What is a beautiful underwater "garden"?

In 1980s, some scientists conducted investigations in the Gauss Ridge in Glaap and the East Pacific Ridge. They dived into the sea floor in a submersible. Turning on the searchlight, they saw a magical picture through periscope and submarine TV: on a vibrant oasis, plants such as anemones are growing, as well as various animals, bright red worms as long as 5 meters, mussels as big as watermelons, spiders like vegetable pots, and nereis as big as palms. They swim freely and occasionally look at them with surprised eyes. Scientists call this beautiful and wonderful world "undersea rose garden".

Scientists in the sargasso sea also found that in the "submarine rose garden" a little further away, there was a thick chimney smoking, about 2-6 meters in diameter, in which hot water kept churning up and down, spewing colorful emulsion from time to time. Around the "chimney", piles of cooled volcanic lava are condensed, which are shaped like huge bouquets and have thousands of postures.

In such a deep "dark" seabed, why is there such a colorful biological world?

After measurement, scientific research workers found that the seawater in this sea area is as deep as 2,600 ~ 3,000 meters, and the temperature of hot spring water sprayed by chimneys is as high as 350℃ ~ 400℃, which is not only rich in metal substances, but also contains gases such as sulfur. The existence of sulfur leads to the proliferation of sulfur bacteria. It is the reproduction of these sulfur bacteria, coupled with the existence of unique metal substances in the submarine "chimney", that has created a unique biological community in this place.

So, what is this "chimney" under the sea? Is it unique in this sea area?

1977, the British geologist took the submersible Alvin and observed the overflow of the submarine "chimney" for the first time at the Gauss Ridge in the Glaap of the Pacific Ocean. From 65438 to 0979, British biologists, geologists and chemists took the submersible Alvin again, made a long-term investigation on seamounts and Lapgoz Ridges in the East Pacific Ocean, and filmed a TV documentary. When they continued their investigation the following summer, they found many new mineral-bearing hot springs and gas overflow areas. The temperature of the hot spring water overflowed from these underwater hot springs and submarine volcanic vents is as high as 56℃, and rich metallic substances such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, hafnium and gold are deposited around the "chimney" after spraying out of the seabed with the hot spring water, forming mucus. These substances are the potential mineral resources of human beings, and they are also the objects that geologists expect to study.

In fact, as early as the mid-1960s, many "hot holes" similar to "chimneys" were found on the seabed of the Red Sea between East Asia and the dumb continent. At present, people have found four "hot holes" on the seabed of the Red Sea. There are 15% fish in the Red Sea that are not found in other oceans. In the past, people always used the salinity of seawater, high temperature and dry climate to explain the unique phenomenon of marine biota in the Red Sea. Now it seems that an important reason for the existence of special biological communities in the Red Sea is the supply of a large number of unique metal substances and the existence of "chimneys" on the seabed.

For a long time, geologists have different views on the formation of minerals and crustal movement. One explanation is that the earth's crust is divided into different plates, large and small. Deep under the earth's crust, molten substances are sprayed from the seabed in a certain direction, which provides power for plate movement, resulting in the rapid expansion of the seabed and the formation of different minerals. The discovery of "chimney" in the sea is the direct evidence of this view, and this discovery is also of great value to the study of life science. It is incredible that there is such a colorful and fascinating biological world under the deep sea floor where the sunshine is blurred and photosynthesis is carried out. The food of benthic animals living here is some fungi close to the earliest life form on earth, which puts forward a new research direction for studying the origin of life.