Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography and portraiture - The story of Gaozhou celebrities, urgent! ! Composition. . . .
The story of Gaozhou celebrities, urgent! ! Composition. . . .
Chinese name: Gao Lishi.
Alias: Feng
Nationality: China Tang Dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Date of birth: 690 AD
Date of death: 762 AD
Occupation: eunuch
Main achievements: Assisting Xuanzong in quelling the rebellion in Wei Hou.
At the age of 72.
Ancestral home: Tangpanzhou (now Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province)
Title: Qi Huangong
Cemetery: Tailing Mausoleum of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty
Directory [hidden]
outline
Li Bai and Gao Lishi.
Historical story
Biography of Gao Lishi in the New Tang Dynasty
[Edit this paragraph] Personal data
Gao Lishi [1] (690-762), the first sage of all dynasties, was born in Tangpanzhou (now Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province), the great-grandson of Feng Ang, the grandson of Feng Zhixie and the son of Feng Junheng. 10 years old, was confiscated for implicating others. Wu Zetian was born at the beginning of the holy calendar (664). In 708, Li Longji, the king of Linzi, was accepted as a confidant in Jinglong. In the fourth year of Jian 'an, a palace coup took place, killing Princess Anle and Wu's henchmen. Tang Ruizong was reset and Li Longji was the Crown Prince. Lux participated in the planning and was promoted to doctor and servant. In the first year of his life (7 12), Lux assisted Xuanzong to launch a palace coup again to quell the chaos and moved to Dr. Yin Yinqing Guanglu as an official in the industry. At the beginning of kaiyuan (7 14), the right guard general was appointed, knowing that in-house attendants would save trouble, and Xuanzong favored eunuchs, especially Lux. Archaeological excavations confirmed that Gao Lishi was about 1.75 meters tall, well-proportioned, civil and military, and sometimes did good deeds, served Xuanzong, won trust, and held power, not relying on blind ingratiation and flattery. Although he is a eunuch, he can help Tang Xuanzong politically and care about him emotionally at critical moments. Although Gao Lishi is a eunuch, he has extraordinary political vision and decisive personality. "He is good at riding and shooting, and the three armed forces are impressed", which is really quite general. Since then, Lux has been in power in the ruling and opposition. According to the Tang Dynasty's Preface to Kaifeng Instrument Co., Ltd., the servant in the third division and the tombstone given to Yangzhou Governor for burying Tailing High Arch, it is recorded that Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty "was kind, virtuous and dedicated, so he decided to do it", but Gao Lishi "was neutral and fair, won the king without arrogance, followed without arrogance, and remonstrated without committing crimes. (Kim) Wang speaks in moderation, holding the handle of the country without exerting force. There is little gossip, so there is no discussion. The gentleman said: "The so-called beauty of the monarch is also beautiful." Although this passage praised Gao Lishi, the account also clearly shows that Xuanzong attached great importance to Gao Lishi, and ministers inside and outside the imperial court respected his opinions very much. Therefore, Lux often participates in the decision-making of state affairs and can make suggestions directly to the emperor. At the beginning of Tianbao (742), Jiafeng Lux was the champion general, the right guard general and the Duke of Bohai. In seven years, General Lux was appointed as a title of generals in ancient times, and his property was richer than that of princes. In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan and Shi Siming launched an Anshi Rebellion, trapped in the two cities of Beijing, and forced their soldiers to follow Xuanzong into Shu and go to Majipo. The soldiers mutinied, killed Yang and threatened Xuanzong to kill Yang Guifei. Xuanzong hesitated, but Lux encouraged Xuanzong to kill him. After Lux arrived in Chengdu, he was named Qi Huangong because of his outstanding military exploits. In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), Su Zong proclaimed himself emperor and changed to the first year of Germany. Later, Lux returned to Beijing with Xuanzong, added three Fu Yi books and rewarded 500 households. In the first year of Shangyuan (760), Lux was falsely demoted to Wuzhou. In the first year of Baoying (762), Tang Daizong ascended the throne, and Lux was pardoned and returned to Beijing and Langzhou. Knowing the death of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Lux vomited blood in grief. Dai zong restored his original official position, gave Yangzhou the governor, and was buried with Tang Xuanzong's Tailing Mausoleum. The picture shows Gao Lishi in the comic book "Fantasy Night in Chang 'an".
[Edit this paragraph] Li Bai and Gao Lishi
In the first year of Tianbao (742), two celebrities with different styles met in Chang 'an Palace in Tang Dou. One is Gao Lishi (690-762), the champion general with universal weight, and the other is Li Bai (70 1-762), a talented poet who set pen to paper and shook the five mountains and made his ministers proud. They gathered around Li Longji, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, among the songs and dances, wine and fragrant flowers beside the Aquilaria Pavilion and Bailianchi. How many touching stories, clever tricks that attract people's attention and arouse people's imagination. That's what happened. Please read Li Jun's "Song Chuang Miscellaneous Notes": During the Kaiyuan period, heavy wood peony was first banned, that is, peony today. Take four books: red, purple, light red and white. Transplanted in front of the Aquilaria Pavilion in the east of Xingqing Dong Chi. The flowers are blooming, and the photos taken at night are the best (the name of the horse). Sixteen songs were awarded to those who specially selected disciples in the pear garden. In the name of being good at singing, Li Guinian held a sandalwood board and put music before singing. Confucius said, "Appreciate famous flowers, how to use old music as a concubine?" ? Then, he ordered the Year of the Tortoise to announce a golden flower memorial tablet to Hanlin as a sacrifice to Li Bai, and divided it into three chapters ... The Year of the Tortoise entered with lyrics. The disciples in Liyuan were ordered to touch the silk and bamboo, so they urged the Year of the Tortoise to sing. Princess Taizhen is holding a glass Qibao cup, drinking western cool peach wine and laughing at the lyrics, which is meaningful. Because Yu Di's tune depends on this song ... Naturally, Li Hanlin is especially different from bachelors. I am deeply ashamed of Gao Lishi's last black leather (six seams of boots). In the future, Princess Taizhen will repeat what she said before. Lux said: I began to complain that Li Bai and my concubine went deep into the bone marrow. What happened to boxing? Princess Taizhen was surprised and said, can Bachelor He Hanlin bully others? Lux said: pointing a swallow at a concubine is very cheap. Princess taizhen is quite deep. I tried to kill Li, but my death was guarded by the palace. There is also a paragraph of Youyang Miscellanies: Li Bai's name is broadcast in the sea. Xuanzong summoned in the temple. The air is high, and the porch is like an elevator in summer. In the world, I don't think I have forgotten the honor of riding a thousand horses. Accept your fate. Bai Sui spread his feet and said to Gao Lishi, Take off your boots. Lux lost power, so he jumped out. And out, the above refers to white as lux: this person is solid and poor. These two vivid stories are the original version of Gao Lishi taking off his boots for Li Bai. Li and Duan were both from the late Tang Dynasty, more than a hundred years later than Li Bai. These materials were later quoted in large numbers, written into the official history, put on the stage, and passed down from mouth to mouth. In addition, many people tend to blame the people around them for the political corruption of Xuanzong in his later years, and this is how Gao Lishi's jester image was shaped. But is it true? Gao Lishi in Beijing Opera has always been a clown. First of all, the time background mentioned in Song Chuang Zalu is completely wrong in Kaiyuan. Twenty-nine years of Kaiyuan. How much is it? It will take about 14, 5 years. As we all know, the imperial concubine was conferred in the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan. How can Kaiyuan have a poem praising the imperial concubine? In addition, Li Bai also said in Song Zhongcheng's Self-recommendation Form: At the beginning of Tianbao, five houses were handed over (recommended) and the capital was famous. When the emperor heard about it, he welcomed it and called it into the DPRK. When Tianbao first entered Beijing, he wrote clearly, which is irrefutable evidence, enough to deny what he said in Kaiyuan. In addition, some people who have close contacts with Li Bai and wrote a preface to his poems, such as Li and Liu, who built his tomb, all agree that he entered Beijing in the early days of Tianbao. What's more noteworthy is that Li Bai said in Photography of Zhao Xuancheng and You Yang: Fu Wei is a "xianggong", opening its emblem and brightening the world. Enter the room of the real dragon and hold the right of nature. An Shi Gao pillow, a lifetime back. This article was written by Zhao Yue, the commander of Xuancheng, in the 14th year of Tianbao. The Yang mentioned here is none other than Yang Guifei's cousin Yang. It is not correct to compare Yang with An Shi (the sage of Shun). However, on the other hand, it also proves that Li Bai doesn't really hate Yang brothers and sisters. Suppose there is really a matter of the imperial concubine banishing Li Bai, can you write it like this? Li Junzhi's statement is not credible, which is clear enough. As for Youyang Miscellaneous Language, it is even more bizarre. Imagine, noble, romantic and broad-minded Li Longji, shocked and overwhelmed by the elegant demeanor of Li Bai, whom he called a poet in white, can say such treacherous words? Since I am dissatisfied with Li Bai's impudence, how can I promote him? As you can see, this is unreasonable. It's really just a novelist's speech made up by literati. The predecessors have long questioned this. Zhong Taihua, an Amin, pointed out in Four History of Wen Yuan that fear comes from the novels of officials. Wang Qi, a A Qing Dynasty man, also said in the postscript of Collected Works of Li Taibai: Later generations did things quickly (referring to Gao Lishi taking off his boots) and praised them with flattering words. However, it is too white and not as safe as theorists expected. It shows a calm and rational thinking. In fact, the reason that prompted Li Bai to leave had nothing to do with Gao Lishi. Gao Lishi, as a cautious person, has always received rave reviews. He claimed to be: "In addition to sweeping the wine, I was also taken care of by the attendants to help Dai." I'm afraid of difficulties. I dare not hide when I'm older, and I dare not be dishonest when I'm younger. I must keep it in mind and keep my mouth shut. I have been careful every day for twenty years. " Therefore, some history books say that he is "cautious, observant and inclined, and does not dare to be arrogant." Therefore, the emperor finally released him, and the scholar-officials were not sick. " This style of dealing with people is not only related to the political situation at that time, but also determined by his character. He didn't support the traitor on many things. Some things are very insightful. Even Zhang Shuo, Zhang Jiuling, Li Yong and other famous officials are highly respected. This point was mentioned in all volumes throughout the Tang Dynasty, and so on. Yan Guogong said that he wrote inscriptions for his adoptive father Gao Yanfu, his biological father Feng Junheng and his biological mother Mrs. Mai Tai. Li Yong also has the article "Shane ordered General Gao to be sent". Li Bai, who was highly valued by emperors and nobles, would not make trouble for no reason, even if he was arrogant. On the contrary, from the literature review, the communication between Gao Lishi and Li Bai is positively described. Fan Chuan was "Tang Zuo picking up the tombstone of Hanlin Bachelor Li": at the beginning of Tianbao, he was called to the Golden Throne Hall. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty came down to meet him, just like seeing a garden and a beautiful scene ... the lotus pond will turn white one day. The public is not at the party. Huang Huan agreed, and Zhao Gong wrote a preface. Master Gong has been drunk in Hanlin Garden. He also ordered the general to help him into the boat, and Youchong also helped him into the boat. Please return to Laoshan on your way. Xuanzong loves talents, or considers getting drunk inside and outside the province. I can't help talking about the greenhouse tree (the secret of the palace), fearing future troubles and regretting it. General Gao helped Li Bai get drunk on the dragon boat and nursed him well. What a touching plot. Fan Chuan is Li Bai's nephew. This sequence is true and true, which can be called the history of faith. This is a far cry from the words of novelists Li and Duan. So, what caused Li Bai's departure? Li Bai's uncle Li said in the preface to the collection of thatched cottage: when you enter and leave the Hanlin, you should ask about politics. People are ignorant when reporting grass. Ugly in the same column, harm can become slander. Proverbs and aphorisms do not enter, and the emperor uses them with caution. I believe it is the result of colleagues in the Hanlin Academy. Hao Wei, another poet, said in Preface to the Collection of Li Hanlin: Go to the Emperor and call Bai. It is better to be invited to drink in white than to be half drunk. Let the system become a teacher's letter, not grass. Xu Zhongshu Sheren. By Zhang Ge. Who's Zhang Yang? Therefore, the son of Prime Minister Ming Taizu is Wei's son-in-law and his son. At that time, his brother and Mr. Scheeren both worked in the Imperial Academy, both of whom were bachelor's degrees, and both were in charge of Lunhan. Can be said to be Li Bai's fellow officials. His opposition is naturally a big obstacle. In addition, as described by various scholars, it is also roughly the same. In addition, Li Bai also said in the "Self-recommendation Form for Song Zhongcheng": Calling into the forbidden area not only adorns the red leaves, but also makes Wang Yan easier. Graceful, I appreciate it. Cheated the humble minister and he was released to the mountain. Because in the eyes of cabinet ministers who follow the rules, Li Bai's poems and dissolute habits are naturally not pleasing to the eye and out of place. So Luo Zhi Zhou Na invented a bad name and drove it away. And Zhang Yang acted as the protagonist of this ugly drama. He was a eunuch during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. A native of Panzhou (now Gaozhou, Guangdong), his real name is Feng. The boy was castrated and entered the palace in the first year of the holy calendar (698). Wu Zetian, with her cleverness, makes decisions about things. However, he was driven away by trivial matters that moved the Queen Mother. The eunuch Gao Yanfu accepted him as his adopted son, so he took Gao's surname. Gao Yanfu married Wu Sansi, and Lux returned to the palace to be an official here. When Li Longji was a vassal, Lux fell in love with him and contributed to the palace coup. After Longji ascended the throne (that is, Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), Lux won the trust, appointed him as the general of the imperial guard, knowing that it would be easier for him to serve in the palace, and made him the rank of ancient general and the title of Duke of Bohai. Luxe often stays in the Forbidden City, and the quartet must look at it first, and decide the small things by itself. Xuanzong said that "Lux is on duty, I am at rest", which plays an important role in the court. The prince (later Su Zong) called him the second brother, while the kings and princesses called him Weng and Ye. Li Longji in the Tang Dynasty did not call Gao Lishi by his first name, but called him a general. His assets are richer than those of princes. He once built a Buddhist temple to cast bells and entertain officials and ministers. It is stipulated that 100000 should be given as a gift once, and those who flatter him should hit 20 pestles, at least10 pestles. Gao Lishi was separated from his mother Mai when he was a child. After he appeared, we lingnan envoys heard about Mai's whereabouts and went from Longzhou to Chang 'an to meet Mai. Xuanzong named Mai as the wife of Yue State, and posthumously awarded Lux's dead father as the governor of Guangzhou. Lux has always been cautious and good at observing the current situation, so he has been favored for a long time and has no great reputation inside and outside the court. Moreover, what he said has a characteristic, which is called "being obedient without humiliation, remonstrating without committing crimes". Therefore, in fact, long before the Anshi Rebellion, Xuanzong gradually indulged in debauchery and became fatuous in appointing treacherous court officials. As a trusted emperor, he not only served the daily life of the emperor and the imperial concubine, but more importantly, he repeatedly warned Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty to beware of An Lushan's self-esteem and had ulterior motives, and advised him to take back the power of frontier affairs. This is clearly recorded in Zi Tong Zhi Jian: Xuanzong gradually indulged in debauchery and had no intention of going to court for more than ten years. Li, the prime minister, saw what he meant, so he planned with Niu Xianke to increase the number of shortcuts in Gyeonggi and enrich Guanzhong by means of harmony. In a few years, both capitals accumulated wealth, which further encouraged Xuanzong's idea of retiring. One day, Xuanzong meditated in Datong Temple, and there was no one around, so he quietly said to Gao Lishi, "I want to live in Shanhaiguan Pass for ten years. The people are safe and there is nothing at home and abroad. I can stop the yellow family, get rid of the old and absorb the new, and entrust Fu Lin with military and political plans. What do you say? " Gao Lishi felt that Tang Xuanzong was deeply puzzled by Li, so he advised Tang Xuanzong: "The plan of changing the dynasty and the plan of building a harmonious society by Xianke are enough to save the disadvantages, but they can't last long. Fear of change, that is, the righteousness is exhausted, the country will not survive for ten days, the people will be worried about hunger, and peace will not stop, that is, the interests of the four parties will not be public, and the world will be selfless. Is it far to abandon the roots and pursue the end? " He further pointed out: "The handle of the military can't be faked. The voice of authoritarianism resonates at home and abroad. Who dares to say gain or loss? Fu Wei is your majesty's plan. " Xuanzong felt very unhappy for a while after hearing this, but he still felt that Gao Lishi had a point. Then he changed his attitude and said, "Your mother and I share weal and woe, so why worry?" And ordered all localities to buy wine immediately to relax. In June of the 13th year of Tianbao (754), Mina Lee attacked Nanzhao after Jiannan stayed behind, and more than 200,000 soldiers lost their lives. Yang Guozhong concealed it, and Xuanzong was kept in the dark. One day, however, Xuanzong said to Gao Lishi, "I am old now. I am a concerned prime minister, and I will pay my generals for it. What does my husband have to worry about? " Gao Lishi immediately reminded: "I heard that Yunnan lost several teachers, and the army was too strong. What will your majesty do? " I'm afraid that once a disaster happens, it can't be saved. Why can you call it worry-free! "Gao Lishi's views on the current situation gave a wake-up call to the dizzy Xuanzong, which aroused his vigilance and immediately said," Don't say anything, I am Xu Sizhi. "Gao Lishi's flattery didn't make Xuanzong turn over a new leaf, and he still prized the Prime Minister and frontier generals. This autumn, it rained heavily for more than 60 days. Xuanzong thought it was a natural disaster, and privately said to Gao Lishi, "Ten years after Tianbao, I was suspicious and it turned out to be a natural disaster. Although Wei (see Su) and Chen (Lie) changed their ways, Yang () and Li () did not reach me. You are always silent. Why do you do it on purpose? "Lux immediately replied:" Twenty years before Kaiyuan, I was a minister and dared not surrender; "This side will be grateful and will work harder. Since your majesty's authority is false to the prime minister, the law will not work. As soon as the disaster is saved, Yin and Yang will be out of control, and it will be difficult to get peace. I dare not speak, I will be good. " Once again criticized Xuanzong's wrong practice of ignoring state affairs and favoring traitors. Tang Xuanzong's decadent rule in his later years eventually led to the Anshi Rebellion, which led him to take refuge in Chengdu. When he heard that Prince Hengli was enthroned in Lingwu, he seemed very proud. He said to Gao Lishi, "My son should inherit the throne, obey the heaven, change the yuan into morality, and be filial. What are you worried about? " Hearing this, Gao Lishi said, "Your Majesty has been involved in state affairs. His son has been in Guizhou and Lebanon for more than forty years, and nothing has happened in the world. Two Beijing fell at a time, and Wan's surname went into exile. Xishu and Shuofang were all places of alarm; Henan and Hanbei are both battlefields. The ministers of the world will increase the pain. Your majesty said to the minister,' what are you worried about when you are with me!' I dare not present a letter. I heard that the Lord is worried about my humiliation, the Lord's humiliation of my death, the meaning of death and humiliation, and the reason for my duty. I am unfilial, and I still have a breath. My relatives told me, afraid of war. "Gao Lishi pointed out the grim situation and gently criticized the blind optimism of Xuanzong. In the late autumn of the same year, it rained heavily for more than 60 days, and Yang lost his true feelings, so no one dared to speak ill of him. Xuanzong thought it was a condemnation from heaven, and privately said to Gao Lishi, "Ten years after Tianbao, I had doubts. It turned out to be a natural disaster, affecting thousands of surnames. Although Wei (see Su) and Chen (Lie) changed their ways, Yang () and Li () tried different ways, but they never reached me. You are always silent. Why do you do it on purpose? "Lux immediately replied:" Twenty years before Kaiyuan, I was a minister and dared not surrender; "This side will be grateful and will work harder. Since your majesty's authority is false to the prime minister, the law will not work. As soon as the disaster is saved, Yin and Yang will be out of control, and it will be difficult to get peace. I dare not speak, I will be good. " In the case that no one dared to speak, he was able to "remonstrate without committing crimes" again, and bluntly criticized Xuanzong's wrong practice of ignoring state affairs and favoring traitors, which sounded the alarm for Xuanzong, which was very commendable. Unfortunately, Xuanzong listened at first, and talked too much. The emperor was unhappy, but he didn't listen. It was not until Yang Guifei's death that Ma Yipo (speaking of exile abroad) was regretted by Tang Xuanzong, saying, "I regret not listening to you at the beginning, which caused today's disaster!" During the Anshi Rebellion, he went to Maweigang with Xuanzong. "The sergeant surrounded the post, heard its movements, asked about its foreign affairs, and turned to patriotism. He went out of the post door with a stick, comforted the sergeant and ordered him to close the team. The sergeant should not. " Gao Lishi was ordered to ask why, and Chen, the general of Long Wu, said to him, "It is not suitable for the imperial concubine to be sacrificed because of the rebellion of Guo Zhong. May your majesty be merciful and correct the law. " "The master said," I will take care of myself. "Introduction, the staff stood with their heads tilted. For a long time, Wei said in the preface, "Now people are angry, it is difficult to commit crimes, and their safety is at stake. May your majesty make a quick decision! "kowtow bleeding. The emperor said: "If the imperial concubine lives in the deep palace, she will know the loyalty of the country and plot evil!" "At this critical moment, Gao Lishi remonstrated and said," The imperial concubine is innocent, but the soldiers killed the loyalty of the country, and how dare she settle down with your majesty! I hope your majesty will think about it. If the soldiers are safe, your majesty will be safe. " The Lord ordered Lux to lure the imperial concubine to the Buddhist temple and kill her. The body was put in the post office and Li Xuan and others were invited to see it. Li Xuan, etc. Avoid disarming, nod and apologize, comfort them and tell the sergeant. Li Xuan waited for a long time, then bowed out, and the whole movie began. ".Ma Weiyi Yang Guifei was executed, and there have been different opinions for thousands of years. At that time, when the angry sergeant was in a critical situation, in order to protect Xuanzong from escaping, Gao Lishi could only persuade the emperor to adopt the idea of Chen, the general of Longwu, and take the helpless way of sacrificing the imperial concubine to calm the anger of the army. After Xuanzong entered Shu, Yuan Siyi, an on-the-job supervisor whom Gao Lishi trusted before, surrendered to An Lushan, and Gao Lishi was made King of Qi for his contribution and escort to Chengdu. After Su Zong ascended the throne, the emperor heard that Su Zong ascended the throne, and Xuanzong "rejoiced": My son should obey the people, change his yuan into virtue, and never forget his filial piety. Why worry? Lux said, "Both of them are lost, and the people are in exile. Hanbei, Henan Province is a war zone, and the world is sad. Your Majesty thinks you are worried, and I dare not smell it." Indeed, not only is the situation of Su Zong's accession to the throne not optimistic, but after Xuanzong returned to Chang 'an in the complicated and cruel court struggle, Su Zong's attitude towards his father was by no means what Xuanzong hoped. In times of crisis, Gao Lishi was loyal to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, on the issue of right and wrong, he was able to seize the opportunity to remonstrate and remind Tang Xuanzong in time. Under the social conditions at that time, he was a capable loyal minister. After the recovery of Xijing, he returned to Chang 'an with Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Shang and Yuan Dynasties (760), Su Zong was banished to Wuzhou (now southwest of Qianyang, Hunan Province) for protecting Xuanzong, the eunuch in power. Baoying was pardoned in the first year (762) and died in Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to historical records, after the Anshi Rebellion subsided, Xuanzong was welcomed back to Korea and was honored as "Tai shang huang". Son Su Zong doesn't want the emperor's father in charge of state affairs, daughter-in-law and Emperor Su Zong.
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