What are the skills to learn photography?

The so-called "photography" is to shoot some parts or all of the scenery and attract the audience with the beauty of the unique characteristics of the subject. However, when shooting close-ups, it is usually because the camera is very close to the subject, and it is easy to affect the image quality because of the unstable grip of the camera. But you can overcome these problems by buying some suitable equipment. To make a good photographic work, you need to master the following skills: First, you must install the camera on a tripod to prevent it from shaking. Try to keep the camera close to the subject, and be careful not to introduce unnecessary shadows. Second, the focus rail is not a necessary item for shooting, but it is a good auxiliary device, which can help you take a good close-up. The focal track can make the camera move along the X-axis and Y-axis in very small increments, and can accurately control the camera position and the depth of field of the picture. It is very troublesome to move the triangular bracket to the ideal position. Third, use the cable to release even if you have installed the camera on a tripod, if you are not careful when pressing the shutter, you may still shake the camera, so in order to avoid this situation, I suggest you use the cable to release it. 4. When shooting in a black or colored background, the shot image looks clearest when the background of the subject is black. You can also use a fuzzy background, especially when the color of the subject is very strong. 5. Use reflective cards when necessary. Use a white card or wrap a layer of aluminum foil on the card to reflect the light on the object and illuminate the shadow part of the object. Be careful not to let this card appear in the shooting range. 6. Be patient. Sometimes, even the breeze blurs close-ups. At this time, you must be patient, and it is best to wait until the wind has passed. Similarly, when shooting outdoors, when the clouds in the sky cover the sun, it is best to wait until the sun comes out, so that the photos taken will look brighter than those taken on cloudy days. Austrian photographer Ernest? 6? Haas (1) feels the same way. As for the composition, he has reached the state where there is no sword in his hand and a sword in his heart. He believes that "composition lies in balance, and everyone handles balance differently." Just like when Wushu reaches the highest level, there is no name for moves, and it can only be solved by one's own ability. Regarding the position of the camera in composition, he thinks: "The more you can forget your equipment and concentrate on your subject matter and composition, then the camera is just a continuation of your eyes and has no other meaning." Jacobs Jr also thinks: "The most basic factors of composition are lines, forms, textures and the space between these factors. Of course, color is also a factor that cannot be ignored. Convergence lines can generally explain the perspective relationship, but not all photos should show the depth of perspective. Many excellent works are flat patterns. Portraits of scenes or people in the viewfinder are arranged according to the photographer's personal feelings. Therefore, how to compose a composition, just like how to choose a theme, light and color, can also be the basis of a photographer's unique personal style. " In most cases, one or a group of shapes or forms play a leading role in each photo, and the shapes such as color, volume and position in the photo serve as the leading factors. "Contrast in composition refers to the contrast between big and small, bright and dark, near and far, active and passive, smooth and rough, rich and light colors and so on. We should make more use of these opposing factors so that the subject can influence the whole composition through them. For example, if the law of contrast is properly applied, photos will have a strong charm. " Some people may have a gift for composing music. Seven, exposure should follow the principle of "not crossing", and spot metering according to the bright part of the background can make the subject seriously underexposed and form a strong silhouette. Eight, when the proportion of the main body in the picture is too small or the picture is blank and monotonous, you can creatively use silhouette as the foreground. Black silhouette will neither oppress the audience's vision of the subject nor distract the audience. We can even use the border with silhouette as the main body to form square, round or varied shapes, so that ordinary scenery has a unique sense of picture form and increases the depth of painting. Photographic light mainly includes four characteristics-light intensity, light properties, light directionality and light color. We mainly talk about the directionality of light, that is, we often say front light, side light, backlight and top light. 1, lighting along the light This is a kind of light with the flattest effect. Without taking advantage of the three-dimensional sense and spatial depth of the subject, it lacks vitality. 2. The effect of side lighting is obviously improved, and the light and dark changes of the subject show a sense of standing and surface texture, which is more in line with people's normal visual habits, so it is widely used in photography. Backlight can outline the shape of an object and separate it from the background. Forming bright lines on the edge of the object shape can render the atmosphere to be expressed and enrich and activate the picture. 4. The effect of the top light makes the picture show a hot feeling, which produces a strong projection under the eyes, nose and chin of the characters, and plays a role in uglifying the characters. In photography, the distance between two imaging planes, on which the front boundary of depth of field and the back boundary of depth of field are conjugate respectively. Image depth corresponds to the depth of field, and the greater the image depth, the greater the depth of field. The standard for determining the depth of field: 135 The diameter of the blur circle allowed by the camera is generally 1/30 mm, that is, 0.033mm. hyperfocal distance: When the lens is focused at infinity, the scene at infinity forms a clear image, and at the same time, the object at a certain point at a finite distance can reach the clear standard, and the object near that point is blurred. Then, the distance between this object and the lens is hyperfocal distance. Distance from the center of the focusing lens to the focal point. The unit of focal length is usually expressed in mm, and the focal length of the lens is usually marked in front of the lens, such as f=50mm (this is what we usually call "standard lens"), 28-70mm (our most commonly used lens), 70-2 10mm (telephoto lens) and so on. A device used to control the amount of light passing through a lens. Shutter is a device used to control the exposure time. Shutters can generally be divided into curtain shutters, lens shutters and steel shutters. Among them, curtain blinds can be divided into vertical curtain blinds and horizontal curtain blinds. Steel shutter can reach higher speed (the highest shutter speed can reach112000 seconds or more at present). Generally, the highest speed of the inter-mirror blade shutter does not exceed 1/500 seconds, but the biggest advantage of the inter-mirror blade shutter is that the noise generated during shooting is extremely low, which is very conducive to sneak shots and can realize synchronous flashing within the full speed range. Shutter speed The time that the shutter opens. It refers to the time (exposure time) when light sweeps across the film. For example, "1/30" means that the exposure time is 1/30 seconds. Similarly, "1/60" means that the exposure time is1/60s, and the shutter of1/60s is1/30s. The rest and so on. Note: Some materials refer to shutter speed as shutter time. The two names are different, but they mean the same thing, both referring to the shutter opening time. The relatively clear range of a depth of field image. The depth of field depends on three factors: the focal length of the lens, the distance between the camera and the subject, and the aperture used. The relationship between depth of field and the above three factors is: the longer the focal length, the shorter the depth of field; The shorter the focal length, the longer the depth of field (for example, under the same aperture and distance, the scene of 28mm lens is far greater than that of 70mm lens); (2) The closer the distance is, the shorter the depth of field is, and the farther the distance is, the longer the depth of field is (for example, under the same focal length and aperture, the subject scene at 10 m is far greater than the subject depth of field at 1 m); (3) The larger the aperture, the shorter the depth of field, and the smaller the aperture, the longer the depth of field (for example, under the same focal length and distance, the scene with the aperture of F 16 is far greater than the depth of field with the aperture of F4).