Problems and countermeasures in surveying and mapping engineering?

Engineering surveying and mapping is the first and most important step in engineering construction. Surveying and mapping data directly affect the quality of engineering construction and are of great significance to engineering construction. With the development of construction industry, there is a higher demand for engineering surveying and mapping. This paper summarizes and studies some common problems in the implementation of surveying and mapping projects, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures for specific problems.

At present, with the gradual advancement of market economy and the rapid update of science and technology, the investment amount of some relatively large surveying and mapping projects has reached millions and tens of millions of yuan, and some have exceeded 100 million yuan. Such a large-scale surveying and mapping link, the complexity of technology, the long construction time and the difficulty of organization and management are unprecedented. However, in the current surveying and mapping management system, there are problems such as lack of professionalism and external quality control. Some quality problems will only be excavated when they are finally accepted, but it is very difficult to deal with them at this time, which has caused huge economic losses to builders and investors. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and standardization of surveying and mapping projects.

1 the important role of surveying and mapping engineering

In recent years, with the development of China's economy, the funds invested in the construction field are gradually increasing. In large-scale projects, the innovation of R&D and new technologies is indispensable. With the gradual progress in the field of surveying and mapping, the number of professional and technical personnel is increasing, and their comprehensive strength is increasing. From the perspective of surveying and mapping engineering, the quality of the project itself is always the criterion that all employees engaged in this work need to follow. In a surveying and mapping project, if its own quality cannot be guaranteed, it means that the project will be unsuccessful, there are hidden dangers, there is no way to gain the recognition of consumers, and it is not "people-oriented".

2 modern surveying and mapping technology

2. 1 digital mapping technology

Digital mapping technology is also called computer mapping technology. In practical engineering survey, large-scale digital mapping represents field mapping in the field, that is, ground digital mapping. When creating various geographic information systems, it is necessary to digitize the previous maps. For the initial map that can meet the requirements of the corresponding precision and scale, common surveying and mapping, digitization and photogrammetry are often used, and automatic mapping software is used to display the collected data and information in the process of map measurement. After studying the application mechanism of this technology, we can know that this technology is also based on the previous paper mapping mechanism, using database technology and digital graphics processing methods to complete a lot of work such as collection, conversion, identification, storage and processing of map measurement related data, and finally get a better electronic map, and if necessary, it can also implement more complex digital processing of electronic maps.

2.2 Photogrammetry Technology

At present, photogrammetry technology has been widely used in urban construction and engineering surveying and mapping. As long as we have the R&D and manufacturing capabilities of high-quality and high-precision photogrammetry facilities, and then integrate the corresponding computer technology, photogrammetry can give a more comprehensive three-dimensional spatial dynamic situation of measurement points. The reason why photogrammetry technology can be widely used is mainly because it does not need to touch the measured object during the whole measurement process and there is less external work. At the same time, it also has the advantages of very high measurement accuracy and rich finished products. In urban construction, large-scale cadastral mapping, topographic mapping and other work links, it plays a role that ordinary surveying and previous surveying methods do not have. Therefore, it can be predicted that the future photogrammetry technology will have a broader development trend.

2.3GPS technology GPS technology uses GPS positioning satellites to implement navigation and positioning in real time around the world, which is called global satellite positioning system. GPS needs a GPS terminal, a monitoring platform and a transmission network, all of which are indispensable. Through the cooperation of the above three elements, we can play the related functions of vehicle positioning, robbery prevention, theft prevention and call command, and realize the trinity positioning and navigation of land, sea and air. This is a brand-new satellite navigation and positioning system. With the improvement of related technologies and the gradual progress of wide-area and carrier phase difference methods, good results have been achieved in geological mapping.

3 Problems existing in current surveying and mapping projects

3. 1 Quality control issues

At present, because some surveying and mapping engineering enterprises mostly survey and use by themselves, to a certain extent, there is a lack of external supervision, management and restraint on surveying and mapping products and quality, which leads to the gradual emergence of industry habits of various units. Even though some surveying and mapping engineering enterprises have established the system of quality management and comprehensive supervision, it is still not perfect, and there is still a lack of methods to ensure and standardize the quality of surveying and mapping engineering itself, which leads to poor connection and adjustment between the various steps of surveying and mapping product manufacturing [2]. Some departments with quality management and supervision have not fully played their roles. What's more, some surveying and mapping engineering enterprises employ people with low quality and corresponding qualifications to manage and standardize quality, which will inevitably lead to the failure of management and control. The quality of surveying and mapping engineering itself is difficult to manage and control, and it cannot be completed by surveying and mapping engineering enterprises themselves. It is also necessary to rely on the competent department of surveying and mapping engineering and the social level to implement norms, management and constraints, and gradually promote the improvement of management and control level.

3.2 Safety and management issues

Safety is the most common and concerned issue in construction engineering, and management is also a very representative issue in construction engineering. The reasons for the safety and management problems in surveying and mapping projects are as follows: the staff themselves do not have the corresponding safety concept, some staff do not wear safety helmets in accordance with the relevant regulations at the construction site, and some do not follow the on-site guidelines; The management problems in surveying and mapping engineering are mainly manifested in the management of construction facilities and materials. In the process of gradual development in the field of surveying and mapping, various surveying and mapping facilities have appeared in the market. However, the relevant departments did not implement the corresponding supervision and management of surveying and mapping facilities, which eventually led to a very large measurement error in the surveying and mapping facilities used by surveying and mapping units. The consequences are unimaginable, which not only causes huge economic losses to enterprises, but also hinders the progress of the whole field. In short, due to the above controllable and uncontrollable reasons, there are obvious problems in the safety and management of current surveying and mapping projects.

3.3 The problem of difficult cost control of construction enterprises

In the process of the gradual development of surveying and mapping engineering, the cost control of the construction unit itself is also very important, mainly because many responsible personnel of the construction unit do not know enough about the importance of the budget, which not only has a great impact on the quality of the enterprise budget, but also has a great negative impact on the efficiency of budget preparation, which weakens the timeliness of the budget to a certain extent and may even lead to the situation of budget afterwards. In addition, there are problems in cost control of surveying and mapping units because the cost controllers do not clearly distinguish the corresponding responsibilities, and the management is relatively loose, which leads to the gradual increase of the cost of surveying and mapping units and the difficulty in cost control.

4 Countermeasures to solve the problems in surveying and mapping engineering

4. 1 Measures to improve quality control

To strengthen the control and management of surveying and mapping engineering, it is necessary to establish a relatively perfect management and control system, strengthen the inspection and management of surveying and mapping engineering quality as much as possible, and comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of the engineering. Scientific, independent and fair, these are the representative characteristics of quality management and control of surveying and mapping projects. If we start from the above points, we can not only improve the level of surveying and mapping, but also standardize surveying and mapping enterprises more deeply and ensure a perfect surveying and mapping engineering standard [3]. System engineering needs to create a relatively unified and perfect supervision system network in all survey areas, which is convenient for unified management of topographic survey and quality supervision in surveying and mapping engineering, and then links the actual terrain with topographic maps. But the requirements for professionals are higher.

4.2 Strengthen safety management

It is necessary to further strengthen the construction safety management, especially to prevent the land from being damaged by bad weather conditions. Set up a leading group for construction survey and safety management to fully implement the responsibility system for construction safety. Workers need to strengthen safety construction and cultivate and establish relevant safety concepts. Secondly, strengthen the use of quality control equipment in the construction process. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the planning of relevant schemes in the process of surveying and mapping in the engineering operation, and pay close attention to the audit of surveying and mapping schemes. Finally, considering the harsh climate, hydrology, engineering geology and other environmental factors, the corresponding preventive measures for summer monsoon and winter monsoon are established in an all-round way.

4.3 Strengthen cost control

It is difficult to control the construction unit cost, which is also a major problem in surveying and mapping engineering. In order to solve this problem, construction enterprises need to establish a supervision organization independent of financial institutions, so as to prevent the financial chaos of enterprises from causing the cost of enterprises to be difficult to control. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the audit of relevant documents of survey and construction design to reduce problems.

5 conclusion

The quality of surveying and mapping projects directly affects the quality of all construction projects, and the development of surveying and mapping projects has a very broad prospect. Therefore, the construction unit needs to improve its own technical level as much as possible to enhance the market share of the enterprise. In the concrete implementation of surveying and mapping engineering, due to geological, personnel, climate and other factors, it will lead to various problems, which will have a very adverse impact on the quality of surveying and mapping engineering. Therefore, we must establish a perfect quality management system, strengthen safety management and scientifically and reasonably strengthen cost control.

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