focal length photographic lens, and the longer the focal length, the more obvious the effect. Afocal diagram is a modeling method, but it can't be used too much. Only when it is used accurately and properly can it play its due role. At the end of the last episode of the TV series "Chicken Feathers in One Place", a virtual focus picture was used to show the illusion of the protagonist Kobayashi, which was quite successful. The content of the picture is Kobayashi in real time and space, communicating face to face with Kobayashi in illusion, and profoundly revealing Kobayashi's complicated inner activities at the moment with visual images.

(7) Long-focus photographic lens is often used to shoot portraits of people, so it is also called "portrait lens". Most TV programs, especially documentary programs, should be based on reproducing people's visual perception, and any distortion effect will affect the effect of documentary. The picture taken by the long focal length photographic lens is not deformed and can correctly restore the original appearance of the characters. In addition, it also has the function of softening images, which can make people's facial skin soft. In Hollywood, there is an insurmountable rule in the era of stars. When shooting close-ups and close-ups of stars, you need to use a telephoto camera lens of more than 75 mm. Although the character modeling in modern film and television is not aimed at taking pictures of beautiful people, in general, taking pictures of characters should be based on the premise of no deformation.

(8) Because the depth of field of telephoto lens is small, especially when the object distance is close and the aperture is large, this phenomenon is more obvious. Therefore, when shooting with a telephoto lens, we should focus as accurately as possible to prevent virtual focus. However, the telephoto lens has a narrow viewing angle, which makes the camera slightly shake up, down, left and right when shooting with the telephoto lens. Therefore, when shooting with a telephoto camera lens, try to support the camera with a tripod. In the absence of tripod or tripod, you should use shoulder-mounted camera to stabilize your body or arms as much as possible, and try to hold your breath and relax the muscles of your left and right arms to keep the camera stable during shooting.

In short, photographic lenses with different focal lengths have different artistic expression functions. Photographers should fully grasp these functions and create colorful and fascinating works of art according to the needs of content.