What are the ecological conditions in Hequma (Gansu) producing area?

(1) Topography, elevation, latitude and longitude

Maqu County in Gannan Prefecture is one of the central producing areas of Hequ horses. The county is located on both sides of the first bend of the Yellow River, with geographical coordinates of 33 06' ~ 34 30' north latitude and10115' ~102 29' east longitude, and is located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The east is connected with Sichuan. Southeast, southwest and northwest border Qinghai. The terrain is complex, with Bayan Kara in the southwest; There is a mountain leaning to the west in the north; There are Jishi Mountain in the west and middle. These mountains extend from west to east, so the terrain is higher in the northwest and slightly lower in the east. The altitude is 3300~4806m, and the landform can be divided into alluvial beaches (including alluvial valley beaches), which are distributed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and large gullies. The alluvial valley flat land and inclined beach land are distributed between the beam slope and the water flow and on both banks; The undulating terrain (referring to the foot of Liangpo Mountain) and mountainous terrain are distributed in the back of Jishi Mountain and around Xiqiao Mountain.

(2) Climatic conditions

The annual average temperature in this area is 1, 1℃, and the annual precipitation is 444,4 ~ 764,4 mm. The precipitation in the central production area is between 615,5 ~ 647,6 mm, and the precipitation is mainly concentrated in May ~ September, accounting for 80% ~ 87% of the annual precipitation. May-September is the same season of rain and heat, which is the grass season with daily average temperature ≥5℃, which is very beneficial to the growth of grass. The precipitation in this area is greater than evaporation, and it is more than enough for the whole year. Humidity of producing area ≥ 1, 0.

(3) Water source and soil quality

This area is located at the first bend of the Yellow River, passing through the territory. There are many tributaries, rich water sources, large annual runoff, great potential for development and utilization of hydropower resources and good development conditions. Fertile soil, mainly meadow soil, black soil, chernozem and dark brown soil.

(4) Present situation of land use, cultivated land and grassland area

Maqu county is located in the cold and humid grassland, with high terrain, low air pressure and low humidity, and the four seasons are not obvious. The terrain is open and flat, and the soil is fertile. The land area of the county is 965,438+0,65000 hm2, and the grassland area is 865,438+0,865,438+000 hm2, mainly distributed in alluvial grassland, wide valley and hilly area along the Yellow River, belonging to subalpine meadow grassland. There is abundant rainfall in this area, which is suitable for pasture growth. There are many kinds of grasses, especially Cyperaceae.

(5) Types and yields of crops and feed crops

There are few crops planted in this area, mainly rape and highland barley. There are abundant aquatic plants, and the grassland plants are mainly Gramineae and Cyperaceae grasses such as Hedysarum, Bromus, Poa pratensis and Elymus nutans. Ophiopogon japonicus, leek, Carex, Artemisia argyi and other fine grasses. Likes to be wet and grows in marshes and grasslands. Horses are easy to gain weight after eating, which can promote the development of young foals. These superior ecological conditions are the material basis for the formation and development of Hequ horse.

(6) Changes of ecological environment, forest and grass in recent 10 years.

Due to natural factors such as rising global temperature and decreasing rainfall, as well as the quick success of mankind, the contradiction between livestock and grass caused by the expansion of a large number of herds and overgrazing has become increasingly prominent, and the grasslands in the producing areas are suffering from the most serious ecological difficulties in history, such as grassland degradation and grassland desertification.