Western Art History (IV) Baroque Rococo Neoclassicism

After the Renaissance came Baroque, Rococo, and then neoclassicism. Let's get rid of this meaning first

Baroque, in Dali, is an era; On the small side, it also covers various art forms such as architecture, sculpture, painting, music and drama.

Because it is closely related to religion, power and wealth, and because the visual and decorative effects are usually magnificent, Baroque initially gives people the impression of grandiosity, luxury and local aesthetics. Versailles was a baroque palace in its heyday.

Insert an architectural literacy post and compare it to know what local baroque is.

Byzantium, dome; Gothic, spire towering, pointed arch, big window, stained glass; Baroque style, free and dynamic appearance, gorgeous decoration, sculpture, strong colors.

But in addition to gorgeous, baroque also means dynamic. Whether painting or sculpture, the people in the works seem to be standing on the stage and performing a big drama. Only such tension can make people hold their breath and respect.

I corrupt you with money and luxury, and you won't resist and disobey. Indulge in money, rococo style came into being. Rococo is a late baroque style, a stage of decadence and disintegration.

Prosperity is bound to decline, and a revolution initiated by the bottom people swept through. After the French Revolution began, revolutionary artists regained classical aesthetics, and now they use the dramatic style of praising religious heroes to render revolutionary heroes, which is neoclassicism.

Baroque art always revolves around religion and power, especially in Rome. Most of the magnificent buildings and sculptures that have stood in Rome for hundreds of years were created by Benigni.

This statue in Greek mythology made 24-year-old Benigni famous. Prout, the keeper of hades, forcibly married prosser Pi Na, the daughter of Mother Earth, and prout's finger was deeply pinched into Lausel Pi Na's thigh, as if it were really elastic.

Another miracle has to be mentioned: Mother Teresa, a Spanish nun, often hears God talking to her, saying that God stabbed her in the heart with a sword. But Benigni thinks that Teresa's feeling of "penetrating the heart" is essentially the same as a girl's desire for love.

So he carved an angel with golden hair and asked him to aim the golden hair at Teresa's lower body. The nun's eyes were closed, her lips were slightly parted, and she was intoxicated with the pleasure brought by the angel and enjoyed herself very much. Benigni accurately described a devout nun's longing for heaven when she met God.

Caravaggio was not only the last artist in the Renaissance, but also the first famous artist in the Baroque period. He broke the deadlock in the late Renaissance.

He lives in the lower floor of Rome, and this is how he painted Roman life.

Even if you draw a god, you should use the lowest person as a model, even himself.

Matthew was a tax collector, so he was abandoned. Jesus wants to choose one of the despised people as his disciple. This painting is a scene where Jesus calls Matthew.

In the dark room, Jesus came in through the door on the right side of the picture, and a light hit one hand. In the dark background around us, we naturally turned our eyes to Matthew along the direction of our fingers.

A light was put on the screen to strengthen the contrast between light and dark, hide people in the dark, and then use light to guide the line of sight. This kind of lamp is Caravaggio's most famous trump card, and it is called wine cellar lamp, or Caravaggio lamp.

Caravaggio reflects his society more truly, with realistic realism and dramatic stories, which are also the characteristics of Baroque painting.

In Rembrandt Holland, art consumption no longer belonged exclusively to nobles and churches, and ordinary people began to approach art, buying paintings or inviting painters to record their lives. There are also governments, enterprises and various small groups, so taking a group photo has become a trend, much like our big group photo now.

But Rembrandt's painting is an expression of one person, so it became an instant hit.

The most prominent one is Rembrandt's Night Patrol, which changed the present situation of collective portrait and led a new trend. He used his best light layout: a beam of oblique light lit up the right side of the protagonist, while the left side fell into darkness. This strong contrast between light and shade makes the characters angular and full of three-dimensional sense; At the same time, by weakening the light on the militia, the picture seems to be covered with a mysterious veil. Today, "Rembrandt light" is still a light rule that photographers must learn.

Rembrandt didn't want to lose his independent personality to cater to customers until he died. What is truly great is his soul, this unyielding artistic spirit.

From15th century to17th century, the authorities realized that ideological assimilation was also very important, and art could be used as a means of propaganda. Therefore, artists at that time were highly valued.

Velazquez is a court painter, and one of the greatest characteristics of his paintings is realism. He only paints what his eyes see.

Painting god, he always looks for his family to be a model. "Three Doctors Come to Worship" tells that three doctors in the East look up at the starry sky at night and foresee that the new king of the Jews will be born soon, so they come to Jerusalem to present gifts to the Virgin Mary to show their respect.

No one has seen the doctor, the virgin Mary and Jesus. In velazquez's paintings, the Virgin and Jesus are his wife and daughter respectively, and among these three doctors, there are not only himself but also his father-in-law.

It is this pragmatism that makes his characters look kind and real.

His paintings "Gong E", "Mona Lisa" and "Night Patrol" were included in the "Three Famous Paintings in the World" and were interpreted with a strong philosophical meaning.

The painter uses a mirror to spread a two-dimensional painting into a three-dimensional space. In addition to the smug little princess, he also put in the king and queen who were not in the picture.

This mirror can visualize the king and queen, which has become the most attractive element for western researchers. This visualization froze the princess, ladies-in-waiting, ministers and painters. What is hidden only determines the posture of everyone in the picture.

Foucault concluded that it is an invisible ontology that determines a visible scene. This painting brings us an inspiration about "human cognition". Behind the visible, there are often invisible factors that determine.

The binary unity of opposites between "tangible and intangible" and "phenomenon and essence" is the philosophical truth in Gong E, which is the skill of philosophy and the power of art..

Rococo art, let's say Madame Pompidou. Her self-dressing, architecture and interior decoration are all strong "Pompidou style".

She started her own porcelain workshop, and the unique pink represents the fashion and elegance of the nobility.

Neo-classicism mentioned two people, David and Angel:

David loves revolution and is a "revolutionary painter". Death of marat is a work about the assassination of revolutionaries.

The young man in the painting is Mara, one of the core leaders of jacobins in the French Revolution. He suffers from severe eczema and has to work in a bathtub with medicine. He was assassinated by a woman. A few days before the assassination, David visited Mara.

Later, how he became a court painter, later generations can't understand, but after all, he is the founder of neoclassical painting school.

David's student Angel is famous for her works on women. He just wants to simply paint women and show their classical beauty to the extreme.

The most representative is this "maid of honor"

Nudity is by no means equal to pornography. Angel's painting is much more subtle, with no magnificent plot and no naked human organs. This painting is a spiritual appreciation of human beauty. This is not a painting, but a living person.

Many people question that the proportion of people who draw angry pictures is wrong, and his waist is obviously elongated. But so what? He loves "man", which is a great work of art of nature, and he just appreciates it.