What are the nine difficulties in photography?

Fill in the nine elements of a scenic spot blockbuster and see what your work can do and how far it is from the scenic spot blockbuster ~

1. lens

When shooting landscapes, we all like to use wide-angle lenses, because wide-angle lenses can accommodate a wider field of vision, record more landscapes and make the picture more magnificent.

Tianchi lake under wide angle

However, this does not mean that you can only shoot the scenery with a wide-angle head. In fact, using other focal lenses to shoot scenery also has a unique flavor.

Take a telephoto lens as an example. Its function is not only to "shoot distant objects", but also to create a sense of space compression, that is, to shorten the distance between objects in the picture.

Therefore, the telephoto lens is suitable for shooting the same scene in a large area, such as mountains and forests, and "pulling" individuals at different distances to a plane, which is more and bigger:

The forest under the telephoto is getting denser and denser.

Try many lenses with different focal lengths and have a good experience and understanding of their imaging characteristics, which is the basic skill that every photographer should lay well.

Write a composition

When it comes to composition, it is inseparable from dichotomy.

Trigonometry, also known as Jiugongge or tic-tac-toe composition. Divide the picture into nine equal points with two straight lines in the horizontal and vertical directions. A straight line is called a three-point line and the intersection of four straight lines is called a three-point line.

From the perspective of aesthetics and psychology, the four three-point lines will attract more attention than other parts of the picture, and the intersection of the four three-point lines is the visual center of the whole picture.

Triangular synthesis

Therefore, when there is an obvious subject in the picture, try to arrange it in four visual centers to achieve the purpose of highlighting the subject:

Even if you are shooting a large scene with no obvious subject, when the scene has obvious hierarchical boundaries (such as horizon and horizontal line). ), you should try to arrange them on the three-point line.

Of course, the dichotomy is only a reference and may not be applicable to all situations. On some special occasions, the effect of trichotomy is not the best.

For example, taking a reflection, because there is a symmetrical aesthetic feeling between the scene and the reflection, it is best to put the horizontal plane in the center of the picture to highlight the symmetrical beauty.

No composition is "the best", only "the most suitable".

be concentrated

The so-called focus is not necessarily the subject, but the scenery that can attract the attention of the audience.

Some scenery photos, especially the "big scenery" with a wide field of vision, lack focus in the picture, so the whole picture is relatively dull and the audience's attention is relatively "scattered".

Lack of focus, the picture is very dull.

And if there are some scenes in the photo that can obviously attract the attention of the audience, then the picture will be more interesting and eye-catching.

These focuses don't have to be special or large-scale, but they should be conspicuous enough, for example, a red-roofed hut in a green forest:

If you can't find such a small object with high contrast in the environment, add some scenery to the foreground. Can be a person, a few flowers, a branch. ...

The scenery in the foreground occupies a large proportion in the picture, which can smoothly serve as the focus of the picture and make the picture more vivid.

At the same time, the three-dimensional sense and depth of the picture can be effectively enhanced by comparing the size of the foreground and the mid-range scenery:

People and stones nearby enrich the picture. 4.light.

Some photographers never shoot during the day, but work around sunrise and sunset, because the sky in these two periods is very bright and rich in warm colors.

If nothing else, just looking at the color of the sky is beautiful enough:

In addition to color, the low-angle sunlight at dawn and dusk is very soft, which is more conducive to expressing the texture and texture of the scene:

In addition to sunrise and sunset, special weather such as rainy days, foggy days and cloudy days can also be photographed outdoors, which can produce dramatic special effects.

The cool scenery on cloudy days also has a special flavor.

Of course, I'm not saying that you can't shoot without these special lighting conditions, but these special lighting conditions can really improve your chances of making a good film, which is worth making good use of.

5. Depth of field

Generally, it is advisable to shoot movies with scenes in large depth of field, especially large scenes, so as to clearly show the scenes at different distances, which is more in line with the effect seen by human eyes and gives readers an immersive feeling.

However, it should be noted that a large depth of field requires a small aperture, which means that the exposure time becomes longer. It is best to shoot with a tripod to avoid shaking hands.

It is worth mentioning that the minimum aperture is not the best shooting effect, because the smallest aperture may produce diffraction and affect the image quality.

Generally speaking, the second or third aperture is enough ~

6. Exposure control

It is inevitable to shoot the sky when shooting the scenery. When the illumination ratio between the sky and the ground is too large, which exceeds the tolerance range of the camera, you are likely to encounter the phenomenon that the sky is too exposed and the ground is too dark.

Therefore, it is best to carry a medium gray gradient lens with you and dim the brightness of the sky appropriately to get better picture effect.

When using the medium gray gradient mirror, remember to adjust the gradient position, so that the gradient is aligned with the dividing line between light and dark, and the bright part of the picture is darkened without affecting the dark part of the picture.

If you lack relevant equipment, you can also take black and white photos to deal with the problem of large light ratio. Because overexposed places will turn white, which will not affect the visual effect too much.

Black and white photos have a unique effect, either quiet or intense, or gloomy or solemn. You can post-process color photos into black and white photos, or you can shoot them directly in monochrome mode.

7. The proportion of the sky

As I said before, the composition of the trisection is a reference standard, which can play a role in most scenes, but you don't need to copy the trisection mechanically.

For example, the sunset glow in the sky is picturesque, but the scenery on the ground is very dark. You can take more pictures of the sky, less pictures or even no pictures of the ground:

On the contrary, if the scenery on the ground is beautiful and there are few clouds in the sky, take more photos of the ground and leave only a little sky.

Always remember that any composition form is only a reference standard, and everything depends on the actual effect of the picture. Don't let the rules of composition constrain your creativity.

burst with vitality

The scenery is not static. Birds flying over the sky, the wind blowing clouds and the rolling water are all dynamic picture elements.

You can take a long exposure shooting method to record this action and make the photo more vivid. This means you need a tripod, a small aperture and a reducing mirror.

You can set a long exposure of several seconds or even tens of seconds to make the running water silky smooth:

You can also use a longer exposure time to make the clouds in the sky feel flowing:

What, how many seconds should I set the shutter? Sorry, you have to try slowly and choose the best picture effect by comparison.

This is not because I want to "leave my hand", but because the shutter speed and the speed of the subject are related to the effect you want. Try several shutter speeds and compare them.

9.horns

You can see different scenery from different shooting angles. Try a variety of shooting angles, such as squatting or climbing, and you will find different scenery.

I've photographed the beautiful sea enough, and I can climb to a high place to have a look at the winding coastline. Maybe there will be unexpected gains!